Light and Electron Microscopic Characterization of Vascular and Mitochondrial Structures in the Camel Retina.

Camels have unique morphological traits that enable them to adapt well to harsh conditions. This work aims to describe the vascular architecture of the camel retina and investigate its cellular components with a focus on the distribution of mitochondria in Muller cells and photoreceptors, using light and electron microscopy. The camel retina is euangiotic in which blood vessels extend in the inner retina from the nerve fiber layer to the outer plexiform layer.

Redefining Root Canal Shaping: From Size to Volume-The Functional Endodontic Volume Concept.

Aim: This article aims to introduce and elaborate on the innovative concept of Functional Endodontic Volume (FEV), a biologically driven approach to root canal shaping. This concept emphasizes the importance of volumetric preparation aimed at enhancing irrigation dynamics during root canal treatment, all while maintaining the tooth's structural integrity.

Summary: In recent years, contemporary endodontics has progressively shifted towards methods that prioritize irrigation-based disinfection.

Classification of musculoskeletal pain using machine learning.

Musculoskeletal pain is a significant health concern affecting individuals across various demographics and professions, often leading to reduced productivity and impaired quality of life. This study proposes a framework leveraging Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to evaluate and assess musculoskeletal pain risk based on a comprehensive dataset encompassing demographic, professional, physical, and lifestyle characteristics. The dataset includes detailed information on individuals' pain experiences across multiple body regions, providing a robust foundation for identifying correlations and risk factors.

Tamarix honey phenolics attenuate cisplatin-induced kidney toxicity by inhibition of inflammation mediated IL-6/STAT3/TNF-α and oxidative stress-dependent Nrf2/caspase-3 apoptotic signaling pathways.

Introduction: Cisplatin (CIS) is a productive chemotherapeutic agent that is effective against a variety of cancer types. Its utilization is linked to acute kidney injury and other adverse consequences. Among its toxic effects are oxidative stress, apoptosis as well as inflammation.

The influence of cavity design on the mechanical behavior of endo-crown restorations: an ex-vivo study.

Background: Root canal-treated teeth often exhibit significant structural loss, necessitating effective and conservative restorative techniques. The present study aimed to assess the effect of cavity design on the fracture resistance of endo-crown restorations.

Materials And Methods: Thirty human mandibular first molars were carefully chosen based on a sample size estimation.

Structure-based design of benzofuran library as P. aeruginosa quorum sensing inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study.

Two series of benzofuran-based thiosemicarbazides 7, 8(a-l) are evaluated as P. aeruginosa quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs). The studied compounds resulted in reduction of violacein production of C.

The impact of different mechanical file systems with or without adjunctive approaches on disinfection of oval root canals: an ex vivo study.

Background The available evidence does not conclusively demonstrate the superiority of a specific file system for effectively disinfecting oval root canals. Additionally, it remains unclear whether adjunctive methods can enhance the disinfection of oval canals.Objectives The study aimed to compare bacterial reduction in oval canals using a single-file versus multi-file system, with or without adjunctive disinfection.

Exploiting the power of stepwise intraoperative irrigant activation to maximize oval canal disinfection: an ex-vivo investigation.

Objectives: To evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of stepwise intraoperative activation of the root canal irrigant, both alone and when combined with conventional ultrasonic activation, compared to the traditional syringe irrigation method in oval root canals.

Methods: Sixty single-rooted maxillary second premolars were selected according to specific criteria. After creating an access opening and root canal patency in all samples, a cycle of autoclave sterilization was conducted.

VISTA is a potential target for immunotherapy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.

Immune checkpoints expressed by immune cells are critical mediators of immune suppression in cancer. Recently, the role of VISTA, an immune checkpoint, in suppressing T cells has been highlighted in several studies. However, its involvement in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remains underexplored.

Unveiling ortho-phenolic Mannich ciprofloxacin-chalcone conjugates with potential antineoplastic activity: synthesis, mechanistic study, in silico docking and molecular dynamic simulation.

A new series of ortho-phenolic Mannich ciprofloxacin-chalcone hybrids 5a-j were synthesized and evaluated against the NCI-60 cancer cell lines, unveiling their promising potential as cytotoxic agents. Notably, compounds 5a, 5d and 5j exhibited notable anti-proliferative efficacy against both LOX IMVI and HCT 116 cell lines, indicating promising cytotoxic potential, with IC = 2.53, 2.

Synthesis and apoptotic induction of sulfonamide-based chalcone hybrids as first-in-class dual histone deacetylase‑carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with potential anti-tubulin activity.

Given the excellent synthetic accessibility score and biological profile emerged by both chalcone scaffolds and sulfonamide moieties, two novel series of chalcone-sulfonamide hybrids, designated as 3a-i and 6a-e, were synthesized and characterized using NMR spectroscopy (H and C). The designated compounds were assessed for their in vitro cytotoxic effects on a panel of four of the most common cancers: breast carcinoma (MCF-7), colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), cervical carcinoma (HeLa), and lung cancer cells (A549). Most of the evaluated hybrids demonstrated comparable anticancer efficacy compared to the reference drug, SAHA, across the four cancer cell lines.

Optimized frequency stabilization in hybrid renewable power grids with integrated energy storage systems using a modified fuzzy-TID controller.

This article presents several innovative methods to mitigate frequency deviations in hybrid renewable power grids (HRPGs) with high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs). Two models of the HRPGs are considered: the first model is a two-area power grid that combines three conventional power plants and two RESs in each area, while the second model is the IEEE 39-bus system. The tie-line is connected in series with a unified power flow controller (UPFC).

Exploitation of novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold tethered to thiazole as potential EGFR/HER2 dual kinase inhibitor to overcome lapatinib resistant breast cancer: Design, synthesis, in silico docking and molecular dynamic simulation.

The overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is widely acknowledged as having diagnostic and prognostic significance in breast cancer, and despite lapatinib (EGFR/HER2 dual inhibitor) achieves high cure rates in most breast cancer cases, many patients develop resistance and don't respond to it. Thus, the design of new approaches of EGFR/HER2 inhibitors for the management of breast cancer is an urgent need. Herein, novel pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives tethered to hydrazones, thiazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles were developed and evaluated as EGFR/HER2 dual inhibitors.

Triphosgene/KF-mediated acyl fluoride synthesis fluoro(chloro)phosgene.

The transformation of carboxylic acids into acyl fluorides triphosgene-mediated deoxyfluorination utilizing inexpensive potassium fluoride (KF) has been achieved. This method affords a diverse range of acyl fluorides in high yields and exceptional purity. Analysis using F NMR spectroscopy reveals that fluorophosgene and chlorofluorophosgene, generated , serve as the reactive intermediates crucial to the conversion process.

Design and synthesis of a novel quinoline thiazolidinedione hybrid as a potential antidiabetic PPARγ modulator.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) remains a critical target for antidiabetic drug development due to its role in glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the adverse effects associated with full agonists of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class, such as weight gain and hepatotoxicity, limit their clinical utility. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of (Z)-5-benzylidene-3-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (compound 7), a novel TZD derivative that functions as a potential PPARγ modulator.

Repurposing Nitroimidazoles: A New Frontier in Combatting Bacterial Virulence and Quorum Sensing via In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Insights.

The global antibiotic resistance crisis demands innovative strategies targeting bacterial virulence rather than survival. Quorum sensing (QS), a key regulator of virulence and biofilm formation, offers a promising avenue to mitigate resistance by disarming pathogens without bactericidal pressure. This study investigates the repurposing of nitroimidazoles as anti-QS and anti-virulence agents at subminimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs).

Effect of Adding Scapulothoracic Stabilization Exercises to Dorsal Scapular Nerve Blockade in Patients with Nerve Entrapment Syndrome: A Single Blinded randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundDorsal scapular nerve (DSN) entrapment commonly causes an inconvenient pain in the peri-scapular area and arm.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of adding scapulothoracic stabilization exercises (StSE) to DSN blockade on pain intensity, upper extremity disability, DSN conductivity and fatigue severity in people with DSN entrapment.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, 60 patients with chronic DSN entrapment, were assigned to control (n = 30) and intervention (n = 30) groups.

Short term effectevness of tibial nerve flossing technique in patients With tarsal tunnel syndrome.

ObjectiveTo examine the short-term influence of adding tibial nerve flossing (TNF) technique to conventional therapy on foot pain, Dorsiflexion-Eversion (DF-E) test, ankle range of motion (ROM), and tibial nerve conduction study (NCS) in individuals with Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (TTS).MethodsThis was a parallel randomized pre-post-test single blinded controlled trial, included 54 individuals with TTS randomized into study and control groups. Both groups received conventional therapy including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), therapeutic ultrasound (US), gastrocnemius (GC) muscle stretching, and foot arches supports/wedges provided as needed with an additional (TNF) technique provided for the study group.

Change in the size of apical radiolucencies in adolescent's mature maxillary incisors following retreatment with two regenerative endodontic techniques: a 12-month randomised clinical trial using volume-based cone-beam computed tomography.

Objectives: The primary aim of this randomised clinical trial was to compare the one year clinical and radiographic outcome of mature permanent central incisors with periapical radiolucencies in adolescents after root canal retreatment using two regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) with revitalization using induced blood clot formation (BC) or platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The secondary aim was to assess the responses of the teeth to thermal and electric pulp tests.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-four root filled maxillary central incisors with post-treatment endodontic disease and periapical radiolucencies in 48 adolescents were allocated into two groups (n = 27) using permuted block randomisation.

Comparing the immune response of mRNA-based, inactivated COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines and their effects on submandibular glands and associated lymph nodes in albino rats: biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical analysis.

Objectives: This research attempted to compare the immune response of Pfizer, Sinovac, and Influvac tetra vaccines in addition to comparing their effects on the submandibular glands (SMGs) and associated lymph nodes in albino rats.

Material And Methods: Forty rats were allocated into four groups: group Ι (control), group II (Pfizer), group III (Sinovac) and group IV (Influvac tetra). Serum immunoglobulins G and A (IgG and IgA) were measured.

Novel chalcone candidates as potential in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory agents: Synthesis, in silico docking, multitarget bioevaluation and molecular dynamic simulation.

Managing inflammation with the commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represents a critical challenge in modern medicine because of its strong influence on the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzyme might induce substantial adverse effects. Therefore, there is urgent necessity for the exploration of safer alternatives, particularly cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. This study aimed to address this issue through the synthesis and evaluation of 19 new chalcone derivatives (2a-m and 4a-f) for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity against various biotargets including iNOS, COX-2, 5-LOX, PGE2, and TNFα.

Reliable Vehicle Routing Problem Using Traffic Sensors Augmented Information.

The stochastic routing transportation network problem presents significant challenges due to uncertainty in travel times, real-time variability, and limited sensor data availability. Traditional adaptive routing strategies, which rely on real-time travel time updates, may lead to suboptimal decisions due to dynamic traffic fluctuations. This study introduces a novel routing framework that integrates traffic sensor data augmentation and deep learning techniques to improve the reliability of route selection and network observability.

The impact of passive ultrasonic irrigation on the bond strength of two different self-etch adhesives to human pulp chamber dentine: a laboratory investigation.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of passive ultrasonic irrigation on the micro-tensile bond strength of two different self-etch adhesive systems, including a universal one-step adhesive and a two-step adhesive system, to pulp chamber dentine compared to conventional syringe irrigation.

Methods: Twenty-four extracted human mandibular first molar teeth were chosen according to strict criteria and mounted in epoxy resin blocks. Subsequently, the pulp chambers were exposed using an Isomet cutting machine.

Clinical and radiographic outcomes of non-surgical retreatment of mature maxillary incisions using two regenerative endodontic techniques in adolescents: a 24-month randomized clinical trial.

Aims: The primary aim was to monitor the healing of the periapical radiolucencies of adolescents' mature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis after root canal retreatment with two REPs techniques at 24 months of follow-up. The secondary aim was to assess clinical outcomes and positive responses of retreated teeth to pulp sensibility tests.

Methodology: Forty adolescents with 48 teeth were enroled and randomly allocated into two equal groups after being matched according to their periapical index (PAI) scores.