MetabOCT: a clinical trial looking for a metabolomic signature predicting the onset of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy in healthy MtDNA mutations carriers.

Introduction: The definition of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) does not take into account a preclinical phase during which the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is increased, prior to optic nerve atrophy, reducing the chances of visual recovery.

Objectives: Search for a metabolomic signature characterizing this preclinical phase and identify biomarkers predicting the risk of LHON onset.

Methods And Results: The blood and tear metabolomic profiles of 90 asymptomatic LHON mutation carriers followed for one year will be explored as a function of RNFL thickness and compared to those of a healthy control.

SREBP-mediated Signaling Restores Stem Cell Niche Properties in Human Lung Fibroblasts.

Emphysema is characterized by chronic alveolar destruction. Lipofibroblasts (LIF) are crucial in the stem cell niche surrounding alveolar type II (AT2) cells and may contribute to alveolar regeneration. We aim to determine whether emphysema is associated with LIF reduction and whether Sterol regulatory binding protein (SREBP) activation promotes LIF differentiation and fibroblast stem cell niche properties.

Immune signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection resolution in human lung tissues.

While human autopsy samples have provided insights into pulmonary immune mechanisms associated with severe viral respiratory diseases, the mechanisms that contribute to a clinically favorable resolution of viral respiratory infections remain unclear due to the lack of proper experimental systems. Using mice co-engrafted with a genetically matched human immune system and fetal lung xenograft (fLX), we mapped the immunological events defining successful resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lung tissues. Viral infection is rapidly cleared from fLX following a peak of viral replication, histopathological manifestations of lung disease and loss of AT2 program, as reported in human COVID-19 patients.

Comorbidities in Mild WAS/XLT Require Lifelong Follow-Up and Consideration of Definitive Treatment.

Loss of function mutations in the gene encoding WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) result in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) and X-linked thrombocytopenia-XLT (WAS/XLT). The clinical severity of the disease can be assessed using the WAS clinical severity score. Typically, patients with a score of 3 or less at 2 years of age are considered to have mild WAS/XLT disease.

Outcome of patients with accelerated and blast-phase myeloproliferative neoplasms not eligible for intensive chemotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation treated by azacitidine alone or in combination-A FIM study.

Accelerated-phase (AP) or blast-phase (BP) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are associated with dismal prognosis, with non-curative therapies such as hypomethylating agents (HMAs) considered in patients not eligible for intensive therapy, while some studies advocate for combination therapy with either ruxolitinib (RUXO) or venetoclax (VEN). To assess the relationship between treatment modalities and outcome, herein, we report a multicentric cohort of 149 patients (median age, 75 years) with AP/BP MPN not eligible for intensive therapy and/or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation who received azacitidine (AZA) alone ( = 60) or in combination ( = 89; VEN [ = 51], RUXO [ = 27], or both [ = 9], isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors [ = 2]) between January 2019 and October 2023. With a median follow-up of 15 months, the median overall survival of the full cohort was 8.

Mapping the infectious burden in VEXAS syndrome: a systematic review and rationale for prevention.

Infections are increasingly recognised as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) syndrome. We conducted a systematic review to characterise the infectious burden of VEXAS syndrome and propose preventive strategies. We included 57 studies (813 patients) showing that infections in patients with VEXAS syndrome were frequent, severe in 40-60% of cases, and fatal in 6-15% of cases.

Imaging features of recently identified low-grade vascular neoplasia of the liver: hepatic small vessel neoplasm and anastomosing hemangioma.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the imaging features on dynamic CT and MRI of a series of pathologically confirmed low-grade vascular neoplasia of the liver (LGVNL).

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective multicenter study, patients diagnosed with pathologically proven LGVNL between January 2014 and August 2024 and with cross-sectional imaging (CT or MRI) were included. Based on prior studies, we divided the patients into two groups: a group with typical LGVNL features and a group with atypical tumors.

Selective disruption of DNMT1/ELK1 interactions induces DGKI re-expression and promotes temozolomide sensitivity of MGMT/DGKI glioblastoma.

Background: DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors are emerging as a promising class of agents for personalized and targeted cancer therapy, particularly in malignancies with limited therapeutic options such as glioblastoma (GB). In GB, the MGMT/DGKI methylation profile serves as a biomarker for stratifying patients by treatment response. Specifically, the MGMT/DGKI profile is associated with favorable outcomes, whereas the MGMT/DGKI profile correlates with poor outcome.

EMT-ciliary signaling in quasi-mesenchymal-stem-like cells drives therapeutic resistance and is a druggable vulnerability in triple-negative breast cancer.

Cancer therapeutic resistance is mediated, in part, by phenotypic heterogeneity and the plasticity of tumor cells, the latter being enabled by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, EMT in human cancer therapeutic response remains poorly understood. We developed patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and investigated their response to chemotherapy.

Seed-mediated vertical transmission of Pantoea core endophytes.

Plant-associated microorganisms, particularly endophytes, are essential for plant health and development. Endophytic microbiota is intimately associated with host plants colonizing various tissues, including seeds. Seed endophytes are particularly noteworthy because of their potential for vertical transmission.

Soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) as a biomarker of durable response and survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Introduction: There is a need for biomarkers to predict response and survival to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) has shown biomarker potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate sPD-L1 in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with first-line ICIs.

Determinants and Prediction of Transport Ventilators' Oxygen Consumption.

This study investigates the determinants of oxygen consumption in transport ventilators, a critical factor for patient safety, especially during long-distance transfers and in resource-limited settings. A bench study was conducted on 4 ventilators to measure oxygen consumption under various ventilation settings. The main factor influencing oxygen consumption was the bias flow, a specific flow not contributing to patient ventilation.

Temporal footprint reduction via neural network denoising in 177Lu radioligand therapy.

Background: Internal vectorised therapies, particularly with [177Lu]-labelled agents, are increasingly used for metastatic prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumours. However, routine dosimetry for organs-at-risk and tumours remains limited due to the complexity and time requirements of current protocols.

Method: We developed a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to transform rapid 6 s SPECT projections into synthetic 30 s-equivalent projections.

Excitation-Wavelength-Dependent Emission of Congruently Melting Iodocuprate Hybrid Materials.

In the context of the emergence of metal halide perovskites for optoelectronic materials, the lead-free and earth-abundant copper(I)-based halide hybrids are of high interest. Here, we report on two iodocuprate hybrids (HOC(CH) NH)CuI (n = 3, 4) exhibiting excitation-wavelength-dependent emission. The thermodynamically stable n = 4 compound (2D-C4) is based on a rare 2D iodocuprate network, while a more common 1D network of edge-sharing tetrahedra is found both in the n = 3 compound (1D-C3) and in the metastable n = 4 (1D-C4) hybrid.

[Antitumor immuno-virotherapy with attenuated strains of measles virus].

Antitumor immuno-virotherapy involves the use of replicating oncolytic viruses capable of selectively infecting and killing tumor cells, with the aim of stimulating an antitumor immune response. Attenuated strains of measles virus (MeV) used as measles vaccines are good candidates. Attenuated MeVs use the CD46 molecule as a tumor cell entry receptor, but also CD150/SLAM and Nectin-4.

Individual Segmentation of Intertwined Apple Trees in a Row via Prompt Engineering.

Computer vision is of wide interest to perform the phenotyping of horticultural crops such as apple trees at high throughput. In orchards specially constructed for variety testing or breeding programs, computer vision tools should be able to extract phenotypical information form each tree separately. We focus on segmenting individual apple trees as the main task in this context.

Dark side of the honeymoon: reconstructing the Asian x European rose breeding history through the lens of genomics.

Roses hold significant symbolic value in Western cultural heritage, often serving as a symbol of love and romance. Despite their ancient cultivation, the appreciation for the phenotypic diversity of roses emerged relatively recently, notably during the 19th century. This period is characterized by a remarkable expansion in the number of varieties, from around 100 to over 8,000, representing a golden age for roses.

Comparative Effectiveness of Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel in CARTITUDE-4 Versus Real-World Physician's Choice of Therapy from the Flatiron Registry in Lenalidomide-Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

Introduction: Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) is approved for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). In the CARTITUDE-4 study (NCT04181827), cilta-cel demonstrated superior efficacy versus pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone or daratumumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone in patients with RRMM after 1-3 prior lines of therapy (LOT). We conducted an indirect treatment comparison to understand the comparative efficacy of cilta-cel versus real-world (RW) physician's choice of treatment for lenalidomide-refractory MM.

Pharmacological Inhibition of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Activity Exacerbates Liver Damage in Schistosoma mansoni Infected Mice.

Background And Aims: Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting more than 250 million people worldwide. Eggs of the parasitic helminth S. mansoni cause major morbidity in the liver, spleen and intestine.

Elucidating the interplay between metabolites and microorganisms in the spermosphere of common bean ( L.) seeds.

Unlabelled: The spermosphere, the dynamic interface surrounding germinating seeds, is shaped by the intricate interplay between seed-exuded natural compounds and seed-associated microbial communities. In this work, we provide the first comprehensive metabolomic and microbiome characterization of common bean () spermosphere of eight genotypes produced in two contrasted production regions. Through an integrated approach, we explored the metabolomic and microbiota composition in the spermosphere of germinating common bean seeds and elucidated their environmental and genotype regulation.

The occurrence of appendicitis varies according to latitudes and seasons: A French national retrospective study.

Background: Recent reports indicate that the occurrence of appendicitis follows a seasonal pattern and that there is an association between increased incidence and warmer weather. It is noteworthy that a reduction in the incidence of appendicitis has been observed in the Northern Hemisphere. The objective of this study is to present the epidemiological profile of appendicitis at the national level in France.

Chiral Metallic DM-EDT-TTF Radical Cation Salts: Anion Size-Dependent Structural and Electronic Transitions, Charge Ordering, and Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity.

Both enantiomers () and () of the chiral mixed-valence radical cation salts (DM-EDT-TTF)XO (X = Cl or Re) have been prepared by electrocrystallization. Single-crystal high-quality synchrotron radiation data allowed for the very accurate determination of their 298 and 18 K structures. At room temperature, they crystallize in the enantiomorphic space groups 22 and 22 for the () and () enantiomers, respectively, while at 18 K, the structures have been solved in the and space groups, respectively.

Opensource semi-solid 3D printer designed for oral drug production in hospital pharmacies.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a manufacturing technique with a growing interest in drug production, especially via semi-solid extrusion (SSE) where a material lying between a solid and a liquid is deposited to create the desired form. However, accessibility to SSE 3D printer is limited. This study aimed to develop and validate a SSE 3D printer equipped with an in-process weighing system.

Contributions of betahydroxybutyrate (BHB) determination and thanatological biochemistry in postmortem diagnosis of ketoacidosis-related fatalities: two case reports.

Postmortem biochemical analyses are increasingly recognized as valuable tools to complement traditional forensic investigations, particularly in cases where the cause of death remains unclear after autopsy and toxicological analyses. Among these, the quantification of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in femoral blood (FB) and/or vitreous humor (VH) has proven crucial in identifying fatal ketoacidosis. The authors report two forensic cases in which targeted biochemical markers (including BHB, vitreous glucose, creatinine, and blood HbA1c) were evaluated to support the diagnosis of metabolic fatal metabolic disturbances.