The changing faces of autism: The fluctuating international diagnostic criteria and the resulting inclusion and exclusion-A Norwegian perspective.

The common understanding of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has gone through a number of permutations since the first description in 1943. Throughout these shifting understandings, there have been a number of behaviors and diagnostic criteria associated with the condition, many of which are missing in the most recent classifications. The rates of diagnoses of autism have increased greatly.

The plane-wave primary reflection response from an impedance gradient interface.

A weak scattering model that allows prediction of the one-dimensional acoustic plane wave primary reflection response from an impedance gradient interface is described. The velocity and density gradient profiles are represented by a smooth approximation to the Heaviside function of the Fermi-Dirac distribution type. The profiles are described by the velocities and densities at minus and plus infinity, the reference depth of the gradient interface, and its smoothness.

Implementation of Occupied and Virtual Edmiston-Ruedenberg Orbitals Using Cholesky Decomposed Integrals.

We present a trust-region optimization of the Edmiston-Ruedenberg orbital localization function. The approach is used to localize both the occupied and the virtual orbitals and is the first demonstration of general virtual orbital localization using the Edmiston-Ruedenberg localization function. In the Edmiston-Ruedenberg approach, the sum of the orbital self-repulsion energies is maximized to obtain the localized orbitals.

Self-Rated Health Among Italian Immigrants Living in Norway: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Most studies on immigrant health focus on immigrant groups coming from extra-European and/or low-income countries. Little attention is given to self-rated health (SRH) in the context EU/EEA migration. To know more about health among European immigrants can provide new insights related to social determinants of health in the migration context.

Infralow neurofeedback in the treatment of substance use disorders: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Infralow neurofeedback (ILF-NF) was recently developed as a subtype of traditional, frequency-based neurofeedback that targets cerebral rhythmic activity below 0.5 Hz and improves brain self-regulation. The efficacy of ILF-NF in the treatment of substance use disorder has not yet been evaluated, but clinical evidence suggests that it may prevent relapse by improving functioning in various life domains.

Mode of Application of Peracetic Acid-Based Disinfectants has a Minimal Influence on the Antioxidant Defences and Mucosal Structures of Atlantic Salmon () Parr.

Peracetic acid (PAA) is an oxidative disinfectant with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and low environmental impact. In this study, we investigated the physiological impacts of PAA application in Atlantic salmon () parr reared in freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems over a 4-week period. PAA at a target concentration of 1 mg/L was administered either in pulse (every 3 days) or continuous.

Success Factors of an Early EHR System for Child and Adolescent Mental Health: Lessons Learned for Future Practice Data-Driven Decision Aids.

This paper recounts the successful BUPdata, a discontinued electronic health record (EHR) system for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in Norway. It was developed and owned by the national association for CAMHS and fulfilled needs for collaborative care, practice insight, and service management. It aimed to unify the requirements of government, administration, clinicians, patients, and researchers alike, with the goal of providing uniform quality of care nationally.

Reducing low-value radiological services in Norway -a qualitative multi-professional study on measures and facilitators for change.

Background: Overuse, underuse, and significant variation in the utilisation of radiological services are well documented in the literature. Several radiological examinations are identified as low-value examinations as they do not lead to a change in diagnosis or course of treatment. Even so, such examinations are frequently performed.

Improving public cancer care by implementing precision medicine in Norway: IMPRESS-Norway.

Background: Matching treatment based on tumour molecular characteristics has revolutionized the treatment of some cancers and has given hope to many patients. Although personalized cancer care is an old concept, renewed attention has arisen due to recent advancements in cancer diagnostics including access to high-throughput sequencing of tumour tissue. Targeted therapies interfering with cancer specific pathways have been developed and approved for subgroups of patients.

Unimolecular Decomposition Reactions of Picric Acid and Its Methylated Derivatives─A DFT Study.

To handle energetic materials safely, it is important to have knowledge about their sensitivity. Density functional theory (DFT) has proven a valuable tool in the study of energetic materials, and in the current work, DFT is employed to study the thermal unimolecular decomposition of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid, PA), 3-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrophenol (methyl picric acid, mPA), and 3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrophenol (dimethyl picric acid, dmPA). These compounds have similar molecular structures, but according to the literature, mPA is far less sensitive to impact than the other two compounds.

Driving through dense fog: a study of the effects and control of sustainable public procurement of electric cars.

Governments are large buyers of vehicles, thus contributing to pollution. To promote sustainability, policies have been shaped to replace government-owned fossil fuel cars with electric cars. Public procurement is seen as a strategic tool for the government to transition.

Characterizing and quantifying low-value diagnostic imaging internationally: a scoping review.

Background: Inappropriate and wasteful use of health care resources is a common problem, constituting 10-34% of health services spending in the western world. Even though diagnostic imaging is vital for identifying correct diagnoses and administrating the right treatment, low-value imaging-in which the diagnostic test confers little to no clinical benefit-is common and contributes to inappropriate and wasteful use of health care resources. There is a lack of knowledge on the types and extent of low-value imaging.

Service users' experiences with mobile safety alarms in home care: A qualitative study.

Aim: To investigate service users of home-based care experiences of using mobile safety alarm and how the alarm affects their ability to cope with everyday life.

Design: A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews.

Methods: The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed according to systematic text condensation.

Mortality and Second Cancer Incidence After Treatment for Testicular Cancer: Psychosocial Health and Lifestyle Are Modifiable Prognostic Factors.

Purpose: To evaluate whether selected modifiable patient-reported adverse health outcomes (AHOs) in testicular cancer survivors (TCSs) represent prognostic factors of overall mortality, cancer mortality, and first-time non-germ cell second cancer (SecCa) incidence.

Patients And Methods: In 775 long-term TCSs (diagnosis: 1980-1994) who previously participated in a quality-of-life survey, 20-year mortality and SecCa incidence were compared between the surgery group (n = 272) and TCSs after platinum-based chemotherapy (PBCT; n = 503). A PBCT standard group (total cisplatin: ≤ 630 mg: n = 124) was separated from a PBCT high subgroup (total cisplatin: > 630 mg; n = 379).

Comparative analysis of explainable machine learning prediction models for hospital mortality.

Background: Machine learning (ML) holds the promise of becoming an essential tool for utilising the increasing amount of clinical data available for analysis and clinical decision support. However, the lack of trust in the models has limited the acceptance of this technology in healthcare. This mistrust is often credited to the shortage of model explainability and interpretability, where the relationship between the input and output of the models is unclear.

Efficient DNA Condensation Induced by Chiral β-Amino Acid-Based Cationic Surfactants.

Four cationic chiral amino acid-based surfactants, - and - and - and -, have been studied as DNA-condensing agents with enhanced properties and the absence of cell toxicity. The polar head of the surfactant is made of a cyclobutane β-amino acid in which the amino group is a hydrochloride salt and the carboxyl group is involved in an amide bond, allowing the link with hydrophobic C (surfactant ) or C (surfactant ) chains. The ability of these surfactants to condense DNA was investigated using a dye exclusion assay, gel electrophoresis, and circular dichroism and compared with the well-studied dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).

What can we learn from the SARS-COV-2 pandemic about the value of specific radiological examinations?

Background: The SARS-COV-2 pandemic provides a natural intervention to assess practical priority setting and internal evaluation of specific health services, such as radiological services. Norway makes an excellent case as it had a very low infection rate and very few cases of COVID-19. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to use the changes in performed outpatient radiological examinations during the first stages of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic to assess the practical evaluation of specific radiological examinations in Norway.

Thromboembolic Events During Treatment with Cisplatin-based Chemotherapy in Metastatic Testicular Germ-cell Cancer 2000-2014: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Background: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CBCT) in testicular cancer (TC) is associated with elevated venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, but trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of thromboprophylaxis are lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the arterial thromboembolism (ATE) and VTE incidence and risk factors during first-line CBCT for metastatic TC, and the effect of thromboprophylaxis on VTE and bleeding.

Design Setting And Participants: In a population-based study, 506 men administered first-line CBCT during 2000-2014 at three university hospitals in Norway were included.

Interventions to reduce low-value imaging - a systematic review of interventions and outcomes.

Background: It is estimated that 20-50% of all radiological examinations are of low value. Many attempts have been made to reduce the use of low-value imaging. However, the comparative effectiveness of interventions to reduce low-value imaging is unclear.

DNA Aptamer Functionalized Hydrogels for Interferometric Fiber-Optic Based Continuous Monitoring of Potassium Ions.

In the present paper, we describe a potassium sensor based on DNA-aptamer functionalized hydrogel, that is capable of continuous label-free potassium ion (K) monitoring with potential for in situ application. A hydrogel attached to the end of an optical fiber is designed with di-oligonucleotides grafted to the polymer network that may serve as network junctions in addition to the covalent crosslinks. Specific affinity toward K is based on exploiting a particular aptamer that exhibits conformational transition from single-stranded DNA to G-quadruplex formed by the di-oligonucleotide in the presence of K.

Testicular Cancer in the Cisplatin Era: Causes of Death and Mortality Rates in a Population-Based Cohort.

Purpose: Using complete information regarding testicular cancer (TC) treatment burden, this study aimed to investigate cause-specific non-TC mortality with impact on previous treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy (PBCT) or radiotherapy (RT).

Methods: Overall, 5,707 men identified by the Cancer Registry of Norway diagnosed with TC from 1980 to 2009 were included in this population-based cohort study. By linking data with the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), absolute excess risks (AERs; [(observed number of deaths - expected number of deaths)/person-years of observation] ×10,000), and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated.