Neural representation of nouns and verbs in congenitally blind and sighted individuals.

In blind individuals, language processing activates not only classic language networks, but also the "visual" cortex. What is represented in visual areas when blind individuals process language? Here, we show that area V5/MT in blind individuals, but not other visual areas, responds differently to spoken nouns and verbs. We further show that this effect is present for concrete nouns and verbs, but not abstract or pseudo nouns and verbs.

DYNAFormer: Enhancing transformer segmentation with dynamic anchor mask for medical imaging.

Polyp shape is critical for diagnosing colorectal polyps and assessing cancer risk, yet there is limited data on segmenting pedunculated and sessile polyps. This paper introduces PolypDB_INS, a dataset of 4403 images containing 4918 annotated polyps, specifically for sessile and pedunculated polyps. In addition, we propose DYNAFormer, a novel transformer-based model utilizing an anchor mask-guided mechanism that incorporates cross-attention, dynamic query updates, and query denoising for improved object segmentation.

Perceptions of justice actors on juvenile fundamental rights and rehabilitation in Vietnam: findings from a multi-institutional survey.

This study explores the perceptions of justice and governance professionals in Vietnam regarding the protection of fundamental rights and the implementation of community-based reintegration measures for juvenile offenders. Drawing on a cross-sectional survey of 285 respondents-including police officers, prosecutors, legal aid providers, commune officials, and other local-level actors-the research investigates three key dimensions: the perceived objectives of juvenile justice, support for a specialized juvenile justice system, and the perceived necessity of 22 child-centered, community-based interventions aimed at rehabilitation and recidivism prevention. The findings reveal strong overall support for rehabilitative and educational goals over punitive approaches.

The meaning of sexual orientation in the lives of transgender people. Systematic review of qualitative studies.

Background: The literature emphasizes the importance of sexual orientation in the self-identification and decision-making processes related to diagnosis and gender affirmation among transgender individuals. A deeper understanding of these relations can be attained by synthesizing qualitative studies that explore the personal meanings transgender individuals attribute to their sexual orientation.

Aims: The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature investigating the meaning of sexual orientation in the lives of transgender people.

Co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and food addiction in a large Polish sample: latent profile analysis.

Food addiction (FA) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are each associated with obesity and adverse psychological outcomes. The goal of this study was to generate symptom profiles based on varying levels of FA and PTSD symptoms. We hypothesised four profiles: PTSD + FA; PTSD; FA; healthy.

Validity of the Modified Lay Public Stigma in the Family Stigma in Alzheimer's Disease Scale (Modified FS-ADS) for General Public in Vietnam.

This study aims to validate the Modified Lay Public Stigma in the Family Stigma in Alzheimer's Disease Scale (Modified FS-ADS) with Vietnamese general public. A sample of 135 students aged 18 to 24 completed a self-ministered survey on their attitude toward people with dementia. Exploratory principal factor analysis using varimax rotation was adopted to explore potential factors of 34 items.

Structure of Patients' Temperament Traits as a Risk Factor for Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic respiratory illnesses frequently accompanied by anxiety and depression. These psychological symptoms often go undetected due to their overlap with somatic complaints. According to the regulatory theory of temperament (RTT), biologically based temperament traits may influence emotional responses to chronic illness.

The prostate gland volume in boys with hypospadias based on transabdominal ultrasound.

Background: Development of both the external genitalia and the prostate gland is influenced by androgens produced by the fetal testes. This raises a question whether abnormal development of the external genitalia is also accompanied by abnormal development of the prostate.

Aims: Comparison of the prostate size in boys with various degrees of hypospadias, with special attention to the presence of Müllerian structures Ms in relation to age reference values.

Changes in Perceptions of People with Dementia Among Vietnamese College Student via Media Exposures: A Pilot Study.

This pilot study investigates how Vietnamese college students' perceptions of dementia change over times, including before, right after, and a week after watching a video about how a person with dementia (PWD) sees the world; and what the students perceive as their lessons learned and own changes in perceptions of dementia and PWD. A total of 109 students completed the open-ended questions about their own depictions of dementia and their changes between before, right after, and a week after watching the video. The conventional content analysis results provide important evidence for educational strategies to reduce dementia stigma.

Treatment of xerostomia in Sjögren's syndrome - what effect does it have on the oral microbiome?

Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphatic infiltration of secretory tissues. The disease results in dryness of the eyeball or mouth, which often occur simultaneously. Agents used to treat Sjögren's syndrome may improve oral hydration and the patient's quality of life.

I see sick people: Beliefs about sensory detection of infectious disease are largely consistent across cultures.

Identifying cues to contagious disease is critical for effectively tracking and defending against interpersonal infection threats. People hold lay beliefs about the types of sensory information most relevant for identifying whether others are sick with transmissible illnesses. Are these beliefs universal, or do they vary along cultural and ecological dimensions? Participants in 58 countries (N = 19,217) judged how effective, and how likely they were to use, cues involving each of the five major sensory modalities in an imagined social interaction during a flu outbreak.

Content validity of a toolkit for measuring teachers' mental health literacy in Vietnam.

Background: Teachers' mental health literacy will impact the mental health of the teacher and student community. Assessing teachers' mental health literacy requires a toolkit developed specifically for them. This study aimed to adapt and evaluate the content validity of the toolkit developed by Jorm for Vietnamese teachers.

Hope and Distress: A Cross-Country Study Amid the Russian-Ukrainian War.

Conflict deeply affects human experiences, frequently testing individual resilience to its breaking point and leaving enduring psychological and societal wounds. The current conflict in Ukraine, initiated by Russia's invasion in 2022, illustrates this phenomenon by altering regional relationships and triggering a major humanitarian crisis marked by extensive displacement, loss of life, and emotional turmoil. This study explores the factors influencing hope and distress in Ukraine alongside six nearby European countries during the ongoing conflict.

AI-driven analyzes of open-ended responses to assess outcomes of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) in adolescents with anxiety and depression comorbidity.

Objective: Although patients prefer describing their problems using words, mental health interventions are commonly evaluated using rating scales. Fortunately, recent advances in natural language processing (i.e.

The International Work Addiction Scale (IWAS): A screening tool for clinical and organizational applications validated in 85 cultures from six continents.

Background And Aims: Despite the last decade's significant development in the scientific study of work addiction/workaholism, this area of research is still facing a fundamental challenge, namely the need for a valid and reliable measurement tool that shows cross-cultural invariance and, as such, allows for worldwide studies on this phenomenon.

Methods: An initial 16-item questionnaire, developed within an addiction framework, was administered alongside job stress, job satisfaction, and self-esteem measures in a total sample of 31,352 employees from six continents and 85 cultures (63.5% females, mean age of 39.

Setting the Stage for the Inner Journey: Unraveling the Interplay of Contextual Factors and the Intensity of Psychedelic-Induced Ego Dissolution.

Psychedelics have the potential to induce profound alterations in cognition, emotionality, and sensory perception. The quality and intensity of these subjective effects exhibit high intra- and inter-individual variability, which can potentially be accounted for by the variability in contexts in which psychedelics are used. Therefore, the aim of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate how internal and external contextual factors are related to the subjective intensity of psychedelic-induced ego dissolution experiences.

Internalized oppression and deaf people's mental health.

Deaf people experience ableism (able-bodied oppression), audism (hearing-ability oppression), and linguicism (sign language-use oppression) and this study investigated if internalizing these oppressive experiences predicts their mental health. Deaf participants (N = 134) completed a 54-item Deaf Oppression Scale, developed for this study with Ableism, Audism, and Linguicism Subtests, along with the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. The Deaf Oppression Scale and its Ableism, Audism, and Linguicism Subscales carry good reliability and the model fit indices for a confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit.

The taxonomy of risky activities and technologies: Revisiting the 1978 psychological dimensions of perceptions of technological risks.

The objective of this study is to replicate the original study by Fischhoff et al. (1978) and its replication by Fox-Glassman and Weber (2016) and to examine whether risk perceptions for the previously studied activities and technologies have changed over the past 40 years, especially when activities/technologies related to contemporary concerns are included. To achieve this goal, the list of activities/technologies has been modified.

A Psychometric Analysis of the Polish Online Version of the Aging Semantic Differential Scale (ASD).

Background: Nursing students will become professionals providing direct care to an aging population in the future. Given that students' attitudes evolve during their studies, an important element of medical education should be addressing the issue of ageism, verifying false beliefs, promoting the subjectivity as well as individuality of older people in the education process. The aim of the study was to analyse the psychometrics of the Polish online version of the Aging Semantic Differential Scale (ASD).

Multi-group Causal Model of Mental Health Literacy and Helping Behavior Toward People at Risk of Depression Among Thai and Vietnamese Health Science Students.

Objectives: Depression affects 23.3% of Thai and 15.2% of Vietnamese health science students, rates that exceed the global average of 4.

Psychological differences in food addiction and binge eating in a general Polish population.

The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of food addiction (FA) and binge eating (BE) in a general Polish population, to explore the differences between these constructs, and to examine psychological differences among FA, BE, and FA + BE groups. 2123 participants completed the questionnaires: Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, Binge Eating Scale, The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Life Events Checklist, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Short UPPS-P scale (impulsive traits), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 items.

Mindfulness Practice and Work Performance: The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Capital.

Purpose: The practice of mindfulness is becoming more widespread among employees, with potential benefits for workplace outcomes. However, there is a paucity of research on the mechanisms linking mindfulness to job performance.

Method: This study investigated the mediating functions of emotional intelligence and psychological capital in the relationship between mindfulness and job performance among 263 office employees in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Overcoming low status or maintaining high status? A multinational examination of the association between socioeconomic status and honour.

We examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and endorsement of honour. We studied the SES-honour link in 5 studies (N = 13,635) with participants recruited in different world regions (the Mediterranean and MENA, East Asian, South-East Asian, and Anglo-Western regions) using measures that tap into various different facets of honour. Findings from these studies revealed that individuals who subjectively perceived themselves as belonging to a higher (vs.

Relating production and perception in two Raglai dialects at different stages of registrogenesis.

This paper explores the perception of two diachronically related and mutually intelligible phonological oppositions, the onset voicing contrast of Northern Raglai and the register contrast of Southern Raglai. It is the continuation of a previous acoustic study that revealed that Northern Raglai onset stops maintain a voicing distinction accompanied by weak formant and voice quality modulations on following vowels, while Southern Raglai has transphonologized this voicing contrast into a register contrast marked by vowel and voice quality distinctions. Our findings indicate that the two dialects partially differ in their use of identification cues, Northern Raglai listeners using both voicing and F1 as major cues while Southern Raglai listeners largely focus on F1.