Allele-specific HLA LOH in solid tumors: distinct patterns by tumor type and potential prognostic relevance.

T-cell receptors (TCRs) recognize antigens derived from fragments of somatically expressed proteins that are degraded by the proteasome and presented by specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Recent therapeutic advances using the TCR as a tumor-targeting moiety have focused attention on loss of heterozygosity (LOH) as a potential resistance mechanism. Allele-specific LOH, rather than allele-agnostic, is particularly pertinent, but rarely evaluated.

Aggregates in cold-stored platelet units have diverse phenotypes and are removed by pre-transfusion filters.

Background And Objectives: The US Food and Drug Administration guidance for cold-stored platelets (CSPs) permits storage of apheresis platelets at 1-6°C for ≤14 days. During a pilot programme, CSPs were evaluated in a large US blood centre over a 10-month period (September 2023 to July 2024) to better understand the formation of aggregates under routine use.

Materials And Methods: Platelets collected in 100% plasma were moved into cold storage within 4 h of collection and shipped to local hospitals.

Quantifying Longitudinal Microstructural Changes in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients with Mean Apparent Propagator MRI.

Mean apparent propagator MRI (MAP-MRI) quantifies subtle alterations in tissue microstructure noninvasively and provides a more nuanced and comprehensive assessment of tissue architectural and structural integrity compared with other diffusion MRI techniques. We investigate the sensitivity of MAP-MRI-derived quantitative imaging biomarkers to detect previously unseen microstructural damage in patients with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), whose clinical scans otherwise appeared normal. We developed and validated an MAP-MRI data processing pipeline for analyzing diffusion-weighted images for use in healthy controls and mTBI patients whose longitudinal scans were obtained from the GE/NFL/mTBI MRI database.

Relational accountability in AI-driven pharmaceutical practices: an ethics approach to bias, inequity and structural harm.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into pharmaceutical practices raises critical ethical concerns, including algorithmic bias, data commodification and global health inequities. While existing AI ethics frameworks emphasise transparency and fairness, they often overlook structural vulnerabilities tied to race, gender and socioeconomic status. This paper introduces relational accountability-a feminist ethics framework-to critique AI-driven pharmaceutical practices, arguing that corporate reliance on biased algorithms exacerbates inequalities by design.

Rethinking epistemic injustice in psychiatric digital phenotyping from the perspective of ignorance.

Digital phenotyping is a novel approach to assessing individual health conditions by collecting and analysing data generated through interactions with digital devices. Although digital phenotyping is regarded as a promising tool for transforming psychiatric clinical practice, its potential to exacerbate epistemic injustice remains a central ethical concern. However, epistemic injustice in psychiatric digital phenotyping should be understood as rooted in specific forms of ignorance, which are not necessarily negative obstacles.

Spatial heterogeneity in the impacts of Ohio's enhanced graduated driver's licensing law on teen motor vehicle crashes.

Background: Graduated Driver's Licensing (GDL) policies create an intermediate licensure phase for young novice drivers, and previous studies suggested that they reduce teen motor- vehicle crashes (MVCs). Multiple studies have shown that the effects of GDL laws vary in association with demographic factors and location, motivating estimation of sub-state policy effects. The present study estimates county-level effects of Ohio's 2007 enhanced GDL law on MVCs among 16-17-year-olds.

Comparative analysis of cognitive load associated with passive and active back-support exoskeleton use for construction work.

Introduction: Exoskeletons have the potential to reduce workplace injuries; however, their use could increase cognitive load. While prior studies have explored the cognitive load impacts of passive and active back-support exoskeletons, research comparing their effects in construction-related tasks remains limited, particularly using electroencephalogram theta brainwave activity as a cognitive load indicator. This study assesses and compares the cognitive load implications of active and passive back-support exoskeletons relative to a baseline (i.

Behavior change associated with using partial automation among three samples of drivers during a 4-week field trial.

Introduction: Partial automation is still evolving. There is need to understand how behavior changes over time as drivers develop familiarity with the technology. In Reagan et al.

Evaluating the impacts of cellphone use policies on cellphone-distracted fatal crashes.

Introduction: Driver distraction is becoming increasingly frequent while driving, with a notable portion of traffic crashes linked to distraction, often due to cellphone use. States have enacted varying levels of policies, including partial and full handheld bans, texting bans, and their combinations to target distracted driving. Existing research is limited in terms of both geographical area and time period, and do not account for whether cellphone distraction contributed directly to crash incidents.

State of eye-tracking technology research to enhance construction safety.

Introduction: This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the application of eye-tracking technology in construction safety, establishing a theoretical foundation and benchmark to guide future research and innovation in the field.

Method: This study identified 116 relevant papers published between 2003 and 2023 indexed by Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Library. The analysis of the 116 papers revealed trends about the dates of the publication of the papers, the locations of the research, the journals and conference proceedings that published the studies, and the extent of the collaboration between authors, which indicate that eye-tracking technology has become an important tool to enhance construction safety.

Examining pedestrian crash frequency and environmental factors for three subgroups of the older adult population: a micro-level analysis.

Introduction: Pedestrian safety has become a critical concern with the rising global population of older adults. Older pedestrians face higher crash risks due to age-related physical limitations, yet road infrastructure often fails to address their specific needs. Most studies treat older adults as a single group, overlooking variations in mobility and behavior.

Investigating hazard exposures and safety dynamics among researchers in academic settings: Insights from a large-scale survey study.

Introduction: Researchers, whether working in wet-labs, dry-labs, clinical settings, or field environments, encounter various hazards. However, there has been limited study on the health and safety of academic researchers. This study aimed to investigate hazardous occupational exposures and safety among researchers in academic settings at a large U.

Self-reported risk taking predicts handrail use on a stepladder in older adults.

Objective: Identify individual factors that predict handrail use and quantify the impact of handrail use on balance while using a stepladder.

Background: Ladders are among the riskiest consumer products especially for older adults. Individual factors such as physiological capacity or risk-taking propensity have been found to influence safety behaviors and fall risk.

Is it safe for children to ride youth-sized all-terrain vehicles?

Introduction: All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) contribute significantly to fatalities and injuries among young individuals. This is despite the availability of youth-sized ATVs in the market, suggesting that these vehicles may not be as suitable for young riders as their name implies. This study aims to assess the suitability of youth-sized ATVs for their intended demographic.

How can teen driver education be enhanced with ADAS training: Stakeholder perspectives.

Introduction: Effective driver education for teen drivers is increasingly important, especially as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) become standard in modern vehicles. This study examines driver education programs in the commonwealth of Massachusetts and explores how they are placed to prepare young drivers to understand and safely use ADAS technologies.

Method: Through a convergent mixed-methods approach, we analyzed thematic data from interviews and surveys of key stakeholders and performed sentiment analysis to capture their concerns and attitudes.

Investigating contributing factors to severe injuries in crashes involving motorized rickshaws in Pakistan.

Introduction: Motorized rickshaws are a common mode of urban transportation in many low and middle-income countries, particularly in South Asia (e.g., Pakistan and India).

The value of occupational health and safety data: Perceptions of current data practices in the fire service.

Objective: Despite growing interest in utilizing firefighter health and safety data to reduce injuries and fatalities, there is little evidence on attitudes towards data. We examined fire service perceptions of data to inform future policies and practices.

Methods: We conducted focus groups and interviews with career firefighters, union representatives, and department leaders in Maryland and Virginia; and interviews with national leaders (March-November 2023).

Moderate Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: Evolving Evidence and Management Strategies.

Secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) is common in patients with heart failure (HF). Although randomized clinical trials have been focused on the treatment of severe SMR, the prognostic role and potential for treatment of moderate SMR cannot be overlooked. The randomized RESHAPE-HF2 trial included patients with moderate and severe SMR with consistent findings in both groups, raising the hypothesis that transcatheter correction of moderate SMR could have beneficial effects, although this needs further investigation.

Trajectories of Angina After Initial Invasive vs Conservative Strategy for Chronic Coronary Disease.

Background: Clinical trials typically report average health status outcomes by treatment at single points in time, as opposed to participants' trajectories (or journeys) over time. Although ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches) demonstrated better mean health status at discrete times with an invasive treatment among those with baseline angina, the patterns of individual participants' angina over time are unknown.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of individual participants' angina over time after invasive or conservative management strategies for chronic coronary disease.