Irisin modulates granulosa cell function in chicken ovarian follicles: Effects on viability, gene expression, and progesterone secretion.

Irisin, a myokine/adipokine released during physical activity, has attracted attention for its regulatory effects on various physiological processes, including metabolism and reproduction. This study was performed to investigate the presence of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in chicken granulosa cells (GCs) using immunocytochemistry and to assess the effect of irisin, the extracellular fragment of FNDC5, on these cells, which play a crucial role in progesterone (P4) production and follicle maturation. We measured cell viability, mRNA expression of the luteinising hormone receptor (LHR), the expression of steroidogenic genes (StAR, CYP11A1, and 3BHSD), and P4 secretion in GCs of chicken ovarian follicles.

Fortification of Durum Wheat Pasta with Nut Oil Cake: Effects on Nutritional and Technological Properties.

The study aimed to produce semolina pasta enriched with walnut or hazelnut oil cake and to investigate its nutritional and technological properties. The pasta was prepared by substituting 10% of semolina with walnut or hazelnut oil cakes. The chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and culinary characteristics of the pasta were determined.

Comparative Transcriptome and MicroRNA Profiles of Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Fibroblasts, and Their Extracellular Vesicles.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising tool in regenerative medicine due to their ability to secrete paracrine factors that modulate tissue repair. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs contain bioactive molecules (e.g.

External Glands of Traps: Structure and Potential Function.

L. species (tropical pitcher plants) are a classic example of carnivorous plants. The traps are highly specialized pitchers with a zoned structure.

Coupled Bone-Muscle Degeneration in Chronic Pancreatitis: A Juvenile Porcine Model of Secondary Osteosarcopenia.

Osteosarcopenia, characterized by concurrent bone loss and muscle wasting, significantly impacts mobility and quality of life. While age-related primary osteosarcopenia is well-studied, secondary osteosarcopenia (SOS) caused by chronic diseases remains poorly understood, particularly in young individuals. The present study aimed to comprehensively characterize musculoskeletal alterations associated with SOS using a juvenile porcine model of cerulein-induced chronic pancreatitis.

Effective Cryopreservation of Post Mortem-Collected Roe Deer Gametes by Evaluation of Post-Thaw Oocyte and Sperm Characteristics and In Vitro Fertilization.

The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of semen cryopreservation and oocyte vitrification in roe deer as a potential method of gamete preservation for endangered deer species. Sperm were isolated from the cauda epididymis of fourteen bucks ( = 14). The motility measure (CASA) and morphology of fresh semen (FS) and frozen-thawed semen (TS) were compared.

Herbicides in Use: Current Status and Perspectives in the Different Biogeographic Regions of Europe.

This review examines the use of herbicides across Europe's biogeographical regions, focusing on their historical development, regulatory framework, and environmental impacts. Since the 20th century, the use of herbicides has significantly increased agricultural productivity. However, the continuous use of herbicides with the same mode of action can lead to the development of resistant weeds, especially when low-diversity weed management strategies are employed.

Effect of climate, growing region, country of origin, and post-harvest processing on the of content chlorogenic acids (CGAs) and aromatic compounds in roasted coffee beans.

The paper presents an analysis of the content of caffeine, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds as well as the volatile compound profile and volatile compound emission intensity in relation to the cultivation parameters of the Typica variety of Arabica coffee from Peru, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Ethiopia. The study provides a detailed description of the cultivation and post-harvest parameters of the coffee types selected for the analyses. Special emphasis was placed on the analysis of the plantation altitude effect on instrumentally determined aromatic parameters and bioactive properties.

Evaluation of the Profile of Selected Bioactive Compounds and the Potential of Barley Wort Enriched with Malted and Unmalted Hemp Seeds for Brewing Applications.

The incorporation of Cannabis sativa L. seeds into barley wort was investigated to enhance the functional profile of beer. Hemp seeds (cv.

Macromycete Edible Fungi as a Functional Poultry Feed Additive: Influence on Health, Welfare, Eggs, and Meat Quality-Review.

Over the years, macromycete fungi have been used as a source of food, part of religious rites and rituals, and as a medicinal remedy. Species with strong health-promoting potential include , , , , , and . These species contain many bioactive compounds, including β-glucans, endo- and exogenous amino acids, polyphenols, terpenoids, sterols, B vitamins, minerals, and lovastatin.

The Effect of the Extraction Temperature on the Colligative, Hydrodynamic and Rheological Properties of Psyllium Husk Mucilage Raw Solutions.

The aim of the research was to analyse the effect of different extraction temperatures on the colligative, hydrodynamic, and rheological properties of a water-soluble AXs fractions. The research material consisted of raw water extracts of arabinoxylans obtained from the husk at the following temperatures: 40 °C (AX40), 60 °C (AX60), 80 °C (AX80), and 100 °C (AX100). These were characterised in terms of their hydrodynamic, osmotic, and rheological properties, as well as the average molecular mass of the polysaccharide fractions.

Hormonal Balance in Relation to Expression of Selected Genes Connected with Hormone Biosynthesis and Signalling-The Effect of Deacclimation Process in Oilseed Rape.

Global climate change is causing increasing fluctuations in winter temperatures, including episodes of warm conditions above 9 °C. Such events disrupt cold acclimation in plants and can induce deacclimation, reducing frost tolerance and altering, among other things, hormonal regulation. This study investigated hormonal and molecular changes associated with cold acclimation and deacclimation in oilseed rape ( L.

TRDMT1 methyltransferase gene knockout attenuates STING-based cell death signaling during self-extracellular RNA-mediated response in drug-induced senescent osteosarcoma cells.

Under stress conditions, endogenous biomolecules such as nucleic acids or proteins can be released from damaged cells and considered as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) activating innate immune system and context-dependent responses. In the present study, self-extracellular RNA was obtained from dying (RNA D) and senescent (RNA S) cellular models of osteosarcoma (OS), characterized by NGS, and tested against proliferating and non-proliferating (etoposide-indued senescent) OS cells (U-2 OS, SaOS-2, MG-63, 143B). RNA D and RNA S induced apoptosis, nitro-oxidative stress, nucleic acid sensing pathways and cytokine production, and RNA mC methyltransferase-based responses (TRDMT1 and NSUN2) in proliferating OS cells.

PGT-A in POSEIDON Patients - perspectives and limitations.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the likelihood of being able to perform PGT-A, and its results, in each POSEIDON group compared to their age-matched non-POSEIDON group.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 4 groups of POSEIDON patients (n=824) who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) The controls were non-POSEIDON patients in two age groups (<35 and ≥35 years old; n=360).

Results: The non-POSEIDON <35Y group had the highest number of embryos at the blastocyst stage that could be used for PGT-A (5.

Genetic and physiological influences on the rumen microbiome and metabolic status in Holstein cows.

Metabolic disorders in cows occur when physiological metabolic processes are disrupted, often due to nutritional imbalances. These disorders can significantly affect productivity, particularly in high-producing dairy breeds, such as Holsteins, especially during critical periods, including transition and early lactation. A key factor influencing nutritional efficiency is the rumen microbiome, which plays a vital role in fiber digestion, starch fermentation, and the production of VFA, as well as in microbial protein synthesis and vitamin synthesis.

Seroprevalence of equine leptospirosis in Poland (2019-2023).

Background: Leptospirosis in horses is associated with various clinical signs, potentially leading to fatal outcomes. Additionally, the disease may pose a zoonotic risk to individuals involved in handling infected animals. Implementing a serological monitoring programme in the equine population is one of the key tools used to reduce the risk of transmission of Leptospira infections to humans.

Models for sustainable management of livestock waste based on neural network architectures.

This study addresses the problem of minimizing the environmental impact of livestock production while improving the efficiency of livestock waste-to-energy conversion. A sustainable management approach based on neural network models is proposed and substantiated, focusing on predicting livestock waste generation and optimizing farm configurations. The novelty of this work lies in the development and validation of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network model tailored to regional and production characteristics of cattle farms in western Ukraine.

Decomposition rate and property changes of deadwood across an altitudinal gradient: a case study in the Babia Góra Massif, Poland.

The decomposition of deadwood is a key process in the biogeochemical cycle of forests, affecting water retention, soil structure and biodiversity. The aim of this study is to understand how the rate of deadwood decomposition changes depending on the location in the altitude gradient in mountain forest ecosystems. Additionally, the study investigates how the physical properties of wood vary with elevation.

A comparative review of short genetic variant databases across humans and animal species.

Understanding genetic variation is necessary to unravel the complexities of evolution and diverse traits across species. Short genetic variants (<50 bp in length) represent key genomic variations that play a crucial role in shaping the genetic landscape of populations. Human short genetic variant databases are often considered the gold standard for variant repositories, and this review compares them with variant databases created for various animal species.

Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Differences Between Rainbow Trout Eggs with High and Low Potential for Gynogenesis.

Background/objectives: Fish eggs activated with UV-irradiated spermatozoa and exposed to the High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) shock to inhibit first cell cleavage develop as gynogenetic Doubled Haploids (DHs) that are fully homozygous individuals. Due to the expression of the recessive genes and side effects of the gamete treatment, survival of fish DHs is rather low, and most of the mitotic gynogenotes die before hatching. Nevertheless, as maternal gene products provided during oogenesis control the initial steps of embryonic development in fish, a maternal effect on the survival of gynogenotes needs to be also considered to affect efficiency of gynogenesis.

Differential Impact of Zearalenone on Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Healthy and Ketotic Dairy Cows: An In Vitro Study.

Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin commonly present in maize-based feed, poses a health risk to dairy cows. While the hepatic effects of ZEN are increasingly studied, little is known about its impact on cows with altered energy metabolism. This study investigated the transcriptional response of liver cells isolated from healthy and ketotic cows to ZEN exposure using a novel in vitro model.

Elucidating the role of brassinosteroid signaling genes and their promoters in Arabidopsis revealed regulatory mechanisms in plant development and responses to different abiotic stresses.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential plant steroid phytohormones that regulate a wide range of developmental processes and mediate plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. BR signaling regulators have significant potential to optimize plant architecture and enhance resilience to environmental stress. Although the BR signaling pathway is well-characterized in the dicot model species Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), our knowledge of this pathway at the transcriptional level remains limited and requires further investigation.

Comparative analysis of cattle (Bos taurus, 2n = 60) and river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis, 2n = 50) genome assemblies reveals two evolutionary conserved inversions and invalid centromere-telomere orientation of some autosomes.

This study investigates autosome evolution between river buffalo (Bubablus bubalis, BBU) and cattle (Bos taurus, BTA), two closely related species within the Bovidae family. Despite differences in chromosome numbers (2n = 60 in cattle and 2n = 50 in river buffalo), previous cytogenetic studies have shown high autosome similarity. However, standard banding techniques have limitations in detecting small-scale genomic rearrangements.

Radiopaque polycaprolactone/barium sulfate nanofibers for applications in soft tissue repair.

: Monitoring performance of material inside the human body is still an open problem. X-ray imaging is an easy and noninvasive method of visualization, however, many biomaterials, such as polymers are radiolucent. Potential solution of this problem is to combine selected polymer with a compound which can act as a marker.