Effects of maternal depression and antidepressant treatment on neurotransmitters, brain regions, and mitochondrial function in rat dams.

Increasing evidence suggests that mothers experience stress before or during pregnancy, which can significantly impact their GABAergic system and lead to amygdala hyperactivity. While animal models are expected to reflect the above findings in humans, the current knowledge on the effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in rat dams remains insufficient. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the structural and neurochemical alterations in the dorsal hippocampus, specifically gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) relative to total creatine (tCr), induced by the CUMS and the effects of antidepressant mirtazapine (MIR) treatment.

Silver(I), Zinc(II) and Gallium(III) thiophene-2-carboxylates: Synthesis, solution and solid state characterization and bioevaluation.

Three 2-thiophenecarboxylate (Tio2c) complexes with different central atoms Ag(I), Zn(II) and Ga(III), [Ag(Tio2c)] (AgTio2c), {[Zn(Tio2c)]} (ZnTio2c) and [Ga(Tio2c)]·HO (GaTio2c), were synthesized and elemental, spectral and thermal analyses were used for their characterization. The AgTio2c and ZnTio2c single crystal structures confirmed the most common bidentate bridging coordination mode with typical strong argentophilic interactions in the case of AgTio2c complex. Complexes' stability in biological test stock solution were confirmed by H NMR spectroscopy.

Enhancing Data Collection Through Optimization of Laser Line Triangulation Sensor Settings and Positioning.

This study proposes a new approach to improving laser sensor data collection through optimised sensor settings. Specifically, it examines the influence of laser sensor configurations on laser scanning measurements obtained by using a laser line triangulation sensor for transparent and non-transparent plastics, as well as aluminium alloys. Distance data were acquired with a three-degree-of-freedom positioning device and the laser sensor under both manual and automatic settings.

Resistance Genes and Virulence Factor Genes in Coagulase-Negative and Positive Staphylococci of the Group (SIG) Isolated from the Dog Skin.

Staphylococci are common pathogens in dogs, causing a variety of dermatological problems. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm-forming potential of species isolated from the skin of shelter dogs. Overall, 108 samples were collected from the hairless skin areas of dogs in a shelter over one year.

Deformation of Polyethylene Subjected to Static and Nonstatic Stresses and Krypton Ions Irradiation.

The dependence of polyethylene deformation on applied mechanical stress under varying load conditions and radiation doses was investigated experimentally. Obtained results reveal significant alterations in the mechanical properties of polyethylene following irradiation with krypton ions at doses of 1.5 × 10, 1.

Optimization of growth and induction conditions for the production of recombinant whole cell cyclohexanone monooxygenase in Escherichia coli.

Optimizing biocatalyst production conditions is essential for enhancing productivities and yields in biotransformation applications. This study focused on investigating the impact of the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient (ka) on the specific growth rate of recombinant E. coli cells and optimizing induction conditions for whole-cell cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) production.

Banknotes as a Source of Drug and Pharmaceutical Contamination of the Population.

This study investigates the potential contamination of cash register employees in the Slovak Republic with 148 selected pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, and their metabolites. Of these, 42 substances were detected, and it was found that the target group-cashiers-regularly handle large volumes of banknotes, increasing their exposure to contaminants compared to the general population. This study revealed that commonly prescribed and over-the-counter medications significantly contribute to the contamination of cash registers.

Physical properties and cytotoxicity of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with a TMS-substituted indolo[2,3-]quinoline-derived Schiff base.

The incorporation of non-native chemical elements, such as silicon, into drug molecules has gained significant attention as a strategy to broaden the chemical space in medicinal chemistry and develop novel drug candidates. Traditionally, research has focused on the isosteric replacement of a carbon atom with silicon ("silicon switch") in known drug structures or the attachment of a trimethylsilyl (TMS) group to biologically active scaffolds. In this study, a TMS-substituted indoloquinoline-based Schiff base (HLTMS) and its corresponding metal complexes, (1) and (2), were synthesized and comprehensively characterized using elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV-vis, H and C NMR for HLTMS and 2), ESI mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) for 1 and electron diffraction (ED) for 2.

NLP-enhanced inflation measurement using BERT and web scraping.

In this research note, we explore the integration of natural language processing (NLP) and web scraping techniques to develop a custom price index for measuring inflation. Using the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) as a benchmark, we created a database of consumer electronics product data through web scraping. Using the BERT model for classification, we achieved a high-performance classification of approximately 10,000 items into COICOP categories, with an accuracy of 94.

Evaluation of stability and quality of bioproducts derived from solid-state fermentation of wheat bran using Mortierella alpina.

Solid-state fermentation is an efficient and economically viable biotechnological approach for converting low-cost substrates into high-value fermented bioproducts. This study used the filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina to directly enrich wheat bran substrate with a myriad of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and natural antioxidants, including phenolic acids and flavonoids. These PUFAs, with long carbon chains containing two or more unsaturated double bonds, are highly susceptible to oxidation, which can deteriorate the quality of the fermented bioproduct.

Sulfur and Peroxide Cross-Linking of Lignosulfonate-Filled Compounds Based on Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber.

Calcium lignosulfonate was incorporated into rubber compounds based on styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) in amounts ranging from 10 to 60 phr. A sulfur-based curing system and a peroxide curing system consisting of dicumyl peroxide in combination with methacrylic acid zinc salt were used for cross-linking of the compounds. The aim of the work was to investigate the influence of lignosulfonate and curing system composition of the cross-linking process, morphology, physical-mechanical and dynamic-mechanical characteristics of the composites.

Solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry as an advanced method for the determination of bioplasticizers in environmental and bottled water samples.

The aim of this work was the development of a novel analytical method for the extraction, separation, and determination of 21 bioplasticizers in water using direct immersion - solid phase microextraction in combination with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (DI-SPME-GC-MS/MS) to monitor these substances in the environment at low concentration levels. Incubation, extraction, and desorption parameters of the SPME procedure were optimised. All solutions were incubated in a heating chamber for 10 min at 70 °C, followed by SPME extraction for 60 minutes using 50/30 µm DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber.

Flavonoids and their role in oxidative stress, inflammation, and human diseases.

Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are important drivers in the pathogenesis and progression of many chronic diseases, such as cancers of the breast, kidney, lung, and others, autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia), neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease), mental disorders (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), gastrointestinal disorders (inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer), and other disorders. With the increasing demand for less toxic and more tolerable therapies, flavonoids have the potential to effectively modulate the responsiveness to conventional therapy and radiotherapy. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and plant-derived beverages.

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of lipids and carotenoids from Rhodotorula toruloides CBS 14 in comparison with conventional extraction methods.

Background: Oil from oleaginous yeasts has the potential to replace non-sustainable vegetable oil as raw material to produce food, feed, biofuels, or biochemicals. Co-produced compounds like carotenoids may be helpful to obtain economically viable bioprocesses. Identifying appropriate extraction methods is a bottleneck both for establishing oleaginous yeasts as cell factories for both oil and carotenoids production and for analysis of intracellular compounds like lipids and carotenoids.

Combination of liquid- and solid-phase extraction followed by achiral and chiral high-performance liquid chromatography as an efficient and sensitive method for determination of panthenol in personal care products.

Objective: This work deals with the development of an analytical method for the analysis of body milk, cream, and oil. The objective is to develop a reliable, sensitive, and reproducible method suitable to assess the content of dexpanthenol in personal care products and to confirm the declared enantiomeric form.

Methods: Optimization of conditions for the extraction of panthenol from personal care products was carried out for the detection and quantification of panthenol and its enantiomers by achiral and chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with spectrophotometric detection.

Study of Application of an Active Ultrasound by Use of Zn-Al-Mg-Ti-Based Solder on Selected Substrates.

This study investigates the potential application of Zn5Al1.5Mg1.5Ti active solder in ultrasonic soldering of AlO ceramics and Cu substrates.

Exploring Novel Interfacial Charge Transfer Complexes Between TiO and Flavonoids: Theoretical Study.

The formation of interfacial charge transfer (ICT) complexes with suitable ligands is an effective method to improve the spectral properties of materials based on titanium dioxide (TiO). In the presented work, six structurally different flavonoids are studied as potential ligands for synthesizing novel TiO-based ICT complexes using density functional theory (DFT). The formation of stable bidentate Ti-O coordination between the TiO surface and studied flavonoids is confirmed by Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis.

Formation of oxidative and cytotoxic products of tocopherols and their adsorption onto the surface of French fries when fried with rapeseed oil.

This work examines the impact of frying (180 °C) French fries on the degradation of fatty acids and tocopherols in rapeseed oil, with a particular focus on the formation and adsorption of gamma-tocopheryl quinone on the surface of French fries. Gamma-tocopheryl quinone has a cytotoxic effect, and long-term exposure may alter DNA. It was found that gamma-tocopheryl quinone formed 1.

Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Pt Nanostructured Electrodes Deposited by Spark Ablation for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.

Catalyst layers play a crucial role in determining the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, the deposition of catalyst layers poses challenges in PEMFC stack production due to the complexity of the fabrication steps. Herein, we present a simplified approach to synthesize Pt nanostructures via spark ablation and simultaneously deposit them onto gas diffusion layers (GDL).

Machine Learning-Driven Data Fusion of Chromatograms, Plasmagrams, and IR Spectra of Chemical Compounds of Forensic Interest.

Achieving fast analytical results on-site with the highest possible accuracy in forensic analyses is crucial for investigations. While portable sensors are essential for crime scene analysis, they often face limitations in sensitivity and specificity, especially due to environmental factors. Data fusion (DF) techniques can enhance accuracy and reliability by combining information from multiple sensors.

Bridging the gap between research and decision making: A European survey to enhance cooperation in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for illicit drugs.

Objectives: Illicit drug use presents a significant challenge to global health and public safety, requiring innovative and effective monitoring strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the current landscape of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for monitoring illicit drugs in Europe, focusing on collaboration, current practices, and barriers, while identifying opportunities for improvement.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey-based study.

Is it possible to obtain a plausible experimental electronic structure without collecting high-order diffraction data?

To study the experimental electronic structure, the exact position of the nonhydrogen atoms in the starting geometry is necessary. In this paper, we compare the results of the experimental electronic structure obtained using the full data set [low-order (sinθ/λ < 0.7 Å) together with high-order (sinθ/λ > 0.

Bicyclic ,-Acetals Containing Fused Cysteine-Amide System as New Heterocyclic Class Targeting Human Farnesyltransferase (FTase-h).

We report in this contribution the synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of a novel class of chiral thiazoloisoindolinone scaffolds as potent inhibitors against human farnesyltransferase (FTase-h). The targeted products, sulfides (), sulfoxides (,), and sulfones (), containing up to three points of diversification, were obtained in a short-step sequence starting from the available and cost-effective -cysteine hydrochloride (), which is the source of N and S atoms and the chiral pool, and α-carbonyl benzoic acids (), which are isoindolinone precursors. Concisely, the key ester intermediates () provide (a) sulfide-amides () by solvent-free amidation, (b) sulfoxides (,) by selective -oxidation using NaIO, and (c) sulfones () by oxidation using MMPP.

Performance Portrait Method: Robust Design of Predictive Integral Controller.

The performance portrait method (PPM) can be characterized as a systematized digitalized version of the trial and error method-probably the most popular and very often used method of engineering work. Its digitization required the expansion of performance measures used to evaluate the step responses of dynamic systems. Based on process modeling, PPM also contributed to the classification of models describing linear and non-linear dynamic processes so that they approximate their dynamics using the smallest possible number of numerical parameters.

Transforming Sleep Monitoring: Review of Wearable and Remote Devices Advancing Home Polysomnography and Their Role in Predicting Neurological Disorders.

This paper explores the progressive era of sleep monitoring, focusing on wearable and remote devices contributing to advances in the concept of home polysomnography. We begin by exploring the basic physiology of sleep, establishing a theoretical basis for understanding sleep stages and associated changes in physiological variables. The review then moves on to an analysis of specific cutting-edge devices and technologies, with an emphasis on their practical applications, user comfort, and accuracy.