Diallyl Trisulfide Enhances Doxorubicin Chemosensitivity by Inhibiting the Warburg Effect and Inducing Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women. Doxorubicin (DOX) is the major chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment, but its efficacy is hindered by chemoresistance and dose-dependent toxicity. Overcoming these challenges requires novel therapeutic strategies that enhance DOX sensitivity while minimizing its adverse effects.

Clinical impact of pharmacogenetic risk variants in a large chinese cohort.

Incorporating pharmacogenetics into clinical practice promises to improve therapeutic outcomes by optimizing drug selection and dosage based on genetic factors affecting drug response. A key advantage of PGx-guided therapy is to decrease the likelihood of adverse events. To evaluate the clinical impact of PGx risk variants, we performed a retrospective study using genetic and clinical data from the largest Han Chinese cohort, comprising 486,956 individuals, assembled by the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative.

Adult individual resilience interventions: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis.

Background: Psychological resilience interventions have garnered growing attention because of their potential to enhance mental health outcomes by facilitating adaptive responses to stress, adversity, and trauma. These approaches are especially pertinent during large-scale crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions designed to enhance individual resilience.

Purification and Characterization of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) from E. faecium BS5 and Its Antidiabetic Efficacy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

A non-proteinaceous amino acid called GABA is well-known for its physiological uses and its role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain of mammals. Apart from its neurological function, GABA has been linked to blood pressure reduction and glucose balance modulation. Since β-cell destruction and decreased insulin secretion are hallmarks of diabetes mellitus, the natural production of GABA by pancreatic β-cells increases the possibility of its therapeutic role.

Potential role of intratumoral Fusobacterium nucleatum and interleukin-1 beta in breast cancer cell growth.

Background: It has been shown that the human breast harbors a rich and diverse microbiome, with significant differences observed between tumor tissue and normal breast tissue. Recently, Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) has been shown to affect breast cancer growth, but the underlying mechanism remains enigmatic.

Corrigendum: Protective effects of against hepatocyte apoptosis and liver fibrosis induced by high palmitic acid diet.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.

Exercise-induced MyoD mRNA Expression in Young and Older Human Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD) is a master transcription factor that triggers myogenesis and drives muscle growth.

Objective: The aim was to assess acute exercise-induced MyoD mRNA expression in skeletal muscle for young and older (age > 50) adults.

Design: A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted.

Trans-anethole enhances mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes function to inhibit HO-induced rheumatoid arthritis-like inflammation in HIG-82 synovial cells.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an auto-immune inflammatory disorder for which an effective cure is yet to be found. Trans-anethole (1-methoxy-4-(1E)-1-propen-1-yl-benzene), a key bioactive compound derived from the perennial plant Foeniculum vulgare, exerts multiple medicinal benefits. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of exosomes derived from anethole-preconditioned human Wharton Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) against RA-like inflammation in HO-treated synoviocyte HIG-82 cells.

Chaperone-assisted E3 ligase-engineered mesenchymal stem cells target hyperglycemia-induced p53 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation ameliorates self-renewal.

Background: Stem cell therapies may potentially be used in regenerative and reconstructive medicine due to their ability for self-renewal and differentiation. Stressful conditions, such as hyperglycemia, adversely affect stem cell functions, impairing their function and promoting differentiation by opposing self-renewal. The carboxyl terminus of HSP70 interacting protein (CHIP), which is a cochaperone and E3 ligase, maintains protein homeostasis and performs quality control of the cell via ubiquitylation.

β-sitosterol suppresses fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptors to induce apoptosis and inhibit migration in lung cancer: an in vitro study.

β-Sitosterol (BS), is a significant bioactive component of phytosterols found in plants, foods, and dietary supplements. Its nutritional benefits include lowering of cholesterol levels, boost immune system as well as reduce inflammation. Previous studies have demonstrated its significant anticancer effects across various human cancers.

Distinct genomic features and mutational signatures of nucleotide excision repair and mismatch repair in thymoma.

Thymoma is a rare malignancy with an unclear etiology of occurrence and development. We observed a higher incidence of thymoma in the Taiwanese population compared to other Western populations, suggesting the existence of different genomic features. Since most genomic studies are based on Western populations, we aimed to characterize the genomic profile of the Taiwanese population and compare it to the TCGA cohort in this study.

Expression of miR-92a in Green Tea EGCG Preconditioned Adiposederived Stem Cells Ameliorates Inflammatory Response and Increases Cartilage Regeneration in RA Rats through KLF4/IL-17/MMP-2 Axis Modulation.

Background: The global prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is on the rise. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of stem cell-based therapies in RA treatment. Experimental evidence suggests that preconditioning enhances the regenerative capabilities of stem cells compared to their unconditioned counterparts.

Correlation of the expression of circadian-clock genes with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea in patients.

This study investigates the connection of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) with the expression and daily oscillation patterns of core circadian clock genes and related genes. OSA, a sleep disorder characterized by repetitive airway occlusion leading to nocturnal arousals, sleep fragmentation, and intermittent hypoxemia (IH), shares sleep dysfunction as an overlapping phenotype with circadian clock genes. The research involved 40 subjects (30 OSA patients and 10 normal controls), categorized into four groups based on Polysomnography (PSG) results: normal, mild, moderate, and severe.

Polygenic height prediction for the Han Chinese in Taiwan.

Human height prediction based on genetic factors alone shows positive correlation, but predictors developed for one population perform less well when applied to population of different ancestries. In this study, we evaluated the utility of incorporating non-genetic factors in height predictors for the Han Chinese population in Taiwan. We analyzed data from 78,719 Taiwan Biobank (TWB) participants and 40,641 Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) participants using genome-wide association study and multivariable linear regression least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods to incorporate genetic and non-genetic factors for height prediction.

Protective effects of against hepatocyte apoptosis and liver fibrosis induced by high palmitic acid diet.

Background: Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) progresses from steatosis to steatohepatitis and, if left untreated, can lead to irreversible conditions such as cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. The etiology of FLD remains unclear, but factors such as overconsumption, poor diet, obesity, and diabetes contribute to its development. Palmitic acid (PA) plays a significant role in FLD progression by inducing apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in hepatocytes.

Defecation after magnesium supplementation enhances cognitive performance in triathletes.

Constipation is correlated with diminished cognitive function, revealing a possible rectum-brain connection. In this counter-balanced crossover trial, 13 elite triathletes underwent a Stroop test to assess cognitive function and executive control. The Stroop test was conducted both with and without magnesium oxide intake, with a 1-week washout period between sessions.

Echinacoside promotes collagen synthesis and survival via activation of IGF-1 signaling to alleviate UVB-induced dermal fibroblast photoaging.

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is a major factor contributing to skin photoaging, including the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), collagen breakdown, and overall skin damage. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates dermal survival and collagen synthesis. Echinacoside (Ech), a natural phenylethanoid glycoside, is the most abundant active compound in Cistanches.

n-Butylidenephthalide recovered calcium homeostasis to ameliorate neurodegeneration of motor neurons derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis iPSCs.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that causes muscle atrophy and primarily targets motor neurons (MNs). Approximately 20% of familial ALS cases are caused by gain-of-function mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), leading to MN degeneration and ion channel dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that n-Butylidenephthalide (BP) delays disease progression and prolongs survival in animal models of ALS.

Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine for patients with depression: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Results on whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) ameliorates depression in patients with psychiatric problems, such as bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, remain inconsistent, and several new studies have recently been published. Thus, we conducted an uptodated meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of NAC against depression.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials where NAC was used to treat depression.

Enhanced SIRT1 Activity by Galangin Mitigates UVB-Induced Senescence in Dermal Fibroblasts via p53 Acetylation Regulation and Activation.

Human skin aging, a complex process influenced by intrinsic aging and extrinsic photoaging, is marked by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause DNA damage, impaired dermal fibroblast function, and wrinkle formation. External stressors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, can trigger cellular senescence. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), an NAD-dependent enzyme in the sirtuin family, plays a crucial role in deacetylating p53, thereby inhibiting its nuclear translocation and reducing skin senescence.

MicroRNA-376a-3p sensitizes CPT-11-resistant colorectal cancer by enhancing apoptosis and reversing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the IGF1R/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most prevalent type of cancer worldwide contributing to an estimated 10 % of all cancer cases. CPT-11 is one of the first-line drugs for CRC treatment. Unfortunately, the development of drug resistance significantly exacerbates the adverse impact of CRC.

Different impacts of physical activity on health in urban and rural older adults.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the impact of physical activity on health among older adults in urban and rural areas in Taiwan.

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design and data were analyzed from 2015 to 2019 from the Hualien County Health Bureau. Participants were divided into urban (n = 4780) and rural groups (n = 4983), and logistic regression models were employed to examine how physical activity relates to their health condition in urban and rural older adults.

Association Between Social Jetlag and Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: A mismatch between biological and social time, often referred to as social jetlag (SJL), can lead to inadequate sleep and activities or taking meals at times that do not align with our biological rhythms, increasing the risk of metabolic abnormalities. Although the association between sleep and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is well established, the effects of SJL on MetS and the components of MetS in adults remain unclear.

Purpose: This study was designed to explore the relationship between SJL and MetS components in adults.