Predictive modelling of clinically significant depressive symptoms after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: protocol for a multicentre observational study in two Swiss hospitals (the PsyCor study).

Introduction: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains one of the most commonly performed cardiac surgeries worldwide. Despite surgical advancements, a significant proportion of patients experience psychological distress following surgery, with depression being particularly common. Current evidence regarding the effectiveness of preoperative psychological interventions in improving postoperative mental health outcomes remains inconclusive.

Nutritional iodine intake in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: Iodine deficiency (ID) causes a wide range of health issues, from endemic goiter to more subtle effects resulting from reduced thyroid hormone production. The recommended daily iodine intake for adolescents and adults is 150 µg, which corresponds to a median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of 100-299 µg/L at the population level. Individuals with anorexia nervosa typically suffer from deficiencies in micronutrients and vitamins, but there is little data on iodine status.

Vibrational Architecture of [FeS] Iron-Sulfur Cubanes.

We herein present a comprehensive analysis of the oxidation-state-dependence of the Fe partial vibrational density of states (PVDOS), measured using nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS), across a complete oxidation state series of iron-sulfur cubane (FeS) clusters, which covers the [FeS] redox levels. It is thereby revealed that the electronic/magnetic (and the thereof resulting geometric) symmetry of the respective complexes imprints onto their vibrational architecture, providing a rare experimental insight into the elusive relationship between these fundamental attributes. Modeling of our results at the broken-symmetry (BS) density functional theory (DFT) level allowed rationalizing the observed trends and supports the empirical correlations.

Stepwise and reversible assembly of [2Fe-2S] rhombs to [8Fe-8S] clusters and their topological interconversions.

Among all enzymatic metallocofactors, those found in nitrogenases, the P and L or M clusters, stand out for their intricate structures. They are assembled by proteins of the Nif gene cluster from FeS rhombs-the smallest building blocks in FeS cluster chemistry-through a sequence of reactions constructing a FeS precursor. To advance our understanding of how enzymes selectively build such elaborate inorganic molecules, here we parallel the biosynthetic pathway by reporting the rational stepwise assembly of [FeS] (m = 2, 4, 6) clusters from [FeS] rhombs within an extensive cyclic synthetic network.

Ayahuasca-inspired DMT/harmine formulation alters creative thinking dynamics during artistic creation.

Background: While psychedelics are often claimed to enhance creativity, their precise effects on distinct stages of creative cognition remain poorly understood. This study investigated the acute effects of an ayahuasca-inspired formulation combining N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and harmine (DMT/HAR), as well as harmine alone (HAR), on micro-level (divergent/convergent thinking) and macro-level (creative process dynamics) creativity.

Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject design, 30 healthy male participants completed three sessions (DMT/HAR, HAR, placebo).

Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for the detection of diarrheagenic in wastewater.

Diarrheagenic is responsible for a substantial portion of foodborne diseases globally. The use of standard diagnostic tools for the detection of diarrheagenic often hampers the establishment of robust surveillance when no expensive laboratory equipment, such as thermocyclers, is present. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has shown potential to enable the resource-efficient detection of pathogens.

Mutualism between degraders and nondegraders stabilizes the function of a natural biopolymer-degrading community.

Natural biopolymer-degrading microbial communities drive carbon biogeochemical cycling. Within these communities, polymer degraders facilitate the growth of nondegraders by breaking down polymers through extracellular enzymes. However, the contributions of nondegraders to community dynamics, as well as the mechanisms that limit their access to degradation products, remain poorly understood.

Altered Effective Connectivity of the Numerical Brain in Children With Developmental Dyscalculia.

Numerical-order ability, a strong predictor of arithmetic, is often impaired in children with developmental dyscalculia (DD). While previous research has shown altered brain responses in number-processing regions in DD compared to typically developing children (TD), little is known about how these regions interact during number processing. This exploratory study examined the effective connectivity between six regions in the right parietal, frontal, and insular cortex as well as the vermis, using dynamic causal modeling (DCM).

Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of co-administered N,N-dimethyltryptamine and harmine in healthy subjects.

N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a psychedelic compound commonly co-administered with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor harmine in ayahuasca-inspired formulations. However, the impact of harmine on DMT pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) remains insufficiently characterized. In this single-blind, randomized, two-arm, factorial, dose-finding study, 16 healthy participants (9 males, 7 females) received six combinations of buccal DMT (0-120 mg) and harmine (0-180 mg) via a microcarrier-based transmucosal delivery system.

Orbitofrontal Thickness and Network Associations as Transdiagnostic Signature of Amotivation Along the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Spectrum.

Background And Hypothesis: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ), particularly amotivation, are prominent across both SCZ and bipolar disorder (BD). While orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) alterations have been implicated in the development of negative symptoms, their contributions across disorders remain to be established. Here, we examined how OFC thickness and network associations relate to amotivation compared to diminished expression across the BD-SCZ spectrum.

Molecular brain imaging of psychedelic action.

Molecular brain imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computer-tomography (SPECT) entails the mapping of the cerebral distribution of radiopharmaceuticals that track physiological processes such as blood perfusion and glucose metabolism, or the abundance in brain of specific molecular targets such as neuroreceptors. PET and SPECT emerged as useful in vivo research technologies in the 1980s, finding early application in the study of psychostimulant drugs. The past decade has seen growing use of molecular imaging methods in the study of psychedelic action, although the published literature remains comparatively small.

Encapsulation of protein/DNA complexes into unilamellar liposomes via annexin-mediated membrane recruitment and sonication.

This paper reports an effective protocol to encapsulate native protein/DNA complexes into unilamellar vesicles composed of natural lipids without the use of organic solvents, in physiological buffers, and at low protein/DNA concentrations. DNA compaction is achieved with the human mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), which forms complexes (TFAMoplexes) when mixed with plasmid DNA (pDNA). The complexes are recruited to the surface of preformed giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) with the help of human annexin A4 and thereby concentrated at the membranes.

Gender Disparities in Artificial Intelligence-Generated Images of Hospital Leadership in the United States.

Objective: To evaluate demographic representation in artificial intelligence (AI)-generated images of hospital leadership roles and compare them with real-world data from US hospitals.

Patients And Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted from October 1, 2024 to October 31, 2024, analyzed images generated by 3 AI text-to-image models: Midjourney 6.0, OpenAI ChatGPT DALL-E 3, and Google Gemini Imagen 3.

Bridging the gap between scientists and clinicians: addressing collaboration challenges in clinical AI integration.

This article explores challenges for bridging the gap between scientists and healthcare professionals in artifical intelligence (AI) integration. It highlights barriers, the role of interdisciplinary research centers, and the importance of diversity, equity, and inclusion. Collaboration, education, and ethical AI development are essential for optimizing AI's impact in perioperative medicine.

The energy supply security pyramid: A quantitative framework for planning and policy making.

Energy supply security (ESS) is one of the pillars of the Energy Trilemma. Although crucial for the transition to sustainable energy systems, ESS is frequently overlooked in energy system design. This article introduces the ESS Pyramid, a hierarchical framework combining conceptual insights with quantitative metrics to assess supply security.

AI and inclusion in simulation education and leadership: a global cross-sectional evaluation of diversity.

Background: Simulation-based medical education (SBME) is a critical training tool in healthcare, shaping learners' skills, professional identities, and inclusivity. Leadership demographics in SBME, including age, gender, race/ethnicity, and medical specialties, influence program design and learner outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) platforms increasingly generate demographic data, but their biases may perpetuate inequities in representation.

Ayahuasca-inspired DMT/HAR formulation reduces brain differentiation between self and other faces.

Background: Psychedelics are known to profoundly alter perception and self-referential processing, yet their specific effects on face recognition -particularly with regard to the recognition of face familiarity-remain underexplored.

Objective: This study investigates the effects of an ayahuasca-inspired novel DMT/HAR (N,N-dimethyltryptamine/Harmine) formulation and Harmine alone on face recognition and self-referential processing, as measured by event-related potentials (ERPs) and subjective behavioral measures.

Methods: In a within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 30 healthy male participants underwent EEG recording during a visual oddball task involving Self, Familiar, and Unknown Faces.

Interactions Between Killer Whales () and Neonate Long-Finned Pilot Whales () off South Iceland.

Cetacean interactions can be diverse and complex, spanning agonistic to affiliative behaviors. While killer whales are known for complex hunting strategies and a wide range of prey worldwide, they also engage in various non-predatory interspecific interactions. This study describes two encounters off south Iceland, on the 23rd of June 2022 and the 20th of June 2023, where neonate pilot whales were observed with killer whale groups.

Defining the role of processing in food classification systems-the IUFoST formulation & processing approach.

The Task Force on Food Processing for Nutrition, Diet and Health established by the International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST) has developed a rational approach to determine the impact of food processing on the nutritional value of processed foods, called the IUFoST Formulation and Processing Classification (IF&PC) scheme which is comprehensively reported here. The purpose of developing this scheme is (A) to address the current confusion between formulation and processing and thereby offer assistance to improve and refine the controversial NOVA classification system, and (B) to explore the potential for considering other relevant essential food attributes, such as (a) safety, (b) sustainability, (c) palatability, (d) affordability, and (e) convenience in food product classification. The authors recommend that this IUFoST initiative be further investigated and complemented based on concerted R&D interactions of food scientists, food engineers, and nutritionists.

The Anterior Insula Processes a Time-Resolved Subjective Risk Prediction Error.

The insula processes errors in the prediction of risky, motivationally relevant outcomes and thereby is thought to respond similarly to better-than-predicted and worse-than-predicted outcomes. However, the nature of the encoded risk prediction error signals remained unclear. Moreover, the insula was proposed to preferentially process events and stimuli in the aversive domain, rather than in a domain-general fashion.

Healthy homes: Stakeholder perspectives on housing interventions to reduce environmentally mediated infections.

Housing conditions are intrinsically linked to human health, with inadequate housing potentially increasing exposure to environmentally mediated pathogens. Beyond efforts to improve water and sanitation and reduce household air pollution, housing improvements remain relatively under-explored as health interventions. This study explored facilitators of and barriers to funding, implementing, and scaling up of housing improvements as health interventions to reduce environmentally mediated infectious diseases.

An Analytical Workflow to Quantify Biodegradable Polyesters in Soils and Its Application to Incubation Experiments.

Soil biodegradable polyesters are designed to undergo to microbial utilization in aerobic soils, forming carbon dioxide and microbial biomass. These polyesters are thus viable substitutes for conventional, persistent polymers (e.g.

PDL1-expressing macrophages infiltrate diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and promote lymphoma growth in a MYC-driven experimental model.

The infiltration of diffuse large- and other mature B-cell lymphomas with T- and myeloid cells is a key tumor microenvironmental feature but is not currently factored into treatment decisions. Here, we have used multiplex immunofluorescence microscopy to quantify the immune infiltrates of >260 diffuse large B-cell- (DLBCL), follicular- (FL) and mantle cell lymphomas (MCL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLL) relative to clinical outcomes, mutational landscape and phenotype. MCL were found to be the "coldest" and DLBCL the "hottest" entities.

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate to promote slow-wave sleep in major depressive disorder: a randomized crossover trial.

In major depressive disorder (MDD), main clinical features include insomnia and increased daytime sleepiness. However, specific treatment options to promote sleep in MDD are limited. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB, administered as sodium oxybate) is a GHB/GABA receptor agonist used clinically in narcolepsy, where it promotes restorative slow-wave sleep (SWS) while reducing next-day sleepiness.