Identification of proteins in semen-derived extracellular vesicles that bind to Tat and NF-κB and that may impair HIV replication.

Replication of HIV-1 requires the coordinated action of host and viral transcription factors, most critically the viral transactivator Tat and the host nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). This activity is disrupted in infected cells that are cultured with extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in human semen, suggesting that they contain factors that could inform the development of new therapeutics. Here, we explored the contents of semen-derived EVs (SEVs) from uninfected donors and individuals with HIV-1 and identified host proteins that interacted with HIV Tat and the NF-κB subunit p65.

Incidence and Outcomes of Pericardial Effusion After Congenital Heart Surgery.

Pericardial effusion (PCE) represents a significant postoperative complication following congenital heart surgery (CHS), contributing to more complex postoperative care and heightened morbidity. In this study, we aim to elucidate the risk factors contributing to PCE development post-CHS through analysis of data from a nationwide, multi-institutional database. Review of the Pediatric Health Information System Database from January 1, 2004, to December 30, 2023.

Spontaneous glutamate release activates mGluR signaling to drive rapid antidepressant responses.

Major depressive disorder affects millions worldwide, yet current treatments require prolonged administration. In contrast, ketamine produces rapid antidepressant effects by blocking spontaneous N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor signaling, which lifts the suppression of protein synthesis and triggers homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Here, we identify a parallel signaling pathway involving metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) that promotes rapid antidepressant-like effects.

An optimized C single-quantum CPMG relaxation dispersion experiment for investigating microsecond-to-millisecond timescale dynamics in large proteins.

Biomolecular dynamics in the microsecond-to-millisecond (µs-ms) timescale are linked to various biological functions, such as enzyme catalysis, allosteric regulation, and ligand recognition. In solution state NMR, Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) relaxation dispersion experiments are commonly used to probe µs-ms timescale motions, providing detailed kinetic, thermodynamic, and mechanistic information at the atomic level. For investigating conformational dynamics in high-molecular-weight biomolecules, methyl groups serve as ideal probes due to their favorable relaxation properties, and C CPMG relaxation dispersion is widely employed for characterizing dynamics in selectively CH-labeled samples.

Determining the power of a 1-sided z-test given only the power of the corresponding 2-sided test.

Estimating statistical power is essential for designing behavioral medicine studies efficiently and conserving finite resources. Sometimes behavioral medicine researchers are interested in calculating power for 1-sided z-tests of individual parameters (e.g.

Advancements and Innovations in Low-Temperature Hydrogen Electrochemical Conversion Devices Driven by 3D Printing Technology.

3D printing, as a versatile additive manufacturing technique, offers high design flexibility, rapid prototyping, minimal material waste, and the capability to fabricate complex, customized geometries. These attributes make it particularly well-suited for low-temperature hydrogen electrochemical conversion devices-specifically, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells, anion exchange membrane electrolyzer cells, and alkaline electrolyzers-which demand finely structured components such as catalyst layers, gas diffusion layers, electrodes, porous transport layers, and bipolar plates. This review provides a focused and critical summary of the current progress in applying 3D printing technologies to these key components.

Community-level social capital and postoperative outcomes following intracranial tumor surgery: an exploration of the Social Capital Atlas in neurosurgical oncology.

Background And Objectives: Explore whether community social capital measures (system of resources available to individuals through community engagement) are related to surgical outcomes among intracranial tumor patients.

Methods: Adults who underwent resection at a single medical center for intracranial tumor was identified and their zip codes were matched to three variables derived from the Social Capital Atlas: economic connectedness, volunteering rate, and civic organizations. The economic connectedness score quantifies the degree to which low-income and high-income community members are friends with each other, the volunteering rate is defined as the proportion of a given community engaged in community organizations and the civic organization score is defined as the number of local civic organizations within a given community.

A Social Ecological Approach to Understanding Posttraumatic Stress, Emotion Dysregulation, and Resilience Among Complex Trauma Survivors.

Complex trauma (CT), or chronic interpersonal trauma that begins early in life, has been associated with a multitude of negative outcomes, including posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and emotion dysregulation. Some CT survivors also exhibit adaptive functioning, such as resilience. Social and contextual factors may have an impact on the expression of adverse and adaptive outcomes for CT survivors, yet have been neglected.

Effects of isoflavone supplementation, via red clover hay, on the growth and postgraze physiological recovery of beef steers grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures.

Livestock grazing endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue can exhibit persistent systemic vasoconstriction and fescue toxicosis. Isoflavones in legumes, most notably red clover (RC), are known hypotensive agents. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of isoflavone supplementation via RC hay, every day or every other day (QOD), on average daily gain (ADG) of steers grazing E+ tall fescue pastures and their physiological recovery after grazing when managed on a non-toxic diet (28-d).

The efficacy of 5.5-mm diameter rods combined with cervical pedicle screws for the treatment of challenging spinal disease in cervicothoracic junction: Is it a game-changer?

The cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) presents a surgical challenge due to its transitional nature from mobile to rigid segments. Therefore, the biomechanical characteristics of this transitional zone must be taken into consideration during instrumentation. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of the cervical pedicle screw placement (CPS) combined with 5.

A Pilot Study Using Casino Shifts to Improve Sleep for Emergency Medicine Fellows Working Night Shifts.

Objectives: Casino shifts, which end at 4 AM and allow sleep during the circadian "anchor period," may improve sleep and reduce fatigue for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows working night shifts. We hypothesized that using a casino shift model would improve perceived fatigue levels and measured sleep metrics.

Methods: In this pilot prospective observational cohort study, fellows worked traditional night shifts for one month (control) followed by casino shifts for one month (intervention).

The impact of bleomycin test doses on the development of acute hypersensitivity reactions.

Purpose: Hypersensitivity reactions are a side effect of bleomycin. Test doses have been utilized to attempt to predict patients who would develop these reactions. Despite this, there is scant data available on whether these test doses actually predict the development of reactions.

An inhibitor of UHM splicing factors exerts anti-leukemic activity by altering cell cycle progression and reducing lysosome acidification.

Mature mRNAs are generated by spliceosomes that recruit factors to aid RNA splicing in which introns are removed and exons joined. Among the splicing factors, a family of proteins contain a homologous U2 Auxiliary Factor (U2AF) Homology Motif (UHM) to bind with factors containing U2AF ligand motifs (ULM) and recruit them to regulate 3' splice site selection. Mutations and overexpression of UHM splicing factors are frequently found in cancers.

Neuroimaging Findings in Children and Young Adults With Neurotoxicity After CAR T-Cell Therapy for B-Cell Malignancies.

Background And Objectives: Neuroimaging findings in immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) have not been systematically described. We created the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell Neurotoxicity Imaging Virtual Archive Library (CARNIVAL), a centralized imaging database for children and young adults receiving CAR T-cell therapy. Objectives of this study were to (1) characterize neuroimaging findings associated with ICANS and (2) determine whether specific ICANS-related neuroimaging findings are associated with individual neurologic symptoms.

Chronic Health Conditions and Academic Achievement: A Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Report.

Purpose: To examine associations between special education, chronic health conditions (CHCs), and college graduation in survivors of childhood cancer and their siblings.

Methods: Childhood Cancer Survivor Study participants included 23,082 5-year survivors (53.7% male; median [IQR] age at diagnosis, 6 [3-13] years; age at evaluation, 31.

Cooling outweighs warming across phenological transitions in the Northern Hemisphere.

Vegetation phenology, i.e., seasonal biological events such as leaf-out and leaf-fall, regulates local climate through biophysical processes like evapotranspiration (ET) and albedo.

The Safety Profile of Belzutifan in Renal Tumors: Real-World Data from a Tertiary Academic Center.

Background: Belzutifan is a HIF-2ɑ inhibitor approved for the treatment of tumors in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome and sporadic metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (spRCC) in the refractory setting. The efficacy and side effects of belzutifan are well-documented from clinical trials, however, real-world data examining the incidence and management of adverse events (AEs) are lacking. Our study aims to describe the AE profiles of belzutifan in spRCC and VHL populations.

SIRT1 modulation and lipid profile alterations in the cellular regulation of blood lipids in renal disorders among extremely obese individuals.

The global epidemic of overweight and obesity is closely linked to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with extremely obese individuals facing a particularly high risk. This study aimed to assess the relationship between lipid profile levels, SIRT1 expression, and RNA-34a-5P in the regulation of blood lipid levels among severely obese individuals with renal diseases. Conducted over six months in three specialized hospitals, the study included 100 participants divided into two groups: 50 obese individuals with renal diseases and 50 obese controls without renal problems.

Narrowing and Reversing Sex Gaps in Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorder Among Adolescents and Young Adults.

Background: Historically, cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) have been more prevalent among males. However, emerging evidence suggests cannabis use may be increasing faster among females in younger age groups. This study characterized changes in female versus male differences in cannabis use and CUD across age groups and time.

A Systematic Evaluation of Wording Effects Modeling Under the Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Framework.

Wording effects, the systematic method variance arising from the inconsistent responding to positively and negatively worded items of the same construct, are pervasive in the behavioral and health sciences. Although several factor modeling strategies have been proposed to mitigate their adverse effects, there is limited systematic research assessing their performance with exploratory structural equation models (ESEM). The present study evaluated the impact of different types of response bias related to wording effects (random and straight-line carelessness, acquiescence, item difficulty, and mixed) on ESEM models incorporating two popular method modeling strategies, the correlated traits-correlated methods minus one (CTC[M-1]) model and random intercept item factor analysis (RIIFA), as well as the "do nothing" approach.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mitigated nitrogen leaching by enhancing soil nitrogen retention in Abel. soils.

Nitrogen leaching is a major pathway of nitrogen fertilizer loss. Although arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to reduce nitrogen leaching by improving plant nitrogen uptake, the soil-based mechanisms remain unclear. A pot experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design, with four nitrogen levels (0, 3.

Analysis of essential genes in by CRISPRi and Tn-seq.

Essential genes are interesting in their own right and as potential antibiotic targets. To date, only one report has identified essential genes on a genome-wide scale in , a problematic pathogen for which treatment options are limited. That foundational study used large-scale transposon mutagenesis to identify 404 protein-encoding genes as likely to be essential for vegetative growth of the epidemic strain R20291.