Cell Culture in a Hyperbaric Chamber: A Research Model to Study the Effects of Hyperbarism (Hyperbaric Pressure) on Bone Cell Culture.

The hyperbaric environment, to which many categories of workers are exposed, can provoke injuries that can lead to various types of disorders. A major part of the studies aiming to explore the causes/effects leading to these injuries are conducted in vivo. In the present manuscript, we describe the effects on osteoblast cell cultures stressed in a hyperbaric purpose-built chamber, using an in vitro model to analyze the affected pathways.

Temporal perspectives, sensation-seeking, and cognitive distortions as predictors of adolescent gambling behavior: a study in Italian high schools.

Background: Adolescent gambling is an emerging concern, with increasing accessibility through digital platforms. Psychological factors such as sensation-seeking, cognitive distortions, and time perspectives may contribute to gambling behavior during this developmental period. Aims.

Wave scattering from graphene-covered circular dielectric wire collections analysed using the single-wire part inversion: diffraction radiation case.

We consider infrared (IR)-range diffraction radiation (DR) from finite configurations of circular graphene-covered dielectric nanowires excited by the density-modulated beam of charged particles. The beam velocity is assumed constant, and its field in the free space is considered as the incident one. The characterization of graphene employs the quantum-theory Kubo formalism and the resistive-sheet boundary conditions involving the frequency-dependent graphene surface impedance.

Analytically grounded full-wave methods for advances in computational electromagnetics.

This Theme Issue is a collection of original research and review papers focused on developing a class of well-established and innovative analytically grounded full-wave methods and their applications in computational electromagnetics. These methods are notable for their guaranteed convergence, meaning that the approximate solution obtained by discretizing and truncating the equation governing the problem at hand tends to the exact solution if the truncation order gets larger. Hence, unlike the numerical approximations with no mathematically guaranteed convergence, they do not require post-validation.

Scattering from a finite-length closed perfect electric conducting circular cylinder: a regularized full-wave analysis.

In this paper, a regularized full-wave analysis of electromagnetic scattering from a finite-length closed perfect electric conducting circular cylinder is presented. By exploiting the azimuthal symmetry of the problem, the classical electric field integral equation is reduced to an infinite set of systems of one-dimensional integral equations in the spectral domain and solved by applying the Galerkin method with expansion functions reconstructing the physical behaviour of the unknown induced surface current density. In this way, regularization and quick convergence are achieved.

Regularizing Helmholtz-Galerkin technique in the plane-wave scattering from a finite set of coplanar thin circular resistive discs.

This paper deals with the plane-wave scattering from a finite set of coplanar thin circular resistive discs in free space, i.e. discs of high conductivity materials with thicknesses very small with respect to the discs' radii and the free-space wavelength.

Activation of the visual system by space radiation: A novel study on Ca signalling in ex-vivo rabbit eyes exposed to visible light, X-rays and high-energy protons.

Space radiation interactions with the visual system have been the subject of many investigations, starting from astronauts reporting the perception of light flashes (visual illusions in absence of light stimuli). These perceptions have been attributed to single-ion hits, able to induce an electrophysiological response in the eye. Searching for a more general mechanism of radiation interaction with cortical neuronal networks and with sensory systems, a valuable hypothesis is that of the perturbation to calcium (Ca) homeostasis.

Assessing vaccination intentions and perceptions among pregnant women in Italy: A multicenter cross-sectional study in the context of mandatory policies and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background/objectives: Vaccinations significantly reduce the incidence of preventable diseases. Despite their benefits, childhood vaccination rates have declined in Italy since the mid-2010s, prompting the government to mandate certain vaccinations. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the intention to vaccinate their children and the perception of mandatory vaccinations among pregnant women in Italy after the COVID-19 pandemic and post-mandatory vaccination policies.

Impact of Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas on the Accuracy of Odorant Measurements.

Blending hydrogen with natural gas is emerging as a pivotal strategy in the transition to low-carbon energy systems. However, the exploitation of the natural gas infrastructure to distribute natural gas and hydrogen blends (and 100% hydrogen in the long-term) introduces several technical, economic, and safety issues. These latter are paramount, especially in urban distribution networks that supply residential buildings and dwellings, since the quality and safety of the living environment can also be significantly affected.

Diet with High Forage:Concentrate Ratio Improves Milk Nutritional Properties and Economic Sustainability of Buffalo Breeding.

The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of two dietary regimens, characterized by different forage-to-concentrate ratios, on feed intake, milk yield and composition, as well as economic and environmental sustainability in lactating buffalo cows. Group H was fed a high-forage diet, while Group L was fed a diet with a lower forage-to-concentrate ratio. Despite a lower energy value (Unit for Feed Lactation: UFL 0.

Biofeedback for Motor and Cognitive Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Non-Invasive Interventions.

(1) Background: Biofeedback and neurofeedback are gaining attention as non-invasive rehabilitation strategies in Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment, aiming to modulate motor and non-motor symptoms through the self-regulation of physiological signals. (2) Objective: This review explores the application of biofeedback techniques, electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback, heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback, and electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback in PD rehabilitation, analyzing their impacts on motor control, autonomic function, and cognitive performance. (3) Methods: This review critically examined 15 studies investigating the efficacy of electromyographic (EMG), heart rate variability (HRV), and electroencephalographic (EEG) feedback interventions in PD.

Do weight and BMI predict the results of surgical treatment with ESIN in pediatric tibial shaft fractures?

Background: Diaphyseal leg fractures are common in pediatric age, and the most used treatment is surgery using elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN). In the past, a cutoff of 50 kg was the limit of weight indication for the use of ESIN. In literature, the concept of BMI has recently been introduced to evaluate the results owing to an increase in the incidence of obesity in children; up to now, it has only been used in one study for the femur but never in the tibia, although more than one author suggests doing so.

Emotional neglect, hikikomori behaviors and internet gaming disorder in adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal study.

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has become a significant concern due to its potential impact on daily functioning, particularly among adolescents. Emotional neglect (EN) and hikikomori behaviors (HB) are two factors thought to influence IGD, yet their interplay remains underexplored. This study explores their longitudinal relationships guided by the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model.

Utility of computed tomography in children's ankle fractures from classification to surgical planning.

Background: Ankle fractures are common in the pediatric population. Plain radiographs provide sufficient information for the diagnosis, but computed tomography (CT) can help to study the configuration of fracture and to plan fixation. Our study aims to study pediatric population with ankle fracture, understanding whether CT scans should be extended to all ankle fractures admitted to the Orthopaedic Department after a first radiographic evaluation, independent of the pattern of physeal plate fracture.

Cannabidiol attenuates epileptic phenotype and increases survival in a mouse model of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy type 1.

Objective: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy type 1 (DEE1) is a rare drug-resistant pediatric epilepsy caused by trinucleotide repeat expansions in the X-linked ARX gene, leading to elongation of the first polyalanine tract. It presents with early onset tonic seizures or spasms, developmental and cognition delay, and high risk of premature mortality. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of highly purified cannabidiol (CBD) in Arx mice, a genetic DEE1 model that replicates key features of the human condition.

Exposure to 26.5 GHz, 5G modulated and unmodulated signal, does not affect key cellular endpoints of human neuroblastoma cells.

The fifth generation (5G) network is currently being worldwide spread out, raising questions about its potential health impact. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of a 26.5 GHz 5G electromagnetic field on key cellular endpoints of human neuroblastoma cells.

Effect of Synthesis and Processing Conditions on the Sintering Behavior and Total Conductivity of High-Entropy Fluorite/Bixbyite Oxides (RE-HEOs).

This study explores the influence of two different synthesis methods on the sintering behavior of three novel high-entropy oxides possibly suitable for thermal barrier applications: (CeZrYbErNd)O, (CeZrYbErLa)O, and (CeNdYbErLa)O. Rare-Earth-based High-Entropy Oxides (RE-HEOs), recently known for their exceptional thermal stability and compositional flexibility, have gained increasing attention as potential candidates for many advanced technological applications. Thus, our current work focuses on the specific effects of synthesis techniques, namely co-precipitation and hydrothermal treatment, on the entropy-driven stabilization, microstructure, electrochemical properties, and sintering behavior of three novel RE-HEOs.

A systematic review with meta-analysis on the efficacy of 0.01% atropine eyedrops in preventing myopia progression in worldwide children's populations.

Introduction: Atropine eyedrops have long been used off-label to prevent myopia progression in children, and many clinical trials have been published on this topic in the past 30 years. Trials initially tested doses ranging from 0.01% to 1%, but more recently, the interest has turned to low doses, mainly 0.

Prolonged neck proprioceptive vibratory stimulation prevents the self-motion misperception induced by neck muscle fatigue: immediate and sustained effects.

A recent study has shown that fatigue of the posterior neck muscles, induced by prolonged isometric contractions, causes self-motion misperception. The present study investigates whether focal vibration of the posterior neck muscles can prevent or abolish it. Self-motion perception was assessed by analyzing the tracking of a ground-fixed visual target during passive sinusoidal horizontal trunk rotation, both symmetric and asymmetric, with a stationary head.

Addressing the Underestimated Burden of RSV in Older Adults in Europe: Epidemiology, Surveillance Gaps, and Public Health Implications.

Background/objectives: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs), posing a serious threat to vulnerable populations. Although growing evidence highlights its significant impact on older adults, RSV surveillance and data collection remain largely focused on children, underestimating the burden in older and high-risk adults. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the epidemiological and clinical impact of RSV in older adults in Europe, assess existing surveillance strategies, and identify gaps to guide targeted public health responses.

Industrial-Grade Graphene Films as Distributed Temperature Sensors.

This paper investigates the feasibility of a multi-purpose use of thin films of industrial-grade graphene, adopted initially to realize advanced coatings for thermal management or electromagnetic shielding. Indeed, it is demonstrated that such coatings can be conveniently used as distributed temperature sensors based on the sensitivity of their electrical resistance to temperature. The study is carried out by characterizing three nanomaterials differing in the percentage of graphene nanoplatelets in the temperature range from -40 °C to +60 °C.

Psychosocial profiles and motivations for adolescent engagement in hazardous games: the role of boredom, peer influence, and self-harm tendencies.

Background: Adolescents' engagement in hazardous games has increased in recent years, presenting significant risks to physical and psychological well-being. These behaviors are often driven by complex psychosocial factors, including boredom, peer influence, and impulsivity. Understanding the specific motivations and profiles within this demographic is essential for developing effective interventions.

Leaky Wave Generation Through a Phased-Patch Array.

For this article, we approximated the field of a leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with the field produced by a uniform linear array (ULA). This article aims to provide an initial framework for applications where the generation of an inhomogeneous wave is wished, but, at the same time, a flexibility is required that is difficult to meet with the conventional LWA design. In particular, two different configurations were considered, one with a simple Menzel antenna operating at 12 GHz, and one, relevant for practical applications, with an antenna operating at 2.

Resting-state functional MRI metrics to detect freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a machine learning approach.

Among the symptoms that can occur in Parkinson's disease (PD), Freezing of Gait (FOG) is a disabling phenomenon affecting a large proportion of patients, and it remains not fully understood. Accurate classification of FOG in PD is crucial for tailoring effective interventions and is necessary for a better understanding of its underlying mechanisms. In the present work, we applied four Machine Learning (ML) classifiers (Decision Tree - DT, Random Forest - RF, Multilayer Perceptron - MLP, Logistic Regression - LOG) to different four metrics derived from resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) data processing to assess their accuracy in automatically classifying PD patients based on the presence or absence of Freezing of Gait (FOG).