The Effects of Unilateral Cerebral Perfusion Under Mild Hypothermia.

DeBakey type I aortic dissection requires circulatory arrest during arch reconstruction, putting the brain at risk. In resource-limited centers, deep hypothermia can exacerbate coagulopathy and lead to increased bleeding. This study compares outcomes between mild and moderate hypothermia under unilateral cerebral perfusion (UCP).

Reperfusion injury in STEMI: a double-edged sword.

Background: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a major cardiac event that requires rapid reperfusion therapy. The same reperfusion mechanism that minimizes infarct size and mortality may paradoxically exacerbate further cardiac damage-a condition known as reperfusion injury. Oxidative stress, calcium excess, mitochondrial malfunction, and programmed cell death mechanisms make myocardial dysfunction worse.

CLIPPERS syndrome following papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a brainstem syndrome marked by punctate 'pepper-and-salt' enhancement on MRI and corticosteroid responsiveness. Evidence suggests that CLIPPERS may represent a cancer-related immune reaction, occurring before tumour detection, in association with active malignancy or after treatment. We report the first case associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid-Induced Rash in Epstein-Barr Virus Infection: A Case Report of a Diagnostic Pitfall in a 24-Year-Old Male.

Infectious mononucleosis (IM), caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is primarily a self-limiting illness. However, it often mimics bacterial infections, such as bacterial tonsillitis, which can represent a diagnostic pitfall and, consequently, increase the risk of developing complications. The aim of this case report is to highlight the complications resulting from the incorrect differential diagnosis of EBV-induced IM and its clinical significance.

Topical Heparin in Burns: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies.

Burns are associated with significant inflammation and pain. Topical agents like heparin can modulate these processes and improve outcomes. Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using topical heparin (TH) in patients with burns.

Peculiarities of implantation of the right graft veins into the inferior vena cava during living donor liver transplantation.

Background: Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a crucial alternative to deceased donor transplantation, especially in regions with limited access to cadaveric organs. Right lobe graft implantation into the inferior vena cava (IVC) requires advanced surgical techniques to optimize outcomes and reduce complications.

Aim: To compare two venous anastomosis techniques-direct polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafting of V5-V8 veins to the IVC triangulation to the right hepatic vein (RHV)-in terms of graft viability and postoperative outcomes.

Acquired Methemoglobinemia Following Nitrobenzene Poisoning: An Unusual Case Report.

Methemoglobinemia is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the oxidation of hemoglobin iron from ferrous (Fe²⁺) to ferric (Fe³⁺) state, impairing its oxygen-carrying capacity. Acquired forms can be triggered by exposure to oxidizing agents, such as nitrobenzene. We present the case of a 32-year-old female who developed symptomatic methemoglobinemia following oral ingestion of a commercial stimulant product containing nitrobenzene.

First report of adult Taenia solium in human brain with neurocysticercosis: illustrative case.

Background: This report presents the first documented case of a live, adult Taenia solium tapeworm discovered within the human brain-a finding that challenges the conventional understanding of neurocysticercosis (NCC), a parasitic disease typically caused by larval cysts.

Observations: A 54-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer presented with seizures, headaches, and photophobia. Initial suspicion of a metastatic brain tumor led to serial MRI studies, which revealed a migrating lesion in the right temporal lobe.

A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Patient Information Guides Produced by ChatGPT Versus Google Gemini for Three Pediatric Illnesses.

Objectives:  Educating pediatric patients and their caregivers about the disease is crucial for improving treatment adherence, recognizing complications early, and alleviating anxiety. AI tools such as ChatGPT and Google Gemini offer personalized education, benefiting patients and providers, and are increasingly utilized in healthcare. This study aims to compare patient education guides created by ChatGPT and Google Gemini for acute otitis media, pneumonia, and pharyngitis.

Drug-induced Sarcoid-like Reaction Presenting as Fascitis.

Drug-induced sarcoid-like reactions (DISRs) present complex challenges in clinical management. The most common presentation in FDG-PET/CT scan is bilateral symmetrical lymphadenopathy, and occasionally spleen and bone involvement. DISR presenting as fasciitis/ myofasciitis is extremely rare.

Assessing Atopic Dermatitis severity in children from Georgia: the correlation of inflammatory blood markers to the Eczema Area and Severity Index.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition prevalent among children worldwide. Systemic inflammation is a key factor in its pathophysiology. Correlating blood markers with Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) can reveal information about the severity and activity of the disorder, allowing for more focused treatment.

Evaluation of GPT-4 Accuracy in the Interpretation of Medical Imaging: Potential Benefits, Limitations, and the Future.

Introduction The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology as a medical decision support system has the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve patient outcomes. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of GPT-4o in interpreting radiological imaging, specifically X-ray, CT, and MRI images, across various organ systems and disease types. Methods A total of 377 cases were collected and presented to GPT-4o with a standardized prompt and no clinical context.

Isolated Mitral Valve Hydatid CYST Mimicking Myxoma: A Rare Case of Mitral Valve Echinococcosis.

Background: Cardiac involvement by is extremely rare, accounting for less than 2% of all hydatid disease cases. When it occurs, it commonly affects the left ventricle, while valvular involvement is exceedingly unusual.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 74-year-old woman from rural Georgia who developed progressive exertional dyspnoea and fatigue.

Cotard's Syndrome in a Patient With Paranoid Schizophrenia: A Case Report of a Type I Presentation.

This report presents a rare case of Cotard's syndrome in a middle-aged woman with paranoid schizophrenia. The patient developed symptoms characterized by Cotard's syndrome in the psychiatric ward after several days of treatment. Our patient's presentation was not typical: she had a nihilistic delusion but lacked depressive symptoms.

The genetic history of the Southern Caucasus from the Bronze Age to the Early Middle Ages: 5,000 years of genetic continuity despite high mobility.

The Caucasus was a hub for cultural and technological innovation in prehistory, yet the population history between the Greater and Lesser Caucasus remains insufficiently understood. We present genome-wide data of 205 individuals from modern Georgia and 25 from Armenia, spanning the period from the Bronze Age (BA) to the "Migration Period" (c. 3500 BCE-700 CE).

Harnessing Artificial Intelligence in Interventional Cardiology: A Systematic Review of Current Applications.

Interventional cardiology has recently advanced with innovations such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) as a transformative tool. This systematic review explored the current landscape, methodologies, and applications of AI in interventional cardiology. A comprehensive literature search was conducted following preferred reporting guidelines, identifying 20 studies after data extraction and quality assessment.

The Pathological Effects of Cardiac Transplantation in a 27-Year-Old Patient Leading to Cardiac Allograft Rejection and End-Stage Renal Disease: A Case Report.

Heart transplantation remains the gold standard for patients with end-stage heart failure, offering a median survival of 12 years. However, long-term complications, such as cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), infections, malignancies, and renal dysfunction, pose significant challenges. We present the case of a 27-year-old male who underwent heart transplantation at age 15 for dilated cardiomyopathy and now presents with multisystem failure.

Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Imaging: Current Landscape, Clinical Impact, and Future Directions.

Cardiovascular (CV) imaging is rapidly transforming with the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), automating and augmenting diagnostic pipelines in echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear imaging. In this review, we summarize recent developments in convolutional neural networks for real-time echocardiographic interpretation, deep learning for coronary artery calcium scoring that achieves near-perfect agreement with manual methods, and AI-driven plaque quantification and stenosis detection on coronary CT angiography, which achieves an accuracy of ≥ 96%. FDA-approved platforms (e.

Phenotypic Manifestations in Two Cases of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome.

Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is an emergency acute neurological condition that usually occurs secondary to rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia (low concentration of sodium in the blood). We present two cases: one with typical ODS following rapid sodium correction, showing classic MRI findings in the pons and basal ganglia; and another with atypical ODS presenting with cranial nerve palsy and ataxia, despite normal sodium levels, and diffuse hyperintensities in the pons and medulla on MRI. These cases emphasize the clinical and radiological variability of ODS, highlighting the importance of careful monitoring and gradual correction of electrolytes, particularly sodium, in high-risk patients.

Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy: Triggers and mechanisms.

Liver regeneration (LR) following partial hepatectomy (PH) is a unique and complex physiological response that restores hepatic mass and function through tightly orchestrated cellular and molecular events. Traditionally viewed as a proliferation-driven process, LR is now understood to involve both hepatocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, triggered primarily by hemodynamic alterations such as increased portal pressure and shear stress. These promote LR through endothelial-hepatocyte communication activation of Piezo1 - a mechanosensitive ion channel highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells.

Public Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Blood Donation in Georgia.

Blood donation is vital for saving lives and supporting healthcare systems worldwide. However, many countries, including Georgia, face challenges due to insufficient blood supplies. Despite its importance, there is limited data on public knowledge and attitudes toward blood donation in Georgia.

Autosomal dominant Kufs disease in a Georgian adult woman: A case report.

Progressive myoclonic epilepsies (PMEs) are a diverse group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by myoclonus, seizures, and progressive cognitive and motor decline. This report presents a case of a subtype of PME, autosomal dominant Kufs disease (NCL type 4) documented for the first time outside of North America or Western Europe. The patient had a six-year history of progressive epilepsy that was resistant to pharmacotherapy, followed by myoclonus, cerebellar dysfunction, and cognitive deterioration.

Retraction: Comparative Effectiveness of Endoscopic Versus Pharmacological Interventions for Variceal Rebleeding in Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.72085.

Chemical composition and biological capacity of essential oils and ethanol extracts from endemic species in the Armenian flora.

The chemical composition and biological activities of Nepeta species growing in Armenia were investigated. The essential oil composition was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which revealed the presence of key sesquiterpenes such as copaene (12.59%) and β-elemene (3.