The subtherapeutic dose of valproic acid induces the activity of cardiolipin-dependent proteins.

A mood-stabilizing anticonvulsant valproic acid (VPA) is a drug with a pleiotropic effect on cells. Here, we describe the impact of VPA on the metabolic function of human HAP1 cells. We show that VPA altered the biosynthetic pathway of cardiolipin (CL) and affected the activities of mitochondrial enzymes such as pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and NADH dehydrogenase.

Unveiling Versatile Applications and Toxicity Considerations of Graphitic Carbon Nitride.

Metal-free, low-cost, organic photocatalytic graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) has become a promising and impressive material in numerous scientific fields due to its unique physical and chemical properties. As a semiconductor with a suitable band gap of ~2.7 eV, g-CN is an active photocatalytic material even after irradiation with visible light.

Synthesis of Modified Nano-Hydrotalcite Clay by Micellar Method and Its Application as Gel-like Crude Oil Flow Improver.

The network formed by wax precipitation at low temperature and colloid asphaltene at high temperature leads to poor fluidity of heavy oil, and the gelling characteristics of crude oil lead to pipeline blockage, which affects the exploitation, transportation and refining of crude oil. This work prepares a series of cationic surfactant-modified nano hydrotalcite (CSNH) to weaken the network structure and enhance the fluidity of the crude oil by the interaction of organic and inorganic functional groups on the CSNH surface and the components of the crude oil. The results show that CSNHs can all reduce the viscosity of crude oil from different oilfields, among which BTNH can reduce the viscosity of Yanglou (YL) crude oil by 98.

Magnetic anisotropy and slow relaxation of magnetisation in double salts containing four- and six-coordinate cobalt(II) complex ions.

Four novel Co(II) coordination compounds 1-4 of the general formula [Co(L)][Co(NCY)]·CHCN (where L are tridentate ligands L1 = 2,6-bis(1-hexyl-1-benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine for 1 and 2; L2 = 2,6-bis(1-octyl-1-benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine for 3; L3 = 2,6-bis(1-dodecyl-1-benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine for 4, Y = O for 1, 3, and 4 and Y = S for 2; = 0 for 1 and 3, = 0.5 for 2 and = 2 for 4) were prepared and characterised. The molecular structures of all four compounds consist of the hexacoordinate complex cation [Co(L)] and tetracoordinate complex anion [Co(NCY)], with distorted octahedral and tetrahedral symmetry of coordination polyhedra, respectively.

Development of a conceptual model for an information management system in spatial planning projects. Case study of making-city project.

Efficient information management is pivotal for the effective execution of spatial planning projects, yet many encounter hurdles stemming from disjointed information systems and processes. In this article, authors consider the intricacies of information management within the realm of spatial planning, leveraging insights from the multifaceted MAKING-CITY project to elucidate common challenges and propose innovative solutions. The proposed conceptual model for an integrated information management system offers a holistic approach, aiming to eliminate weaknesses inherent in existing information landscapes by seamlessly integrating diverse information components into a unified framework.

Radiomics of pituitary adenoma using computer vision: a review.

Pituitary adenomas (PA) represent the most common type of sellar neoplasm. Extracting relevant information from radiological images is essential for decision support in addressing various objectives related to PA. Given the critical need for an accurate assessment of the natural progression of PA, computer vision (CV) and artificial intelligence (AI) play a pivotal role in automatically extracting features from radiological images.

New Insights into Aptamers: An Alternative to Antibodies in the Detection of Molecular Biomarkers.

Aptamers are short oligonucleotides with single-stranded regions or peptides that recently started to transform the field of diagnostics. Their unique ability to bind to specific target molecules with high affinity and specificity is at least comparable to many traditional biorecognition elements. Aptamers are synthetically produced, with a compact size that facilitates deeper tissue penetration and improved cellular targeting.

Large-Scale Direct Growth of Monolayer MoS on Patterned Graphene for van der Waals Ultrafast Photoactive Circuits.

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructures combine the distinct properties of individual 2D materials, resulting in metamaterials, ideal for emergent electronic, optoelectronic, and spintronic phenomena. A significant challenge in harnessing these properties for future hybrid circuits is their large-scale realization and integration into graphene interconnects. In this work, we demonstrate the direct growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS) crystals on patterned graphene channels.

Are the metal identity and stoichiometry of metal complexes important for colchicine site binding and inhibition of tubulin polymerization?

Quite recently we discovered that copper(II) complexes with isomeric morpholine-thiosemicarbazone hybrid ligands show good cytotoxicity in cancer cells and that the molecular target responsible for this activity might be tubulin. In order to obtain better lead drug candidates, we opted to exploit the power of coordination chemistry to (i) assemble structures with globular shape to better fit the colchicine pocket and (ii) vary the metal ion. We report the synthesis and full characterization of bis-ligand cobalt(III) and iron(III) complexes with 6-morpholinomethyl-2-formylpyridine 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazone (HL1), 6-morpholinomethyl-2-acetylpyridine 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-thiosemicarbazone (HL2), and 6-morpholinomethyl-2-formylpyridine 4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (HL3), and -ligand nickel(II), zinc(II) and palladium(II) complexes with HL1, namely [Co(HL)(L)](NO) (1), [Co(HL)(L)](NO) (2), [Co(HL)(L)](NO) (3), [Fe(L)]NO (4), [Fe(HL)(L)](NO) (5), [Ni(L)]Cl (6), [Zn(L)Cl] (7) and [Pd(HL)Cl]Cl (8).

Machine Learning-Based Design of Superhard High-Entropy Nitride Coatings.

Limited by the inefficiency of the conventional trial-and-error method and the boundless compositional design space of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), accelerating the discovery of superior-performing high-entropy nitride (HEN) coatings remains a formidable challenge. Herein, the superhard HEN coatings were designed and prepared using the rapidly developing data-driven model machine learning (ML). A database containing hardness and different features of HEN coatings was established and categorized into four subsets covering the information on composition, composition-physical descriptors, composition-technique parameters, and composition-physical descriptors-technique parameters.

From Chalcogen Bonding to S-π Interactions in Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaics.

The stability of hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite semiconductors remains a significant obstacle to their application in photovoltaics. To this end, the use of low-dimensional (LD) perovskites, which incorporate hydrophobic organic moieties, provides an effective strategy to improve their stability, yet often at the expense of their performance. To address this limitation, supramolecular engineering of noncovalent interactions between organic and inorganic components has shown potential by relying on hydrogen bonding and conventional van der Waals interactions.

A Metatitanic Acid Particulate Xerogel: Green Synthesis, Structure Determination, and Detailed Characterization.

The manuscript focuses on an original method of preparation of metatitanic acid when only environmentally safe base substances are used in the synthesis process. The synthesis is based on the reaction of solid titanyl sulfate in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. This method allows for (i) a full preservation of the morphology of the starting titanyl sulfate and (ii) a preparation of metatitanic acid substances with specific parameters.

Bradykinesia in dystonic hand tremor: kinematic analysis and clinical rating.

Introduction: Bradykinesia is an essential diagnostic criterion for Parkinson's disease (PD) but is frequently observed in many non-parkinsonian movement disorders, complicating differential diagnosis, particularly in disorders featuring tremors. The presence of bradykinetic features in the subset of dystonic tremors (DT), either "pure" dystonic tremors or tremors associated with dystonia, remains currently unexplored. The aim of the current study was to evaluate upper limb bradykinesia in DT patients, comparing them with healthy controls (HC) and patients with PD by observing repetitive finger tapping (FT).

Microstructural, Electrical, and Tribomechanical Properties of Mo-W-C Nanocomposite Films.

This study investigates the phase composition, microstructure, and their influence on the properties of Mo-W-C nanocomposite films deposited by dual-source magnetron sputtering. The synthesised films consist of metal carbide nanograins embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. It has been found that nanograins are composed of the hexagonal β-(Mo + W)C phase at a low carbon source power.

Validation of an isocratic HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of major phytosterols in Prunus spinosa L. extracts.

This study aimed to develop a rapid method for separation of stigmasterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol in Prunus spinosa L. (sloe) fruit extracts by High Performance Liquid Chromatography system. Samples were prepared by Soxhlet extraction method and separated on a high strength silica C18 column using acetonitrile-methanol mobile phase and Photodiode Array Detector.

Proving the automatic benchtop electrochemical station for the development of dopamine and paracetamol sensors.

The introduced work represents an implementation of the automatic benchtop electrochemical station (BES) as an effective tool for the possibilities of high-throughput preparation of modified sensor/biosensors, speeding up the development of the analytical method, and automation of the analytical procedure for the determination of paracetamol (PAR) and dopamine (DOP) as target analytes. Within the preparation of gold nanoparticles modified screen-printed carbon electrode (AuNPs-SPCE) by electrodeposition, the deposition potential E, the deposition time t, and the concentration of HAuCl were optimized and their influence was monitored on 1 mM [Ru(NH)] redox probe and 50 μM DOP. The morphology of the AuNPs-SPCE prepared at various modification conditions was observed by SEM.

The Influence of Rhenium Content on Helium Desorption Behavior in Tungsten-Rhenium Alloy.

To investigate the influence of different rhenium contents on the helium desorption behavior in tungsten-rhenium alloys, pure tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys were irradiated with helium under the same conditions. All irradiated samples were characterized using TDS and DBS techniques. The results indicate that the addition of rhenium can reduce the total helium desorption quantity in tungsten-rhenium alloys and slightly accelerate the reduction in the concentration of vacancy-type defects accompanying helium dissociation.

Sulfur and Peroxide Vulcanization of the Blends Based on Styrene-Butadiene Rubber, Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber and Their Combinations.

Rubber blends based on styrene-butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber and a combination of both rubbers were cured with different sulfur and peroxide curing systems. In sulfur curing systems, two type of accelerators, namely tetramethylthiuram disulfide, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, and combinations of both accelerators were used. In peroxide curing systems, dicumyl peroxide, and a combination of dicumyl peroxide with zinc diacrylate or zinc dimethacrylate, respectively, were applied.

The Impact of Surface Roughness on Conformal Cooling Channels for Injection Molding.

Injection molding technology is widely utilized across various industries for its ability to fabricate complex-shaped components with exceptional dimensional accuracy. However, challenges related to injection quality often arise, necessitating innovative approaches for improvement. This study investigates the influence of surface roughness on the efficiency of conformal cooling channels produced using additive manufacturing technologies, specifically Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) and Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing (ADAM).

Fast DLLME-GC-MS Method for Determination of Pesticides in Carmelite Drops and Evaluation of Matrix Effects in Related Medicinal Products.

The production of nutraceuticals is a growing trend, as many consumers consider them an important part of the modern active lifestyle. Others rely on the use of nutraceuticals instead of prescribing pharmaceuticals to improve their health more naturally. One of the major concerns in the nutraceutical industry is the potential presence of contaminants.

A digital image smartphone-based approach to Slovak Tokaj wine authentication chemometric assisted.

The authentication of Slovak wines in comparison to other similar wines from various geographical regions, namely Hungary, France, Austria, and Ukraine, was conducted using the OC-PLS, DD-SIMCA, and PLS-DM models, all of them operating in rigorous way. The study involved 63 samples, of which 41 originated from Slovakia, covering diverse wine types such as varietal wines, cuvée selections (different "putňový"), and essence. To capture digital images under controlled conditions, a custom-made cardboard box with white inner surfaces was devised and equipped with a smartphone.

Levamisole Based Co(II) Single-Ion Magnet.

A new Co(II) complex, [Co(NCS)(L)] (1) has been synthesized based on levamisole (L) as a new ligand. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses confirm that the Co(II) ion is having a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry in the complex. Notably strong intramolecular S⋅⋅⋅S and S⋅⋅⋅N interactions has been confirmed by employing Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM).

Lattice solvent- and substituent-dependent spin-crossover in isomeric iron(II) complexes.

Spin-state switching in iron(II) complexes composed of ligands featuring moderate ligand-field strength-for example, 2,6-bi(1-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (BPP)-is dependent on many factors. Herein, we show that spin-state switching in isomeric iron(II) complexes composed of BPP-based ligands-ethyl 2,6-bis(1-pyrazol-1-yl)isonicotinate (BPP-COOEt, L1) and (2,6-di(1-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridin-4-yl)methylacetate (BPP-CHOCOMe, L2)-is dependent on the nature of the substituent at the BPP skeleton. Bi-stable spin-state switching-with a thermal hysteresis width (Δ) of 44 K and switching temperature () = 298 K in the first cycle-is observed for complex 1·CHCN composed of L1 and BF counter anions.

Intrinsically explainable deep learning architecture for semantic segmentation of histological structures in heart tissue.

Background: Analysis of structures contained in tissue samples and the relevant contextual information is of utmost importance to histopathologists during diagnosis. Cardiac biopsies require in-depth analysis of the relationships between biological structures. Statistical measures are insufficient for determining a model's viability and applicability in the diagnostic process.

Investigation of the Strain-Stress Field in Nanoscale Multilayer Systems by the Phase Plane Method.

This paper presents the results of the study of stress relaxation fields, deformation, and temperature of the system of nanostructured multilayer coatings. In the work, a nonlinear relationship between strain and stress was used to take into account nonlinear effects in the mechanism of nanostructure formation. The paper assumes that a friction surface is provided by the self-organization of shear components: both stress and strain on the one hand, and temperature on the other.