Pediatric chest X-ray diagnosis using neuromorphic models.

This research presents an innovative neuromorphic method utilizing Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) to analyze pediatric chest X-rays (PediCXR) to identify prevalent thoracic illnesses. We incorporate spiking-based machine learning models such as Spiking Convolutional Neural Networks (SCNN), Spiking Residual Networks (S-ResNet), and Hierarchical Spiking Neural Networks (HSNN), for pediatric chest radiographic analysis utilizing the publically available benchmark PediCXR dataset. These models employ spatiotemporal feature extraction, residual connections, and event-driven processing to improve diagnostic precision.

Advances in EEG-based detection of Major Depressive Disorder using shallow and deep learning techniques: A systematic review.

The contemporary diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) primarily relies on subjective assessments and self-reported measures, often resulting in inconsistent and imprecise evaluations. To address this issue and facilitate early intervention, there is a growing interest in utilizing objective criteria such as Electroencephalography (EEG) features analyzed through Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. This systematic review explores the advances in EEG-based detection of MDD using both shallow and deep learning methods, with the aim of enhancing understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the disorder and identifying potential biomarkers for its diagnosis.

Developing a real-time hand-gesture recognition technique for wheelchair control.

At present, significant number of people in the world are having motor disabilities. They need to use wheelchair for performing regular movements and activities. However, there are a lot of issues and challenges in using the conventional wheelchairs.

Fly ash pollution causes morpho-anatomical and biochemical changes in Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms and Pistia stratiotes L: demonstrating stress-tolerant activity.

This study aims to explore the impact of fly ash (FA) on two types of free-floating aquatic plants, Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes, growing in two different locations. The stress caused by FA has led to a significant biochemical alteration in several leaf properties, including ascorbic acid, relative water, and chlorophyll, as well as anatomical changes in leaf, petiole, and stolon in the growing plants at highly contaminated sites (HCS) relative to the low contaminated site (LCS). According to the study, HCS plants lose total chlorophyll overall, have shallower ascorbic acid levels, and have higher RWC than LCS plants.

Detection of Salmonella Typhi and blaCTX-M genes in drinking water, wastewater, and environmental biofilms in Sindh Province, Pakistan.

Typhoid fever poses a significant public health risk, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to clean water and improved sanitation may be limited. In Pakistan, this risk is especially serious given the emergence of an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi strain, a strain attributed to S. Typhi acquisition of the blaCTX-M-15 gene.

Biosynthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Peel Followed by Photocatalytic, Antibacterial, and Antioxidative Nanotherapeutic Attributes Assessment Supported by Computer Simulation.

Introduction: ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable multifunctionality, particularly in biomedical and environmental applications.

Methods: The study synthesized ZnO NPs using Blanco peel extracts. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of ZnO NPs have been analyzed.

Study of factors affecting cellulose derivatives composite in anticancer drug delivery: A comprehensive review.

The targeted distribution of therapeutic molecules in cancer cells poses several challenges for biomedical applications. Drug delivery systems (DDS) are primarily designed to target cancer cells effectively to achieve maximum therapeutic effects. Cellulose is a well-known organic molecule owing to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, low toxicity, prolonged stability, and superior loading characteristics.

Predicting coronary heart disease with advanced machine learning classifiers for improved cardiovascular risk assessment.

Worldwide, coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of mortality, and its early prediction remains a critical challenge in clinical data analysis. Machine learning (ML) offers valuable diagnostic support by leveraging healthcare data to enhance decision-making and prediction accuracy. Although numerous studies have applied ML classifiers for heart disease prediction, their contributions often lack clarity in addressing key challenges.

Molecular transport through nano-sized multipores of lipid vesicles: a COMSOL simulation study.

Biomembranes regulate molecular transport essential to cellular function and numerous biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and gene therapy. This study simulates molecular transport through nano-sized multipores in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) using COMSOL Multiphysics. We analyzed the diffusion dynamics of fluorescent probes-including Calcein, Texas-red dextran 3000 (TRD- 3k), TRD- 10k, and Alexa Fluor-labeled soybean trypsin inhibitor (AF-SBTI)-across different pore sizes, and derived rate constants using curve fitting that closely align with experimental data.

A novel decision ensemble framework: Attention-customized BiLSTM and XGBoost for speculative stock price forecasting.

Forecasting speculative stock prices is essential for effective investment risk management and requires innovative algorithms. However, the speculative nature, volatility, and complex sequential dependencies within financial markets present inherent challenges that necessitate advanced techniques. In this regard, a novel framework, ACB-XDE (Attention-Customized BiLSTM-XGB Decision Ensemble), is proposed for predicting the daily closing price of speculative stock Bitcoin-USD (BTC-USD).

Cellulose-Based Nanofibers Infused with Biotherapeutics for Enhanced Wound-Healing Applications.

Nanofibers fabricated from various materials such as polymers, carbon, and semiconductors have been widely used for wound healing and tissue engineering applications due to their excellent nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties. Nanofibers with a diameter in the nanometer range possess a larger surface area per unit mass permitting easier addition of surface functionalities and release of biotherapeutics incorporated compared with conventional polymeric microfibers. Henceforth, nanofibers are a choice for fabricating scaffolds for the management of wound healing.

Appraisal of groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in highly vulnerable coastal area of Bangladesh.

Groundwater contamination is a significant threat to water security in Bangladesh, especially in coastal areas influenced by salinity intrusion and geogenic pollutants. The study has collected 48 groundwater samples and analyzed 16 water quality parameters to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes in a highly vulnerable coastal area of Bangladesh. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI), Metal Index (MI), and Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) were used to assess drinking water quality.

Advancing nanocellulose-based biosensors: pioneering eco-friendly solutions for biomedical applications and sustainable material replacement.

The escalating demand for sustainable and high-performance biosensing technologies has intensified interest in nanocellulose-based biosensors as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional materials. Nanocellulose, derived from abundant natural sources, offers remarkable properties such as high surface area, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and chemical versatility, making it highly suitable for biosensing applications. This review delves into the synthesis, functionalization, and diverse applications of nanocellulose materials, particularly bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), in the development of advanced biosensors.

Calcined clay-substituted sustainable cement binders: a holistic review.

The inclusion of clays in concrete not only reduces the production of Portland cement (PC) and the consumption of raw materials but also offers an alternative to PC that can significantly lower CO emissions during calcination, along with requiring relatively less thermal energy compared to PC production. This effect can considerably reduce global warming and climate change issues. This paper reviews the effect of calcined clay (CC) substitution, particularly calcined bentonite (CB) and metakaolin (MK), on the fresh (including reaction characteristics), fundamental mechanical, and durability (including permeability, and acidic and corrosion attack resistance) properties.

Lung Segmentation with Lightweight Convolutional Attention Residual U-Net.

Examining chest radiograph images (CXR) is an intricate and time-consuming process, sometimes requiring the identification of many anomalies at the same time. Lung segmentation is key to overcoming this challenge through different deep learning (DL) techniques. Many researchers are working to improve the performance and efficiency of lung segmentation models.

Dynamically Tunable Magnon-Magnon Coupling in a Perpendicular Anisotropy Magnetic Garnet-Ferromagnet Bilayer.

We experimentally explore the interfacial coherent spin pumping in the magnon-magnon hybridized regime of a perpendicular anisotropy ferrimagnetic insulator (Bi-substituted yttrium iron garnet, or BiYIG) and ferromagnetic metal (permalloy, or Py) bilayer. In addition to the interfacial exchange coupling-induced avoided crossings between the uniform modes of BiYIG and Py, we observe that the gap opening can be tailored by changing the relative orientations of the BiYIG and Py magnetizations due to a purely dynamic interaction. The avoided-crossing gap opening is small (large) when BiYIG and Py magnetizations are nearly perpendicular (partially collinear) to each other, indicating that interfacial fieldlike torque from spin pumping plays a dominant role.

Optimization of PETG 3D printing parameters for the design and development of biocompatible bone implants.

The search for suitable manufacturing methods and the selection of biocompatible material with good mechanical properties is still a major challenge in implant development. polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) is a thermoplastic extensively utilized in biomedical applications, like tissue engineering, dental, scaffolds and surgery, because of its biocompatibility. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is gaining importance in wide range of applications for developing custom shaped medical implants.

Purification of ultrasonic assisted extracted chlorogenic acid from rind using macroporous adsorption resin (MPAR).

Recycling food waste to extract valuable bioactive compounds (BAC) offers a groundbreaking solution to mitigate environmental challenges. The isolation and purification of BAC from food waste are getting more attention to maintain environmental sustainability. The therapeutic potential of these compounds highlights the need for innovative approaches to extracting and purifying them from by-products.

Mechanistic insights into fluoranthene degradation: Activation of peroxymonosulfate by mackinawite and pyrite in aqueous solution and soil slurry.

The slow regeneration of Fe(II) in conventional Fenton and Fenton-like systems poses significant limitations for sustained and continuous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is critical for effective pollutant degradation. This study investigates the use of iron sulfide minerals-specifically, mackinawite (FeS) and pyrite (FeS)-as both activators and reductants in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based Fenton-like systems to enhance Fe(II) regeneration and improve pollutant degradation efficiency. Results demonstrate that over 90 % of fluoranthene (FLT) was degraded within 60 min using the PMS/FeS and PMS/FeS systems.

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Neuropharmacological Potential of Syngonium podophyllum Flower Methanolic Extract: Insights From In Vivo, In Vitro, In Silico, and GC-MS/MS Analysis.

Syngonium (S.) podophyllum L. is recognized for its diverse applications.

Tailoring the thermal and thermomechanical characteristics of novel MAX phase boron composites in high-temperature applications.

MAX phase composites are gaining great attention for their excellent attributes in high-temperature applications like aerospace, energy, and nuclear industries. However, tailoring their thermal and thermomechanical properties for better performance at elevated temperatures remains a significant challenge. Therefore, the aim of this study is to synthesize novel MAX phase boron (B) composites for high-temperature applications.

Retraction notice to "Bio-inspired based meta-heuristic approach for predicting the strength of fiber-reinforced based strain hardening cementitious composites" [Heliyon 9 (2023) e21601].

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

Retraction notice to "Ionanofluid flow through a triangular grooved microchannel heat sink: Thermal heightening" [Heliyon 9 (2023) e18938].

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

Retraction notice to "Enhanced electrochemical performance with exceptional capacitive retention in Ce-Co MOFs/TiCT nanocomposite for advanced supercapacitor applications" [Heliyon 10 (2024) e36540].

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using 3D urchin-like TiO@rGO-hBN architecture.

3D urchin-like TiO@rGO-hBN architectures were produced by a hydrothermal method, followed by a cold plasma jet process. The morphology, crystal structure, composition and photocatalytic performance of the 3D urchin-like TiO@rGO-hBN architectures towards methylene blue (MB) were evaluated using SEM, Raman, XRD, EDS and UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometry. The obtained results indicated that under the same conditions, the MB degradation efficiencies were ∼72%, ∼81%, ∼87%, and ∼98% for 3D urchin-like TiO, 3D urchin-like TiO@rGO, 3D urchin-like TiO@hBN, and 3D urchin-like TiO@rGO-hBN, respectively, within 70 min under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation with a wavelength of 365 nm.