Biases in AI: acknowledging and addressing the inevitable ethical issues.

Biases in artificial intelligence (AI) systems pose a range of ethical issues. The myriads of biases in AI systems are briefly reviewed and divided in three main categories: input bias, system bias, and application bias. These biases pose a series of basic ethical challenges: injustice, bad output/outcome, loss of autonomy, transformation of basic concepts and values, and erosion of accountability.

Mapping DWI signal reversal and long-term tissue outcomes following endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke.

Objectives: Diffusion-weighted imaging lesion reversal (DWI-R) is commonly observed on MRI after treatment for acute ischemic stroke. However, its extent across different brain regions post-endovascular therapy (EVT) and its long-term tissue-specific consequences are inadequately described in the literature. This study evaluated DWI-R across brain regions and tissue types and assessed long-term changes after 1 month.

Estimating overall survival of glioblastoma patients using clinical variables, tumor size, and location.

Background: Accurate prognosis of glioblastoma is crucial for better-informed treatment decisions, potentially leading to improved disease management. We investigated whether clinical variables, tumor size, and location, can serve as prognostic factors.

Methods: A retrospective, multicenter study enrolled 1318 adult patients with histopathologically confirmed glioblastoma undergoing first-time surgery, with survival censored for 188 patients.

Device-Detected Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With and Without Cryptogenic Ischemia: The ANTARCTICA Pooled Analysis.

Background: Insertable cardiac monitoring (ICM) detects atrial fibrillation (AF) in substantial proportions of cryptogenic stroke, noncryptogenic ischemic stroke without known AF, and nonstroke patients who are at risk of underlying AF. Given differences in patient characteristics across studies, there may be differences in AF detection rates on ICM across these subgroups that have not been identified. We investigate whether AF detection rates on ICM are higher in cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack (C-IS/TIA) patients compared with individuals with noncryptogenic stroke or without stroke, when accounting for differences in study populations.

Neuropsychological Profiles in Patients With Restrictive or Binge/Purge Subtype Eating Disorders: A Continuum Approach.

Objective: Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with neuropsychological inefficiencies across diagnoses. A transdiagnostic approach may help clarify how neuropsychological factors contribute to ED psychopathology. This study aimed to investigate the neuropsychological profiles in patients with restrictive or binge/purge subtype of EDs.

The impact of childhood sexual abuse and childhood traumatic events on outcome in adult inpatients with eating disorders.

Background: Childhood traumatic events (CTE) are frequently described in patients with eating disorders. However, the understanding of how such events impact eating disorder treatment outcome is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) or any CTE at baseline in a naturalistic transdiagnostic sample, and to evaluate how such events affect symptom change and rates of remission at follow-up.

Associations Between Frailty, Illness Severity, and Long-Term Mortality Among Older Adults Admitted to Municipal Acute Care.

Objectives: Important risk factors for mortality include frailty and illness severity. The National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) is widely used to assess acute illness severity and mortality risk, but age and frailty's impact on the association between NEWS2 and mortality is less understood, particularly in nonhospital settings. This study aimed to examine the associations between frailty, NEWS2, and 1-year postdischarge mortality in older adults admitted to the Oslo Municipal In-Patient Acute Care (MipAC) unit.

Tenecteplase in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Study (TenCRAOS): Protocol for a randomized-controlled trial.

Rationale: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an ophthalmologic emergency that, without prompt reperfusion, is associated with a high risk of permanent blindness. There is currently no evidence-based, effective treatment for CRAO.

Methods And Design: TenCRAOS is an investigator-initiated, international, multicenter, randomized controlled, double-dummy, double-blind, phase trial testing tenecteplase (TNK) 0.

Oral Health, Xerogenic Medications, and Frailty in Acutely Ill Older Adults.

Background: Oral health is an essential part of overall health and well-being in older adults and may be influenced by medications and frailty. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of xerostomia and hyposalivation and examine their associations with xerogenic medications and frailty in acutely ill older adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients aged ≥ 70 years admitted to the Municipal In-Patient Acute Care unit in Oslo, Norway.

European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline on visual impairment in stroke.

Visual impairment due to stroke is common. However, controversy exists on how best to screen for visual impairment, the timing at which to screen, and on the optimal management of the varying types of visual impairment. This European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline provides evidence-based recommendations to assist clinicians in decision-making on screening methods, timing of screening and assessment and management options in adult stroke survivors.

Geographical variations and potential low-value neuroimaging examinations in Norway from 2013 to 2022.

Purpose: To investigate the variations in the use of neuroimaging over time and across geographical regions and to investigate the use of two potential low-value neuroimaging examinations for all imaging in an entire country (Norway), including both inpatient and outpatient services from 2013 to 2022.

Method And Methods: Data on neuroimaging for outpatients was collected from the Norwegian Health Economics Administration, and inpatient data were collected from individual Hospital Trusts (HT) in Norway. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Low Achieved Systolic Blood Pressure Related to Kidney Protection in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic High-Risk Hypertensive Patients.

Background: Protecting the kidneys by lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) in hypertensive patients is not unequivocally settled. We tested the hypothesis that achieving lower average SBP in middle-aged and older high-risk hypertensive patients with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus through several years would clarify kidney protection.

Methods: We analyzed patients 50-80 years with no cardiovascular events during the first 6 months of drug up-titration after randomization to valsartan or amlodipine, and with 3 or more visits onwards with standardized BP measurements.

Transdiagnostic Cognitive Remediation Therapy for Patients with Eating Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

: Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with cognitive inefficiencies related to cognitive flexibility, central coherence, and inhibition. Transdiagnostic cognitive remediation therapy (TCRT) is a new adaption of cognitive remediation therapy aimed at addressing these difficulties across ED diagnoses. This study investigates the effects of TCRT as an adjunctive treatment for patients with EDs on cognitive and clinical outcomes.

Depletion of crude oil and fuel in the Arctic. Summer and winter field studies with immobilized oil in seawater at Svalbard.

Seasonal dynamics can vastly influence the natural depletion of oil spilled into the ocean and the Arctic regions are characterized by large seasonal changes, especially in temperature and daylight. To determine the influences of seasonal variation on natural oil depletion processes like dissolution, photooxidation and biodegradation, we deployed thin films of three oils in natural seawater during the Arctic summer and winter in Svalbard, Norway. The extent of oil depletion varied with season and the type of the oil, however, considerable depletion of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic compounds were observed during both summer and winter.

Arterial Collaterals and Endovascular Treatment Effect in Acute Ischemic Stroke with Large Infarct: A Secondary Analysis of the TENSION Trial.

Background Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that endovascular thrombectomy reduces functional disability in patients with large ischemic stroke; arterial collateral status might be used to select these patients for endovascular thrombectomy. Purpose To investigate whether arterial collateral status modifies the treatment effect of endovascular thrombectomy in patients with large ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods The Efficacy and Safety of Thrombectomy in Stroke with Extended Lesion and Extended Time Window (TENSION) trial was a prospective, multicenter, randomized study investigating participants with acute large ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion.

Entanglement of vimentin shapes the microrheological response of suspended-like melanoma WM35 cells to oscillatory strains induced by different AFM probe geometries.

Normal and pathological states of cells can be distinguished by their mechanical properties, which are thought to be determined by the organization of the actin network. In the body, cells exist in both adherent and non-adherent (suspended) states, and studies of the rheological properties of spread and suspended cells are needed to gain more insight into their response to strain. Herein, we show that WM35 melanoma cells in adherent and non-adherent states respond differently to oscillatory strain.

A method for non-invasive estimation of mitral valve annular regional strains.

Introduction: In this study, a method to assess local deformations along the mitral annulus curve is proposed.

Methods: It employs the known global geometry (from echocardiography) of the annulus during the cardiac cycle which is approximated with a closed cubic spline to generate a smooth mathematical representation of the annulus at each available time point. A point-wise mapping of the annular geometries between two consecutive times is established by minimizing the global displacements of the annulus.

The engagement of healthcare providers in implementing the selfBACK randomised controlled trial - A mixed-methods process evaluation.

Background: People with low back pain (LBP) are often recommended to self-manage their condition, but it can be challenging without support. Digital health interventions (DHIs) have shown promise in supporting self-management of LBP, but little is known about healthcare providers' (HCPs) engagement in implementing these.

Aims: We aimed to examine HCPs' engagement in patient recruitment for the selfBACK app clinical trial and explore their perceptions of the app.

Changes in health related quality of life in mothers with inflammatory joint disease from year 2000 to 2020 - a comparative cross-sectional study.

Objectives: More knowledge about health related quality of life (HRQoL) among mothers with inflammatory joint disease (IJD) is needed to understand the complex challenges for this group of patients. The overall aim of this study was to investigate changes in HRQoL among mothers with IJD from year 2000 to year 2020.

Methods: This study had a comparative cross-sectional design with two study groups 20 years apart, year 2000 ( = 77) and year 2020 ( = 197).

Postneonatal Cerebral Palsy in Europe: Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics According to Contributory Events: An SCPE Study.

Background: Postneonatal cerebral palsy (PNCP) is rare and requires large databases to be studied over time.

Objectives: To study the time trend of prevalence of PNCP overall and by cause, and to describe the clinical characteristics of children with PNCP according to cause and compared with children with pre/peri/neonatal CP (PPNCP).

Methods: The Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) database was used.

The effect of temperature constraints on the treatment of tumors using focused ultrasound-induced acoustic streaming.

The transport of drugs into tumor cells near the center of the tumor is known to be severely hindered due to the high interstitial pressure and poor vascularization. The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility to induce acoustic streaming in a tumor. Two tumor cases (breast and abdomen) are simulated to find the acoustic streaming and temperature rise, while varying the focused ultrasound transducer radius, frequency, and power for a constant duty cycle (1%).

Mapping the values of radiology.

Radiology is polyvalent, as it is valuable in many ways to many groups, such as to individuals, professionals, and populations. However, not all values are positive. While Value-Based HealthCare (VBHC) has moved the focus from volume-based to value-based health care and Value-Based Radiology (VBR) has highlighted a vast variety of values in radiology, such frameworks provide no measures to differentiate, assess, and balance the various values.