A Tactful Prompt: The Time is Right for .

Feelings have long run high between many autistic advocates and behavior analysts. The former often experience and perceive ABA as harmful and traumatic in its methods, and prejudicial and stigmatizing in its objectives, with some of the latter retorting that criticisms reflect misunderstandings of the science rather than areas of true concern. The result? A deep and contentious conceptual divide, leaving little room for dialogue or progress.

Ectopic adipose tissue in subsistence populations with minimal coronary disease, large left atria, and very low rates of atrial fibrillation.

Background: Greater deposits of epicardial adipose tissue are associated with atrial fibrillation and coronary disease, but have not been studied in subsistence populations.

Methods: We performed CT imaging to measure coronary artery and thoracic aortic calcium (CAC, TAC), epicardial fat thickness (EFT), liver density, and left atrial (LA) anteroposterior diameter and, using a deep learning-enabled software program, epicardial and thoracic fat volume (EFV, TFV), in two remote Amerindian subsistence populations with minimal coronary artery calcification and virtually no atrial fibrillation. We compared 893 adult Tsimane (mean age 58.

Plasma-Driven Decomposition of HAN-Based Ionic Liquids.

A nanosecond pulse transient plasma is employed to initiate and control the exothermic decomposition of ionic liquids, namely, a mixture of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate [EMIM]/[EtSO], as well as some noncombustible ionic liquids. Here, the plasma is discharged in a cylindrical geometry with a coaxial center wire electrode. High voltage (20 kV) nanosecond pulses (20 ns) at various frequencies up to 10 kHz produce a plasma discharge in the ionic liquid that initiates its nonthermal decomposition.

Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels Are Associated With Skeletal Maturity in Adolescent Girls: A Longitudinal Study.

Background And Aims: The role of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a potential marker of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, is not well established in adolescent females. Typical epidemiologic studies use secondary sexual characteristics or chronological age as predictors for AMH. Skeletal maturity, an indicator of bone development, however, has not been examined in association with AMH in adolescent females.

Cognitive and Global Morphometry Trajectories as Predictors of Youth Persistent Distressing Psychotic-Like Experiences.

Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) may arise from genetic and environmental risk leading to worsening cognitive and morphometry metrics over time, which in turn lead to worsening PLEs. Analyses used three waves of unique longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study data (ages 9-13) to test whether changes in cognition and global morphometry metrics attenuate associations between genetic and environmental risk with persistent distressing PLEs. Multigroup univariate latent growth models examined three waves of cognitive metrics and global morphometry separately for three PLE groups: persistent distressing PLEs (n=356), transient distressing PLEs (n=408), and low-level PLEs (n=7901).

Higher blood lipid levels after the transition to menopause in two forager-horticulturalist populations.

Background: Reproduction affects health and longevity among females across the life course. While significant focus has been devoted to the role of menarche, menopause remains understudied. Most menopause research is conducted in industrialized populations, where the risk of cardiovascular diseases increases progressively during the menopausal transition.

Effects of a pilot simulation training on interdisciplinary closed-loop communication and time to critical actions at an emergency centre in Burundi.

Introduction: Emergency medicine simulation is an effective training modality in both high and low resource settings. We describe the authors' experiences conducting a four-week interdisciplinary, , simulation training series at an emergency centre in Burundi.

Methods: Training emphasized effective closed loop communication, early airway, breathing, and circulation assessment, as well as time to vital signs, IV placement, and oxygen administration when appropriate.

Instantaneous Frequency: A New Functional Biomarker for Dynamic Brain Causal Networks.

Background: This study introduces instantaneous frequency (IF) analysis as a novel method for characterizing dynamic brain causal networks from functional magnetic resonance imaging blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals.

Methods: Effective connectivity, estimated using dynamic causal modeling, is analyzed to derive IF sequences, with the average IF across brain regions serving as a potential biomarker for global network oscillatory behavior.

Results: Analysis of data from the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Neuroimaging Initiative, Open Access Series of Imaging Studies, and Human Connectome Project demonstrates the method's efficacy in distinguishing between clinical and demographic groups, such as cognitive decline stages (e.

Surgical Outcomes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Related Liver Disease.

Patients with chronic liver disease have a higher surgical risk compared with those without. For patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), literature has shown that earlier surgical intervention for those with severe IBD has led to better outcomes regarding mortality and remission. For patients who have both IBD and chronic liver disease, management can be complex.

Associations between comorbid conditions with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease by race-ethnicity and sex based on NACC data.

Introduction: We investigated the associations between diabetes (type 2), hypertension and hypercholesterolemia with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnoses by race-ethnicity and sex.

Methods: Data (n = 22,950) were derived via the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between each comorbid condition and MCI and AD.

Intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy and risk of limb complications in individuals with diabetic eye disease.

Aims: To evaluate the association between intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy and lower extremity complications in diabetic eye disease (DED), and compare risks among ranibizumab, aflibercept, and bevacizumab.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used a U.S.

Accelerated Patient-specific Non-Cartesian MRI Reconstruction using Implicit Neural Representations.

Purpose: Accelerating MR acquisition is essential for image guided therapeutic applications. Compressed sensing (CS) has been developed to minimize image artifacts in accelerated scans, but the required iterative reconstruction is computationally complex and difficult to generalize. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs)/Transformers-based deep learning (DL) methods emerged as a faster alternative but face challenges in modeling continuous k-space, a problem amplified with non-Cartesian sampling commonly used in accelerated acquisition.

Treatment and Referral of Youth with Opioid Addiction in the Pediatric Emergency Department: A Pilot Study.

Background: Fatal opioid overdoses have increased among adolescents. Emergency Departments (EDs) are critical access points for connecting adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) to medication-assisted treatment (MAT). Whether this is feasible in pediatric patients is unknown.

Multicellular tumor-stromal interactions recapitulate aspects of therapeutic response and human oncogenic signaling in a 3D disease model for H3K27M-altered DIPG.

It has become evident from decades of clinical trials that multimodal therapeutic approaches with focus on cell intrinsic and microenvironmental cues are needed to improve understanding and treat the rare, inoperable, and ultimately fatal diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), now categorized as a diffuse midline glioma. In this study we report the development and characterization of an in vitro system utilizing 3D Tumor Tissue Analogs (TTA), designed to replicate the intricate DIPG microenvironment. The innate ability of fluorescently labeled human brain endothelial cells, microglia, and patient-derived DIPG cell lines to self-assemble has been exploited to generate multicellular 3D TTAs that mimic tissue-like microstructures, enabling an in- depth exploration of the spatio-temporal dynamics between neoplastic and stromal cells.

Assessing the impact of perfluoroalkyl substances on liver health: a comprehensive study using multi-donor human liver spheroids.

Background: Although per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been linked to chronic liver diseases, the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms by which different PFAS contribute to human liver dysfunction remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate those mechanisms.

Methods: We exposed a multi-donor human liver spheroid model composed of multiple cell types to 20 µM of PFHxS, PFOA, PFOS, or PFNA for seven days, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing and lipid staining.

Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Association with child behavior in the environmental influences on child health outcomes (ECHO) Cohort.

Background: Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may adversely impact child neurodevelopment; however, epidemiologic findings remain inconclusive because of small sample sizes, limited exposure variability, and differing neurodevelopmental measures. We aimed to investigate the relationship between prenatal PFAS exposure and child behavior.

Methods: We pooled data from nine study sites in the nationwide Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort.

Assessment of Myocardial Injury Size Metrics Using Carotid Pressure Waveform: Proof-of-Concept in Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion Rat Model.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide and the most common precursor to heart failure, even after initial treatment. Precise evaluation of myocardial injury is crucial for assessing interventions and improving outcomes. Extensive evidence from both preclinical models and clinical studies demonstrates that the extent and severity of myocardial injury (i.

Adults' Ability to Detect the Pseudotemporal Problem when Children Give "I Don't Know" Responses.

Past research has identified a source of miscommunication known as the "pseudotemporal" problem, whereby children mistakenly interpret invitations including the word 'time' (e.g., "tell me about the last time") as requests for temporal information (Friend et al.

Depression symptom level associates with negative and positive affect and cognitive dysfunction during a smoking cessation quit attempt.

Introduction: Individuals with elevated depression symptoms experience low positive affect, high negative affect, and cognitive dysfunction. Affective and cognitive disruptions also occur during cigarette abstinence. This study examined whether depression symptom levels associate with affect and cognitive dysfunction during a cigarette quit attempt.

Severing the scar supply line: CAR-T in chronic kidney disease.

CAR-T cell therapy is rapidly being extended to target various pathophysiological processes beyond cancer. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Zhao et al. engineered PDGFRβ-specific CAR-T cells in vivo to selectively target extracellular matrix-producing cells in kidney fibrosis, opening new opportunities for treating fibrotic diseases with precision immunotherapy.

The Moderating Effect of Atypical Events on the Relationship Between Heart Rate and Stress in Medical Residents Working in an Intensive Care Unit: Longitudinal, Observational Daily Diary Study.

Background: Residency is a critical period in a physician's training, characterized by significant physical, cognitive, and emotional demands that make residents highly susceptible to stress and associated negative health outcomes. While physiological signals such as heart rate have been explored as potential biomarkers of stress, their predictive utility in high-stress environments such as the intensive care unit (ICU) remains inconclusive, especially when factoring in atypical events that can further exacerbate resident stress levels.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between daily average heart rate (AHR) and perceived stress among ICU residents and examine the moderating effect of atypical events on this relationship.

Clinical progression on CDR-SB©: Progression-free time at each 0.5 unit level in dominantly inherited and sporadic Alzheimer's disease populations.

Introduction: Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) is a reliable and clinically meaningful composite for assessing treatment effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. Small CDR-SB differences at the end of a trial often lead to controversy in deriving clinically meaningful interpretations.

Methods: We estimated progression-free time (PFT) participants remained at each 0.

Measuring the Budget Impact of Nondiscriminatory Cost-Effectiveness.

Importance: The US Inflation and Reduction Act (IRA) prohibits the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) from using discriminatory methods such as cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) that assign lower value to treating sicker and disabled persons. Generalized risk-adjusted cost- effectiveness (GRACE) provides a nondiscriminatory alternative, but the potential impact on health care budgets is unknown.

Objective: To compare value-based drug prices based on traditional CEA with those based on IRA-compliant GRACE and assess the implications for health care budgets.