Publications by authors named "Mark B Carascal"

Background: The Emergency Department (ED) is a primary source of healthcare services for patients with non-urgent conditions in the Philippines. The adaptation of physician group practice (GP) in the ED has gained popularity in the country due to its potential advantage to patient management and physicians compared to independent consultancy (IC). This study aimed to determine the impacts of GP in a non-urgent ED setting in terms of operations, quality of care, and service satisfaction compared to IC.

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The genomes of six methicillin-resistant (MRSA) revealed CC5(ST5)-SCC-IVc--t105-PVL ( = 3), CC5(ST6)-SCC-IVc--t10002 ( = 1), CC5(ST5)-SCC-IVa--t002 ( = 1), and CC8(ST8)-SCC-IVa--t008-PVL ( = 1) genotypes. All possessed multiple antibiotic resistance genes (putative and and for cotrimoxazole-resistant strains), intact staphylococcal prophages, and putative antiphage systems. The results could aid in MRSA infection management and control.

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Background: Acinetobacter baumannii continued to be an important Gram-negative pathogen of concern in the clinical context. The resistance of this pathogen to carbapenems due to the production of carbapenemases is considered a global threat. Despite the efforts to track carbapenemase synthesis among A.

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Carbapenem resistance in is a critical global health threat attributed to transferrable carbapenemase genes. Carbapenemase genotyping using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) presents a challenge in resource-limited settings because of its technical requirements. This study designed new loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) primers using multiple sequence alignment-based workflows, validated the primer performance against multiple target variants , and developed novel LAMP assays (LAntRN-OXA23 and LAntRN-ISAba1) to detect the transferable carbapenemase genes and elements in pure cultures and -spiked serum samples.

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The known intrinsic and polymorphic genes of were recently reported in other non- Gram-negative pathogens. Accurate detection of this potentially transferrable carbapenemase gene in the clinical setting is critical. This study developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targetting multiple alleles of genes.

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In the Philippines, data are scarce on the co-occurrence of multiple β-lactamases (BLs) in clinically isolated Gram-negative bacilli. To investigate this phenomenon, we characterized BLs from various β-lactam-resistant , , , and isolated from a Philippine tertiary care hospital. The selected Gram-negative bacilli ( = 29) were resistant to either third-generation cephalosporins (resistance category 1 (RC1)), cephalosporins and penicillin-β-lactamase inhibitors (RC2), or carbapenems (RC3).

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COVID-19 pandemic affected the mental health of the global population. Among the most vulnerable are the healthcare workers (HCWs) who got infected but returned to the frontline after recovery. Currently, there is a dearth of information and understanding on the psychological status and actual lived experience of the recovered HCWs in the Philippines.

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Flu, a viral infection caused by the influenza virus, is still a global public health concern with potential to cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics. Vaccination is considered the most effective protective strategy against the infection. However, given the high plasticity of the virus and the suboptimal immunogenicity of existing influenza vaccines, scientists are moving toward the development of universal vaccines.

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Southeast Asia (SEA) can be considered a hotspot of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide. As recent surveillance efforts in the region reported the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, the pursuit of therapeutic alternatives against AMR becomes a matter of utmost importance. Phage therapy, or the use of bacterial viruses called bacteriophages to kill bacterial pathogens, is among the standout therapeutic prospects.

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Objectives: The non-standard emergency medicine services and the limited utilisation of primary care providers in the Philippines may contribute towards the ED being a preferred area for patients with non-urgent conditions. Our study aims to determine the factors associated with non-urgent consultations in the ED of a tertiary hospital in the Philippines.

Methods: From 7 January to 15 February 2020, we surveyed non-urgent ED patients (n = 757) presenting to a tertiary hospital in the Philippines.

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