Hybridization Directionality Governs the Interaction Strength between MoS and Metals.

Gold-assisted exfoliation has emerged as an effective method for producing large-area monolayers of two-dimensional materials, yet its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. While other metals also hold promise for facilitating large-area exfoliation, their practical application is hindered by oxidation in air. To address this, we fabricate heterostructures of monolayer MoS with polycrystalline gold, silver, copper, palladium, cobalt, and nickel via direct mechanical exfoliation of bulk molybdenite under controlled atmospheric conditions.

Complete wetting and drying at sinusoidal walls.

We investigate complete wetting and drying at sinusoidally corrugated solid walls, focusing on the effects of wall geometry and interaction range. Two distinct interaction models are considered: one incorporating only short-ranged (SR) forces (applied to drying), and another including long-ranged (LR) van der Waals interactions (applied to wetting). The SR model is analyzed within the framework of nonlocal Hamiltonian theory by Parry et al.

Influence of the Growth Parameters on RF-Sputtered CNTs and Their Temperature-Selective Application in Gas Sensors.

This work deals with the peculiarities of the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and with the effect of deposition parameters on the RF sputtering. In the deposition process, a type of plasma gas, power of the RF generator, deposition time of catalysts, and a type of catalyst metals were modified to reveal the impact of these changes on the CNT's growth. The obtained nanostructures were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Raman spectroscopies.

Low Ecotoxicological Impact of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Composites Doped with 2D Carbon-Based Nanoadditives.

Magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) is gaining attention as a sustainable alternative to Portland cement. Its mechanical performance and water resistance may be enhanced by reinforcement with two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO). However, the ecotoxicological impact of these composites, determining their implementation, remains largely unexplored.

Pathogenic XPO1 variants cause a dominant neurodevelopmental disorder.

Purpose: XPO1 functions in key cellular processes, including nucleo-cytoplasmic export and mitosis. The gene is deleted in a subset of patients with the 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome, however no monogenic XPO1-related disorder has been described to date.

Elution revolution: Reversing chiral recognition by swapping d- for l-cellulose.

Chirality is a fundamental feature involved in most biological processes. While it can be rather readily observed on the molecular or microscopic level, enantioselective interactions on the macroscopic level are not as well understood. We chemically synthesized l-cellulose, the enantiomer of native cellulose with chains of different length by polymerizing an l-glucose-based precursor.

Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Binder-Free Fluorine-Vanadium-Doped CoMoO Nanosheets via In Situ MXene Integration for Energy Storage Applications.

Designing an affordable device that seamlessly combines efficient electrochemical energy storage with straightforward, robust protocols represents a promising pathway for ushering in the next generation of green power solutions and fostering a sustainable society. In this work, CoMoO, vanadium-doped CoMoO (V-CoMoO), and fluorine-vanadium-doped CoMoO (F-V-CoMoO) were synthesized in situ on nickel foam (NF) using a hydrothermal method, followed by thermal treatment, resulting in a hierarchical structure with interconnected nanosheets and open porous channels. VC MXene was used as the vanadium source, which was fully oxidized during the synthesis.

Volatility, thermodynamic properties and dispersion interactions of sulfur-containing tricyclic molecular materials.

Organic heterocyclic molecules play the role of precursors for various sophisticated materials from semiconductors to pharmaceuticals. Knowledge of their volatility is always an important factor to minimize hazards associated with their use and potential toxicity. Nevertheless, thermodynamic properties of polycyclic heterocycles have been very scarcely studied experimentally.

Synthesis of Monothiacalix[4]arene Using the Fragment Condensation Approach.

The article describes a simple and scalable preparation of 2-monothiacalix[4]arene , the simplest representative of the mixed-bridged (CH and S) calix[4]arenes. The synthesis is based on the condensation of linear building blocks (bisphenols), which are relatively readily available, and allows, depending on the conditions, the use of two alternative reaction routes that provide macrocycle in high yield. The dynamic behavior of the basic macrocyclic skeleton was investigated using NMR spectroscopy at variable temperatures.

Selected Pentacyclic Triterpenoids and Their Derivatives as Biologically Active Compounds.

Medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicines all over the world to treat human diseases throughout human history. Many of the medicinal plants have frequently become food and nutrition plants. A more sophisticated investigation resulted in discovering numbers of biologically important secondary metabolites of plants.

Crack-Mitigating Strategy in Directed Energy Deposition of Refractory Complex Concentrated CrNbTiZr Alloy.

The conventional manufacturing of refractory complex concentrated alloys (RCCAs) for high-temperature applications is complicated, particularly when material costs and high melting points of the materials processed are considered. Additive manufacturing (AM) could provide an effective alternative. However, the extreme temperatures involved represent significant challenges for manufacturing defect-free alloys using this approach.

Evaluation of the Impact of the LPBF Manufacturing Conditions on Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviour in 3.5 wt.% NaCl of the WE43 Magnesium Alloy.

This work expands the processing window of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing of WE43 magnesium alloy by evaluating laser powers and scanning speeds up to 400 W and 1200 mm/s, and their effect on densification, microstructure, and electrochemical performance. Relative density of 99.9% was achieved for 300 W and 800 mm/s, showing that the use of high laser power is not a limitation for the manufacturing of Mg alloys, as has been usually considered.

Ferroptosis Induction by a New Pyrrole Derivative in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Colorectal Cancer.

Ferroptosis-inducing agents are an emerging class of nonapoptotic, iron-dependent compounds for anticancer chemotherapy. We describe the synthesis of new aroyl diheterocyclyl pyrrole derivatives . Compound exhibited the most potent in vitro anticancer activity against breast cancer (BC), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, as well as significant efficacy in an HCT116 CRC xenograft model.

Synthesis of 1-Fluoroalkyl-5-Substituted-1,2,3-Triazoles from Carbonyl-Stabilized Phosphonium Ylides.

A mild, rapid, and regioselective cyclization of azidofluoroalkanes with carbonyl-stabilized phosphonium ylides, resulting in the formation of 1-fluoroalkyl-5-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles, is presented. The synthetic method tolerates air and water, works at room temperature in a benign solvent, and is metal-free. Both starting materials are commercially available and easily prepared.

Nonclassical Crystallization of the L‑Tartrate Salt of Cyamemazine.

This study investigates the nonclassical crystallization of cyamemazine L-tartrate, a kryptoracemic salt of the antipsychotic drug cyamemazine. The crystallization pathway was studied via slurry conversion of a suspension of cyamemazine and L-tartaric acid in 2-propanol to the salt. Notably, the system transitioned through an intermediate droplet phase, which subsequently coalesced to form a dense phase.

Anisotropic Magneto-Optical Raman Response Coupled with Magnetic Ordering in an A-Type Antiferromagnet.

Magneto-optical effects serve as powerful tools for probing magnetic order and spin-related couplings, yet anisotropic spin-phonon coupling in low-dimensional systems remains underexplored. Here, we uncover an anisotropic magneto-optical Raman response in the A-type van der Waals antiferromagnet CrSBr, where intrinsic lattice anisotropy and quasi-one-dimensional magnetism enable anisotropic spin-phonon interactions. Using polarization- and angle-resolved Raman spectroscopy, we identify that the ratio |/| of the mode's Raman tensor elements undergoes a dramatic change across the Néel temperature, serving as a hallmark of the paramagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic phase transition.

Eyes on the Prize: Tracking Electron Transfer in G-Rich Duplex and Quadruplex DNA Using Enantiopure Ruthenium Polypyridyl Infrared Redox Probes.

Photosensitized damage by the mechanism of direct 1e transfer from a nucleobase to the metal complex is a complementary approach to type I and type II methods of photodynamic therapy. In this ultrafast spectroscopic study we report the ability of a nitrile infrared redox probe to report on the photo-oxidation of guanine-rich DNA, comprising persistent runs of guanine, by the dppz-10-CN containing complex [Ru(TAP)(dppz-10-CN)] (), dppz-10-CN = 10-cyano-dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine and TAP = 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene. Our study reveals the ability of the enantiomers of to photo-oxidize guanine in double-stranded and quadruplex DNA.

Investigation of novel nimesulide derivatives against breast cancer.

This study focused on the synthesis of novel nimesulide semicarbazone derivatives and the evaluation of their cytotoxic potential against luminal-A (MCF-7) and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, their effects on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway modulation were investigated. Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy among women, with luminal-A and triple-negative subtypes posing significant therapeutic challenges due to drug resistance and the lack of effective targeted treatments.

Impact of Species, Growth Conditions, and Plant Processing on the Phytochemistry and Antimicrobial Activity of Agrimonia Extracts.

Agrimonia eupatoria L., a herb used in traditional medicine, contains numerous secondary metabolites with beneficial properties. However, its phytochemistry, and consequently bioactivity, can be strongly influenced by various cultivation and processing factors.

LOMS.cz computational platform for high-throughput classical and combinatorial Judd-Ofelt analysis and rare-earth spectroscopy.

We present LOMS.cz (Luminescence, Optical and Magneto-optical Software), an open-source computational platform that addresses the long-standing challenge of standardizing Judd-Ofelt (JO) calculations in rare-earth spectroscopy. Despite JO theory's six-decade history as the fundamental framework for understanding [Formula: see text] transitions, the field lacks standardized computational methodologies for precise and reproducible parameter determination.

Molecular spectroscopy of blood plasma differentiates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis from steatosis.

Background: Vibrational and chiroptical spectroscopy of blood plasma is an advanced experimental diagnostic approach that allows the identification of disease-specific molecular patterns. This study aimed to test its potential to distinguish between different stages of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) including liver fibrosis.

Methods: We analyzed blood plasma samples from 29 patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and 24 MASLD patients with simple steatosis using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy to distinguish: (i) MASH; (ii) MASH with moderate to advanced fibrosis; and (iii) overall fibrosis.

Synthetic and semi-synthetic antioxidants in medicine and food industry: a review.

Oxidative stress is recognized as both a causative and contributing factor in many human diseases. As a result, significant research has been devoted to the development of synthetic and semi-synthetic antioxidants (ATs). This review summarizes the therapeutic potential of synthetic ATs, explores their possible clinical applications, and highlights novel structural modifications aimed at improving their pharmacological properties.

Non-cognate ligands of hepatitis C virus envelope broadly neutralizing antibodies induce virus-neutralizing sera in mice.

Introduction: The persistent rise in new Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections threatens WHO efforts to eliminate HCV infection by 2030. Although direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs are efficacious, access remains limited, reinfections occur, and perinatal infections continue to pose long-term complications. Therefore, an effective anti-HCV vaccine is urgently needed.

Retrospective Benchmarking and Novel Shape-Pharmacophore Based Implementation of the MORLD Method for the Autonomous Optimization of 3-Aroyl-1,4-diarylpyrroles (ARDAP).

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integral to the drug-discovery process, and among AI-driven methodologies, deep generative models stand out as one of the most promising approaches for hit identification and optimization. Here, we report a retrospective benchmarking analysis of a series of tubulin inhibitors, 3-aroyl-1,4-diarylpyrroles (ARDAP), using the deep-generative algorithm Molecule Optimization by Reinforcement Learning and Docking (MORLD) in combination with five docking software (QuickVina 2, AutoDock-GPU, PLANTS, GOLD, and Glide). Our results indicate that the performance of the MORLD/docking workflow is highly dependent on the availability of initial structural information; only the incorporation of a core constraint in Glide yields satisfactory predictions.