The Relationship with Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines in Preschool-Aged Children: A Systematic Review.

: Physical activity (PA) during preschool is vital for supporting physiological development, enhancing cognitive abilities and fostering socio-emotional growth. However, consistent disparities in meeting PA guidelines have been observed. This systematic review aims to identify studies that compared preschoolers' PA, as measured by technological devices, with recommended PA guidelines.

Nudibranchs as Sources of Marine Natural Products with Antitumor Activity: A Comprehensive Review.

Nudibranchs have garnered increasing interest in biomedical research due to their complex chemical defense mechanisms, many of which are derived from their diet, including sponges, cnidarians, tunicates, and algae. Their remarkable ability to sequester dietary toxins and synthesize secondary metabolites positions them as a promising source of biologically active compounds with potential therapeutic applications, particularly in oncology. This study aimed to review and summarize the available literature on the bioactive potential of nudibranch-derived compounds, focusing mainly on their antitumor properties.

Discriminative Capacity of Visceral Adiposity and Triglyceride Glucose-Waist Circumference Indices for Metabolic Syndrome in Spanish Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Adolescence is a critical period for the early detection of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a condition that increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. Timely identification of at-risk adolescents enables targeted prevention strategies. This study aimed to analyze the discriminative capacity and accuracy of six biochemical and/or anthropometric indices related to lipid metabolism and adiposity for the early detection of MetS in a sample of Spanish adolescents.

Psychometric properties and qualitative evaluation of a Swedish translation of the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale-Short (NSSS-S).

Objectives: Sexual satisfaction is a crucial part of sexual health and is positively related to well-being and quality of life. However, there are at present no composite measures of sexual satisfaction available in Swedish. The New Sexual Satisfaction Scale - Short form (NSSS-S) is a measure of sexual satisfaction that has been validated in multiple languages, and the aim of the present study is to evaluate the psychometric properties and intelligibility of a Swedish version of the NSSS-S.

Discocelia Plataet Sp. n., a Small Incertae Sedis Cercozoan Flagellate.

Cercozoa = Filosa (Rhizaria, SAR) is one of the largest rhizarian subgroups and consists of a diverse assemblage of amoeboid and flagellated protists. They are ecologically significant in microbial food webs, widely diverse, and even abundant in soils and deep marine sediments according to environmental sequencing. In spite of this, the cercozoan phylogeny remains poorly resolved by SSU rRNA gene analysis, and omics data are available for only a few well-characterized species.

An overview of model uncertainty and variability in LLM-based sentiment analysis: challenges, mitigation strategies, and the role of explainability.

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced sentiment analysis, yet their inherent uncertainty and variability pose critical challenges to achieving reliable and consistent outcomes. This paper systematically explores the Model Variability Problem (MVP) in LLM-based sentiment analysis, characterized by inconsistent sentiment classification, polarization, and uncertainty arising from stochastic inference mechanisms, prompt sensitivity, and biases in training data. We present illustrative examples and two case studies to highlight its impact and analyze the core causes of MVP, discussing a dozen fundamental reasons for model variability.

A comprehensive approach to simulating bone fractures through bone model fragmentation guided by fracture patterns.

Bone fractures are a common medical condition requiring accurate simulation for diagnosis and treatment planning. This study introduces a comprehensive method for simulating bone fractures using two-dimensional fracture patterns and real fractured bones applied to three-dimensional bone models. The approach begins with selecting and adjusting a fracture pattern, projecting it onto a 3D bone model and applying triangulation guided by quality metrics to simulate the cortical layer.

Is Checking for Sequential Positivity Violations Getting You Down? Try sPoRT!

Background: Sequential positivity is often a necessary assumption for drawing causal inferences, such as through marginal structural modeling. Unfortunately, verification of this assumption can be challenging because it usually relies on multiple parametric propensity score models, unlikely to all be correctly specified. Therefore, we propose a new algorithm, called sequential Positivity Regression Tree (sPoRT), to overcome this issue and identify the subgroups found to be violating this assumption, allowing for insights about the nature of the violations and potential solutions.

Effectiveness of Movement Representation Strategies in Knee Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses on Knee Pain and Function.

Introduction: A highly prevalent condition, knee pain often results in significant functional limitations and a reduced quality of life. Due to its multifactorial causes and diverse pathologies, numerous therapeutic approaches have been proposed, each with varying degrees of success. Among these, movement representation strategies have emerged as promising interventions.

Psychological intervention in patients with central sensitization syndromes and comorbid psychosocial trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The co-occurrence of central sensitization syndromes (CSS) and post-traumatic symptoms (PTSS) or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exacerbates impairment, and treatment is unsatisfactory in many cases. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of psychological therapy in individuals with CSS and comorbid PTSS/PTSD. A search of Medline, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Scopus databases (2000 to 2023) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.

Annual Performance Progression in Swimming Across Competition Levels and Race Distances.

As performance progression provides an essential indicator for talent selection and development, this study aimed to compare annual swimming performance progression between different competitive levels and to establish benchmarks for long-term athlete development. Annual best times of swimmers who competed up to the age of 21 years and achieved over 450 World Aquatics points were extracted from the database of European Aquatics. A total of 13,310 male and 7798 female pool swimmers of all race distances were grouped into three performance levels.

Comparison of an Energy-Reduced Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity Versus an Ad Libitum Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes : A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Limited research has been done to evaluate the combined effect of energy reduction, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), and physical activity on type 2 diabetes incidence.

Objective: To evaluate whether an energy-reduced MedDiet (erMedDiet) plus physical activity reduces diabetes incidence compared with a standard MedDiet.

Design: Prespecified secondary outcome analysis in the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea)-Plus randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial.

Associations between chronic exposure to bisphenols and parabens and gut microbiota in children.

Bisphenols and parabens are endocrine-disrupting chemicals widely used in food packaging and personal care products. Early-life exposure to these compounds has been associated with adverse health effects, but their potential role in modulating the gut microbiota during childhood remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between chronic exposure to bisphenols and parabens and gut microbiota diversity, composition, and function in children.

A brief international screening tool for traumatic birth and childbirth-related PTSD: the city BiTS-short form.

Introduction: Screening to identify traumatic births and childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD) is critical for reducing the global burden of maternal mental health challenges. Despite this, no brief, validated tools exist for international use. This study therefore developed and validated a short version of the City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS) to provide a brief, globally relevant screening tool.

Knowledge and Beliefs Toward Mammography Screening Among Jordanian Women: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally. Despite the significance of mammography screening rate for early BC detection among Jordanian women, it remains low, mainly due to various cognitive, psychosocial, and behavioral barriers. Understanding these factors is essential for developing effective interventions.

The Kinetic Link: Investigating Shoulder Strength as a Determinant of Throwing Velocity in Handball Players.

García-Buendía, G, Martínez-García, D, Chirosa Ríos, IJ, Chirosa Ríos, LJ, and Rodríguez-Perea, Á. The kinetic link: Investigating shoulder strength as a determinant of throwing velocity in handball players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-This study explores the relationship between shoulder strength and throwing velocity in 34 amateur handball players (26 males, 8 females), with an average age of 22.

Evaluation of the 4Kscore test in relation to subsequent risk of aggressive prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is central to referrals for prostate biopsy but has low specificity for aggressive prostate cancer. This study evaluates the 4Kscore® (OPKO Diagnostics) versus total PSA in predicting short- and long-term risks of aggressive prostate cancer.

Methods: Baseline blood samples from 1,658 men diagnosed with prostate cancer (median diagnosis time = 8.

Survival and prognostic factors in mucosal melanomas of the oral cavity: A meta-analysis.

Background: The development of early metastases due to the high vascularization and lymphatic drainage of the oral cavity, followed by delayed diagnosis, results in a worse prognosis of oral melanomas. The present study aimed to determine the survival of oral melanoma in different periods and analyze its prognostic factors.

Methods: A search for studies on survival and prognostic factors of oral melanoma was performed in the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library), Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus.

Measurement of the U fission cross section relative to the standard B(n, α) reaction at the CERN n_TOF facility: Results for E< 2 eV.

The neutron induced fission of U is a very important reaction for nuclear technology applications and for the design of future systems to produce clean and safe energy. In addition, it is used as a reference reaction for neutron cross-section measurements, thus, its cross section is needed with a high accuracy over a wide energy range. In this work, the measurement for the U(n,f) reaction was carried out at the n_TOF facility located at CERN, at experimental area EAR-2.

Effectiveness in physical activity levels of proactive behavior-based programs in prostate cancer survivors. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of proactive behavior-based programs on physical activity levels of prostate cancer patients.

Methods: A literature search through Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were performed (last search January 2025). The GRADE System and the Cochrane tool were applied to quality assessment.

Regulatory Strategies for Accelerating the Translation of Gene Therapies to Clinical Practice: Focus on GMO Considerations.

Gene therapy has revolutionized modern medicine by offering innovative treatments for genetic disorders, cancers, and immune-related conditions through technologies such as viral vector delivery, genome editing, and genetically modified cell therapies. Despite significant advancements, the classification of gene therapy medicinal products (GTMPs) as genetically modified organisms (GMOs) under EU legislation imposes significant regulatory burdens, hindering early and timely patient access to such therapies. Current GMO regulations, originally designed for agricultural biotechnology, require environmental risk assessments (ERAs) and additional approvals, creating delays and increasing costs-with a particularly negative impact on early academic research.

Treatment-resistant depression and intranasal esketamine: Spanish consensus on theoretical aspects.

Introduction: Depression is a highly prevalent disease that severely impacts the life of patients. Inadequate response to at least two antidepressants despite adequacy of treatment and adherence is known as treatment-resistant depression (TRD), which entails a higher social and economic burden than non-resistant major depression. The lack of consensus on the definition of TRD and other aspects complicates management of the disease.

Antimicrobial and physico-mechanical properties of a universal adhesive loaded with L-arginine-containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles (ArgC18@MSNs).

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of adding L-arginine-containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles (ArgC18@MSNs) to a commercial universal adhesive for anti-caries purposes, focusing on antimicrobial/physico-mechanical properties.

Methods: ArgC18@MSNs were synthesized using N-oleoyl-L-arginine as a drug-structure-directing agent and characterized by TEM, N adsorption-desorption, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and DLS. Drug release was monitored by UV-Vis for 7 days.

Higher Sedentary Behaviour and Not Following Screen Time Guidelines Were Associated With Unfavourable Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Childhood.

Aim: Sedentary behaviour may influence children's cardiometabolic health; however, evidence remains limited. This study investigated the associations between sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic outcomes in nine-year-old children and from 4 to 9 years of age. Associations between adherence to screen time guidelines and cardiometabolic outcomes at 9 years of age were also examined.

Evaluating pharmacist prescribing education programmes: a realist synthesis protocol.

Introduction: Pharmacist prescribing has evolved to meet healthcare system needs, but the effectiveness, mechanisms and contextual factors influencing education programmes remain poorly understood. Realist approaches are fairly novel in pharmacy practice research. This realist synthesis aims to answer the question: to what extent do pharmacy prescribing education programs work (or not), for whom and under what circumstances, and why?

Methods And Analysis: A realist methodology (realist synthesis) will be used to review the outcomes of programmes.