Negligible Effects of Fructose-Glucose Composite Carbohydrates on Performance Across a Prolonged Soccer Match Simulation Compared With a Glucose-Only Control in Semiprofessional Soccer Players.

Higher carbohydrate availability, achieved through combined intake of glucose and fructose, has been shown to enhance endurance performance. This study examined the effects of higher carbohydrate doses containing a fructose-glucose mixture (1:2 ratio) compared with lower doses containing only glucose on performance during a 120-min simulated soccer match. Fifteen semiprofessional soccer players (seven males and eight females) completed two 120-min soccer-specific exercise sessions in a randomized and crossover design.

Mini marvels: superhero engagement across early childhood.

Introduction: Superhero engagement is common in early childhood, particularly among boys, and tends to be related to negative outcomes, such as aggression. However, most research lumps all types of superhero engagement together and is conducted over a relatively short space of time. The current study is a five-year longitudinal study of four different types of superhero engagement (identification, toys, dress up, and media).

The Ongoing Environmental Destruction and Degradation of Gaza: The Resulting Public Health Crisis.

This essay examines the resulting environmental health conditions in Gaza since October 2023. Evidence is drawn from international agency reports and peer-reviewed literature to document destruction and public health impacts over 18 months. Key themes include water, sanitation, contamination, noise and air pollution, food insecurity, susceptible populations, health system collapse, and trauma.

Morphological and molecular identification of fungi isolated from spoilt apples in Ota metropolis.

Spoilage of apples continues to be a significant issue in the fruit industry. This study aimed to isolate and identify fungal species on deteriorated apples collected from three different locations in Ota market, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. A total of eighteen (18) samples of red delicious and Granny Smith apples with obvious spoilage were collected, and their surfaces were sterilized using 85% ethanol.

Maternal noninfectious fever during pregnancy modulates offspring social behavior in rats: an exploratory study.

Background: Maternal fever and elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) during labor are linked to higher risks of neonatal seizures and cerebral palsy. In rats, IL-6-induced maternal fever is associated with neonatal brain inflammation. This study tests the hypothesis that induced maternal noninfectious fever modulates social behavior in rat offspring.

Profiles of adults most likely to become a foster family: A latent profile analysis.

Background: The shortage of foster families to protect maltreated children requires urgent and effective solutions supported by theoretical and evidence-based frameworks. However, most research has focused only on the perspective of foster parents and has not been theoretically grounded. To the best of our knowledge, profiles of prospective foster families with representative samples from the general population have not yet been identified.

Memory framing.

Some prior studies of item recognition, source recognition, and judgments of learning have produced evidence of framing effects in episodic memory. A theoretical consequence of these phenomena is that emotional arousal is not a necessary condition for framing effects because, unlike the classic framing effects of social psychology and behavioral economics, different memory frames are not designed to stimulate different emotional reactions. However, a review of available evidence on framing effects in item recognition revealed that the data were inconsistent for old items and nonexistent for similar distractors.

How gist and association affect false memory: False recognition and gist rating norms.

The Deese/Roediger/McDermott (DRM) illusion is one of the most widely used methods for studying false memory. Early studies provided normed false recall and false recognition data for DRM lists, where recognition is preceded by prior recall tests, and reported regression analyses that revealed backward associative strength (BAS) as one of the strongest predictors of false memory. As an extension of that line of research, we collected new recognition norms that are not confounded by prior recall tests and included gist strength (GS) as a theory-driven predictor of false memory.

Food-level predictors of self-reported liking and hedonic overeating: Putting ultra-processed foods in context.

The reward value people assign to foods is determined by their intrinsic (food-level) properties and moderated by individual factors such as traits, states and beliefs. There is a need for more systematic, structured analyses of the food-level characteristics that explain cognitions about food reward such as palatability and their risk for reward-driven overeating. This research, consisting of three studies, aimed to explore the nutritional, sensory and cognitive characteristics and attributes of foods as determinants of food reward-related outcomes.

Oxytocin attenuates yohimbine-induced responding for oral oxycodone under a progressive ratio schedule in male and female rats.

Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) has become an epidemic in the United States, with oxycodone (OXY) being one of the most widely misused opioids. Stress plays a key role in triggering opioid use, which can lead to addiction and relapse, underscoring the urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions. Recent studies suggest that the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) may reduce addiction-related behaviors and possess anxiolytic properties.

The Impact of Individual Mandate and Income on Private Health Insurance Enrollment: A State-Level Analysis on Individual Behavior Change.

Introduction: Health insurance, vital for improved health outcomes and reduced financial burdens, faced challenges within the market system due to adverse selection and the risk of a death spiral. This led to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) introducing the Individual Mandate in 2014. After the penalty under the Individual Mandate had been repealed, several states have kept regulative measures to encourage individuals to keep health insurance.

Psychological safety mediates attendance and recovery-related outcomes within the Phoenix: a sober-active community.

Background: People in recovery from a substance use disorder often have difficulties forming pro-social relationships or accessing supportive communities. Providing psychological safety within recovery communities may be uniquely beneficial, yet psychological safety has mostly been studied among professional organizations and not among vulnerable populations. This program evaluation study examined associations between attendance, psychological safety, and retrospective recovery-related changes.

Rumination and Cardiovascular Adaptation to Repeated Psychological Stress.

Rumination, that is mentally dwelling on past-centred negative, unwanted, and persistent thoughts, has been reliably linked to exaggerated cardiovascular responses to, and prolonged cardiovascular recovery from, a single psychological stressor. Although cardiovascular adaptation to multiple stress exposures is also an important indicator of a healthful stress response, only one study has examined the association between trait rumination and adaptation to repeated stress, employing a protocol administered across two separate testing sessions, 1 week apart. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of trait rumination on cardiovascular adaptation to repeated psychological stress within the same testing session.

Neonatal vocalization rate predicts future prosocial behavior in C57 BL/6J mice.

Neonatal Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are an innate form of mouse communicative behavior that are produced throughout the first two postnatal weeks. While neonatal USVs are commonly assessed, their relationship to future behaviors is largely unknown. In the present study, we addressed this by analyzing vocalizations in C57BL/6 pups throughout development.

Examining the Impact of Availability and Accessibility of Community Benefit Provisions on County Health Outcomes.

Background: The recent rise of accountability in healthcare providers has spurred a keen interest in improving community benefit provisions and how these are associated with community health development. However, prior studies predominantly focus on the adequate amount of community benefit provisions (availability), disregarding the potential influence of distributional provisions (accessibility). To fill this gap, this study explores how the total amount (availability) and Blau's Index (accessibility) of community benefits are positively associated with county health outcomes.

Plant size influences specific leaf area in palms: a case for the diminishing returns hypothesis.

Body size is essential in determining an organism's functional performance and metabolic requirements, influencing biological processes from organisms to ecosystems. Metabolic scaling theory integrates the size-metabolism relationship, yet most research overlooks intraspecific trait variation due to ontogeny. Specific leaf area (SLA) is a critical functional trait that reflects investment on photosynthetic tissues relative to leaf construction costs.

Acknowledging the crucial role of Max Glatt in the development of the Jellinek curve and the enduring relevance of his model of recovery from problem drinking.

Background And Aims: Shortly after Max Glatt published a 'Chart of Alcohol Addiction and Recovery' in 1954, a misnomer emerged and it became known as the 'Jellinek Curve'. The current article aims to investigate the contributions that both Max Glatt and Morton Jellinek made towards the misnamed 'Jellinek Curve', how the misnomer may have emerged and the relevance of Jellinek's addiction concept and Glatt's model of recovery with contemporary theories of addiction and recovery.

Method: Warlingham Park Hospital housed the first residential alcohol detoxification and rehabilitation unit in the UK's National Health Service, a model created and developed by Max Glatt.

Mixed-Methods Study of Use and Attitudes About Psychedelics for Therapeutic Purposes Among Low-Income U.S. Veterans Nationally.

There is great public and clinical interest in the use of psychedelics for therapeutic purposes. However, there has been little national study of psychedelic use in the U.S.

ESM-Q: A consensus-based quality assessment tool for experience sampling method items.

The experience sampling method (ESM) is increasingly used by researchers from various disciplines to answer novel questions about individuals' daily lives. Measurement best practices have long been overlooked in ESM research, and recent reviews show that item quality is often not reported in ESM studies. The absence of information about item quality may be partly explained by the lack of consensus on how ESM item quality should be evaluated.

Impact of physician group practice in the operations, quality of care, and service satisfaction in the non-urgent section of an emergency department in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines: a mixed methods study.

Background: The Emergency Department (ED) is a primary source of healthcare services for patients with non-urgent conditions in the Philippines. The adaptation of physician group practice (GP) in the ED has gained popularity in the country due to its potential advantage to patient management and physicians compared to independent consultancy (IC). This study aimed to determine the impacts of GP in a non-urgent ED setting in terms of operations, quality of care, and service satisfaction compared to IC.

wStri spread dynamics in Nilaparvata lugens via discrete mathematical models.

Wolbachia, an intracellular bacterium, is well-known for inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility, which has become a promising and environmentally sustainable strategy for controlling pest populations. The strain wStri, specifically identified in Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper), has shown potential for such biocontrol applications. In this study, we develop a comprehensive discrete mathematical model to analyze the dynamics of wStri spread in a mixed population of wStri-infected, wLug-infected, and uninfected Nilaparvata lugens under both constant and periodically varying environmental conditions.