Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Additional Cardiovascular Outcomes in the PREDIMED Trial: An Outcome-Wide Perspective.

Background And Aims: Olive oil, increasingly consumed in the U.S., has been inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Association Between Oxidative-Inflammation Biomarkers and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in People with High Cardiovascular Risk: A Nested Case-Control Study.

: To assess oxidative-inflammatory biomarker prediction of incident CKD after 1-year follow-up in a population with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. : Prospective nested case-control study comprising 117 CKD incident cases and 117 matched controls free of CKD after 1-year follow-up conducted in 55-75-year-old participants. Controls were time-matched 1:1 to cases by intervention group, age (≤65 vs.

Comparison of an Energy-Reduced Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity Versus an Ad Libitum Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes : A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Limited research has been done to evaluate the combined effect of energy reduction, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), and physical activity on type 2 diabetes incidence.

Objective: To evaluate whether an energy-reduced MedDiet (erMedDiet) plus physical activity reduces diabetes incidence compared with a standard MedDiet.

Design: Prespecified secondary outcome analysis in the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea)-Plus randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial.

Alcohol, Smoking, and Their Synergy as Risk Factors for Incident Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: Smoking has been independently related to an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes, whereas the role of alcohol remains controversial. The joint impact of tobacco and alcohol use on Type 2 diabetes risk is understudied. This study investigated individual and combined effects of smoking and alcohol on Type 2 diabetes risk.

Nut consumption, gut microbiota, and cognitive function: findings from a prospective study in older adults at risk of cognitive decline.

Background: The diet-microbiota-gut-brain axis emerges as a promising target for preventing neurodegenerative disorders. Nuts are nutrient-dense foods with potential neuroprotective and prebiotic properties, yet their relationship with longitudinal cognitive changes and gut microbiota remains unclear.

Objective: To assess the association of baseline nut consumption with 6-year changes in cognitive function and baseline gut microbiota composition in older adults.

Life's Simple 7 and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease: Results from the PREDIMED Study and an Updated Meta-Analysis.

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major vascular condition often overlooked in prevention strategies. We aimed to evaluate the association between cardiovascular health, measured by Life's Simple 7 (LS7), and the risk of PAD in a high-risk Mediterranean population.

Methods: This prospective analysis included 7122 participants from the PREDIMED study (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) at high cardiovascular risk but free of cardiovascular disease at baseline.

Validation of dietary assessment methods for PFOS exposure using biomonitoring data in a senior population with metabolic syndrome.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure through diet represents an escalating public health concern due to its bioaccumulation and potential adverse health effects. This study aimed to validate the assessment of dietary PFOS intake by examining the relationship between estimated dietary intake and plasma PFOS concentrations in 196 participants with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome from Spain. PFOS dietary intake was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and using EFSA's updated PFOS food concentration data.

Evaluation of Physical Activity, Sedentary Patterns, and Lifestyle Behavior in Spanish Preschool Children from the CORALS Cohort.

Background: Physical activity (PA) and sedentary lifestyle are recognized as modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Healthy habits in early childhood tend to persist throughout life. This study aims to evaluate the physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns in a cohort of Spanish preschool children using device-based measures, and compare these patterns by sex.

Food biodiversity and mortality in older Mediterranean adults with high cardiovascular risk.

The food system is a key determinant of population and planetary health. As the "one planet, one health" approach gains momentum, evaluating "food biodiversity" and its association with mortality in high-risks populations is increasingly important. Hence, we evaluated the associations of food biodiversity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a Spanish cohort of older adults at high cardiovascular risks.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet to prevent or delay hepatic steatosis: a longitudinal analysis within the PREDIMED study.

Background: Little is known about the potential preventive effect of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Aim: This study aims to determine the impact of adherence to the MedDiet on the progression of MASLD, measured using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) at baseline and annually over a 5-year follow-up period within the framework of the (PREDIMED) study.

Method: Participants from the PREDIMED trial with sufficient available data ( = 3,145) were examined annually over 5 years.

Mediterranean Diet, Semen Quality, and Medically Assisted Reproductive Outcomes in the Male Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Environmental pollution, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy dietary patterns have been hypothesized as the main modifiable factors of human semen quality decline. The study aimed to assess the associations between an a priori-defined Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence and semen quality parameters or medically assisted reproductive (MAR) outcomes in males. A systematic review was conducted with studies from PubMed, Embase, or Scopus databases until October 2024.

The Nutritional Profile of Spanish Beverages: A Comparative Evaluation of the Original and Updated Nutri-Score Algorithm.

: In response to criticism and limitations of the Nutri-Score Nutrient Profiling Model (NS-NPM), the algorithm was updated in 2023. However, its impact on beverage classification remains partially assessed. : This study aimed to compare the nutritional profiles of beverages marketed in Spain using the original and updated NS-NPM algorithms.

Nutritional content and promotional practices of foods for infants and young children on the spanish market: a cross-sectional product evaluation.

The first 1000 days of life are crucial for health, making it essential that foods for infants and young children (FIYC) meet high nutritional standards, as defined by the World Health Organization's (WHO) Nutrient and Promotion Profile Model (NPPM). There is high reliance on commercially available highly processed FIYC for children under 3 years of age, and a growing market. The aim of this study is to analyse the nutrient profiles of FIYC using the WHO NPPM and determine the proportion of products available in Spain suitable for promotion.

Dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year changes in cognitive function in older adults with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome.

The protective role of dietary vitamin D intake on cognitive function is of interest, but evidence remains inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year cognitive changes in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. This longitudinal study comprised 5454 individuals (aged 55-75 years in men and 60-75 years in women) who exhibited overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Multi-omics approach identifies gut microbiota variations associated with depression.

The gut microbiota plays a potential role in the pathophysiology of depression through the gut-brain axis. This cross-sectional study in 400 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus study investigates the interplay between gut microbiota and depression using a multi-omics approach. Depression was defined as antidepressant use or high Beck Depression Inventory-II scores.

Cross-sectional associations between Mediterranean diet and body composition in preschool children. CORAL study.

Background: Overweight and obesity in children are rising globally, and the Mediterranean diet may help reduce obesity and related diseases.

Objective: To assess the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and body composition in Spanish preschool children.

Methods: This study included 1218 children aged 3-6 years from the CORALS cohort.

The link between ultra-processed food consumption, fecal microbiota, and metabolomic profiles in older mediterranean adults at high cardiovascular risk.

Background: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been linked to adverse metabolic outcomes, potentially mediated by alterations in gut microbiota and metabolite production.

Objective: This study aims to explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between NOVA-classified UPF consumption, fecal microbiota, and fecal metabolome in a population of Mediterranean older adults at high cardiovascular risk.

Methods: A total of 385 individuals, aged between 55 and 75 years, were included in the study.

Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and leisure-time physical activity are associated with reduced initiation of antidepressant, anxiolytic, antipsychotic and antiseizure drug use in older adults: a cohort study.

Background: We explored how adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) impact psychoactive medication use in older adults.

Methods: We assessed the cumulative MedDiet adherence and LTPA's impact on mental health medication initiation in older individuals at high risk of chronic disease. Associations between the cumulative average of MedDiet adherence (per one-point increase in the adherence score) and LTPA (per increase in 20 metabolic equivalents of task-minute/day [METs-min/day]) with drug initiation were assessed by multivariable Cox regressions.

Mediterranean Diet, Physical Activity, and Bone Health in Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Understanding the effects of diet and physical activity on bone health may help to mitigate concomitant weight loss- and age-related bone deterioration.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a weight-loss lifestyle intervention on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and low BMD prevalence.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The 3-year, parallel-group Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea-Plus (PREDIMED-Plus) randomized clinical trial was conducted at recruiting centers in Spain from October 2013 to December 2016.

Pasta Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risks in Older Adults with Overweight/Obesity: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Objective: Low Glycemic Index (GI) diets improve cardiometabolic risk (CMR) specifically in those with insulin resistance. However, the prospective association between pasta (a low GI staple) consumption and CMR is unclear. We evaluated the longitudinal association of pasta consumption with CMR (after 2 y: body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP); after 1 y: fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) in ∼6000 older adults (50% women) at high CMR.

Prospective association of changes in (poly)phenol intake, body weight and physical activity with inflammatory profile.

Backgrounds And Aim: To prospectively evaluate the associations between changes in (poly)phenol intake, body weight(BW), and physical activity(PA) with changes in an inflammatory score after 1-year.

Methods And Results: This is a prospective observational analysis involving 484 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus with available inflammatory measurements. (Poly)phenol intake was estimated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the Phenol-Explorer database.

Association between dietary intake estimated levels of PCDD/Fs and human sperm quality.

This study aimed to investigate the association between estimated dietary intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and human sperm quality. This study cross-sectionally assessed the associations between estimated dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and sperm quality parameters in 200 participants aged 18-40 years from the Led-Fertyl study. Linear regression models, accounting for potential confounding variables, were employed to evaluate the relationships.

Validity of the MED4CHILD tool for assessing adherence to the Mediterranean diet in preschool children.

Unlabelled: Most of the available tools to assess adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) were constructed for adults, having limited applicability to children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to validate a specific questionnaire to assess adherence to MedDiet in children aged 3 to 6 years (MED4CHILD questionnaire). The validation was performed in a baseline examination of a cohort of children who were recruited in schools in seven cities.

Dietary vitamin D intake and changes in body composition over three years in older adults with metabolic syndrome.

Background: Adequate intake of vitamin D through diet may offer benefits in terms of body composition.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between dietary vitamin D intake and changes in body composition in older adults over one and three years under the context of a weight loss and lifestyle behavioral intervention.

Design: Longitudinal study.

Effect of an intensive lifestyle intervention on cystatin C-based kidney function in adults with overweight and obesity: From the PREDIMED-Plus trial.

Background: Large-scale trials evaluating a multicomponent lifestyle intervention aimed at weight loss on kidney function are lacking.

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of the "PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-Plus" (PREDIMED-Plus) randomized controlled trial, including patients with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome, measured cystatin C and creatinine. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to an intensive weight loss lifestyle intervention (intervention group [IG]) consisting of an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), physical activity promotion and behavioral support, or a control group (CG) receiving ad libitum MedDiet recommendations.