Simple manual roller pump-driven valve-free microfluidic solution exchange system for urgent bioassay.

We introduce a simple-to-use manual roller pump (MRP)-driven and valve-free microfluidic system for sequential solution exchange, followed by a bioassay to detect protein. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/glass-based disposable device comprises a reaction chamber, multiple micro-flow channels (μFCs), and air vents. The practical solution exchange was realized by sequential injection and withdrawal of several solutions into and from the reaction chamber through constricted μFCs by utilizing changing air pressure of an MRP when a small cylindrical roller was pressed and rolled over a soft silicone tube using a finger.

COVID-19 transmission flow through the stigmatization process in Bangladesh: A qualitative study.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients and survivors face stigma, discrimination, and negligence. The motives for and the different types and consequences of COVID-19-related stigmatization remain underexplored in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study examined how the COVID-19 stigmatization process is interlinked with transmission flow.

Estimation of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) reproduction number and case fatality rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Realizing the transmission potential and the magnitude of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) aids public health monitoring, strategies, and preparation. Two fundamental parameters, the basic reproduction number ( ) and case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19, help in this understanding process. The objective of this study was to estimate the and CFR of COVID-19 and assess whether the parameters vary in different regions of the world.

An alternative electrochemical approach for toluene detection with ZnO/MgO/CrO nanofibers on a glassy carbon electrode for environmental monitoring.

fabrication of a sensitive electrochemical sensor using a wet-chemically prepared ternary ZnO/MgO/CrO nanofiber (NF)-decorated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with Nafion adhesive was the approach of this study. The resultant NFs were characterized by various tools, such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis). The analytical parameters of the proposed toluene sensor were characterized as follows: good sensitivity (23.

Current advances in regulation of bone homeostasis.

Bone homeostasis is securely controlled by the dynamic well-balanced actions among osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes. Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells that degrade bone matrix and involve in the bone remodelling in conjunction with other bone cells, osteoblasts and osteocytes, the completely matured form of osteoblasts. Disruption of this controlling balance among these cells or any disparity in bone remodelling caused by a higher rate of resorption by osteoclasts over construction of bone by osteoblasts results in a reduction of bone matrix including bone mineral density (BMD) and bone marrow cells (BMCs).

A novel highly selective electrochemical chlorobenzene sensor based on ternary oxide RuO/ZnO/TiO nanocomposites.

A novel electrochemical (EC) chlorobenzene (CBZ) sensor was fabricated using a ternary oxide RuO/ZnO/TiO nanocomposite (NC)-decorated glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a wet-chemical method and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The synthesized RuO/ZnO/TiO NC was layered as thin film on a GCE with Nafion (5% suspension in ethanol) adhesive, and the as-prepared sensor was subjected to CBZ analysis using an electrochemical approach.

Facile one-pot synthesis of heterostructure SnO/ZnO photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic dye.

In this work, heterostructure SnO/ZnO nanocomposite photocatalyst was prepared by a straightforward one step polyol method. The resulting photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyses, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). The results showed that the synthesized SnO/ZnO nanocomposites possessed mesoporous wurtzite ZnO and cassiterite SnO nanocrystallites.

Prevalence of elevated liver enzymes and its association with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study in Bangladeshi adults.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major public health concern affecting millions of people worldwide. The relationship between liver enzymes and T2D has been reported in limited studies; however, there is still a lack of evidence for the Bangladeshi population. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of elevated liver enzymes and examine its association with the prevalence of T2D in Bangladeshi adults.

Correction: Microwave-assisted catalytic conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using "three dimensional" graphene oxide hybrid catalysts.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D0RA01009J.].

The fabrication of a chemical sensor with PANI-TiO nanocomposites.

In this study, conjugated conducting polyaniline was fabricated onto titania nanoparticles (PANI-TiO NPs) using a microwave-accelerated reaction system. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using the techniques of electron microscopy (, FE-SEM and TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry. An ultrasensitive sensor using the electrochemical (-) approach was fabricated using a thin film of PANI-TiO NPs on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and it was found to be selective towards 1,2-diaminobenzene (1,2-DAB) in a buffer phase.

Microwave-assisted catalytic conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using "three dimensional" graphene oxide hybrid catalysts.

Hybrids of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and metal/metal oxide (Pt, NiO/Ni(OH), CoO, FeO) nano particle were prepared by reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and metal ion (Pt, Ni, Co, Fe) hybrids. The M-rGO hybrids (M = Pt, Ni-, Co and Fe) were justified for the transformation of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). High glucose → 5-HMF conversion was yielded depending on the nature of the M-rGO catalyst.

Electrochemical detection of 2-nitrophenol using a heterostructure ZnO/RuO nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode.

A highly selective chemisensor for 2-nitrophenol detection was fabricated using ZnO/RuO nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by impregnation method. The as-synthesized NPs were characterized through UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), FTIR and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A glassy carbon electrode was modified with as-synthesized ZnO/RuO nanoparticles and utilized as a chemical sensor for the detection of 2-nitrophenol.

Potential application of mixed metal oxide nanoparticle-embedded glassy carbon electrode as a selective 1,4-dioxane chemical sensor probe by an electrochemical approach.

Here, low-dimensional mixed metal oxide (ZnO/NiO/MnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared to develop a selective, efficient and ultra-sensitive 1,4-dioxane sensor by using the wet-chemical method (co-precipitation) in alkaline medium at low temperature. Detailed characterization of the prepared calcined NPs was achieved conventional methods, including X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron, UV-vis, Fourier-transform infrared and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopies. To develop a thin layer of nanomaterial on the fabricated electrode, a slurry of prepared NPs was used to coat the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with conductive Nafion (5% in ethanol) binder.

Detection of toxic choline based on MnO/NiO nanomaterials by an electrochemical method.

In this study, a novel choline sensor was assembled by attaching the binary MnO/NiO nanoparticles (NPs) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Initially, MnO/NiO NPs were synthesized a wet-chemical process and fully characterized XRD, XPS, FESEM, EDS, FTIR and UV-Vis methods. The analytical performances of the choline sensor were evaluated by an electrochemical method in the phosphate buffer phase.

Poly(pyrrole--toluidine) wrapped CoFeO/R(GO-OXSWCNTs) ternary composite material for Ga sensing ability.

In this study, we report a novel ternary conductive hybrid material with high stability, conductivity, and excellent electrochemical Ga sensing ability. Ternary poly(pyrrole--toluidine)/CoFeO/reduced graphene oxide-oxidized single-wall carbon nanotube nanocomposites in the form of P(Py--OT)/CF/R(GO-OXSWCNTs) NCs have been synthesized through an chemical polymerization method a facile three-step approach. Single phase CoFeO (CF) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using an egg white method, while reduced graphene oxide-oxidized single-wall carbon nanotubes R(GO-OXSWCNTs) were prepared co-reduction of graphene oxide along with oxidized SWCNTs flowed by coating CF and R(GO-OXSWCNTs) with a poly(pyrrole--toluidine) matrix P(Py--OT) copolymer.

Development of an efficient phenolic sensor based on facile AgO/SbO nanoparticles for environmental safety.

The facile hydrothermal method was used to prepare low-dimensional doped AgO/SbO nanoparticles (NPs) at low temperature in alkaline medium. The calcined NPs were characterized in detail by FTIR, UV/vis, FESEM, XPS, EDS, and XRD. A thin layer of AgO/SbO NPs was deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using Nafion (5% Nafion suspension in ethanol) conducting binder, which formed the working electrode of the selective 3-methoxyphenol electrochemical sensor probe.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity and ultra-sensitive benzaldehyde sensing performance of a SnO·ZnO·TiO nanomaterial.

The synthesis of a ternary SnO·ZnO·TiO nanomaterial (NM) by a simple co-precipitation method and its potential applications as an efficient photocatalyst and chemical sensor have been reported. The synthesized nanomaterial was fully characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS, FTIR, AFM and photoluminescence studies. This nanomaterial exhibited enhanced efficiency in photo-catalysis of Methyl Violet 6b (MV) dye degradation.

Wet-chemically prepared low-dimensional ZnO/AlO/CrO nanoparticles for xanthine sensor development using an electrochemical method.

A reliable xanthine (XNT) chemical sensor was fabricated using a facile wet-chemical method (by co-precipitation) to prepare ZnO/AlO/CrO nanoparticles (NPs) in an alkaline medium at low temperature. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) were implemented for detailed characterization of the NPs. To fabricate the working electrode as a XNT chemical sensor probe, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with a 0.

Electrochemical oxidation of As(iii) on Pd immobilized Pt surface: kinetics and sensing performance.

Pd nanoparticles were electrochemically immobilized on a Pt surface in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) molecules to study the electrokinetics of arsenite oxidation reactions and the corresponding sensing activities. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that on the Pt surface, Pd atoms exist as adatoms and the contents of Pd(0) and Pd(ii) were 75.72 and 24.

2-Nitrophenol sensor-based wet-chemically prepared binary doped CoO/AlO nanosheets by an electrochemical approach.

Herein, the wet-chemical process (co-precipitation) was used to prepare nanosheets (NSs) of CoO/AlO in an alkaline medium (pH ∼ 10.5). The synthesized NSs were totally characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV/vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Development of an All Solid State Battery Incorporating Graphene Oxide as Proton Conductor.

Graphene oxide (GO) shows high proton conductivity (≈10 Scm), excellent mechanical stability, and electrical insulation property, which makes it an ideal candidate for use as a proton conducting solid state electrolyte. The prospects of using GO as single phase solid electrolyte in an all solid battery is presented herein. A battery with the cell configuration: Zn + ZnSO•7HO + graphite (anode) || GO (electrolyte) || MnO + graphite (cathode) is fabricated.

The impact of climate change on the distribution of two threatened Dipterocarp trees.

Two ecologically and economically important, and threatened Dipterocarp trees Sal () and Garjan () form mono-specific canopies in dry deciduous, moist deciduous, evergreen, and semievergreen forests across South Asia and continental parts of Southeast Asia. They provide valuable timber and play an important role in the economy of many Asian countries. However, both Dipterocarp trees are threatened by continuing forest clearing, habitat alteration, and global climate change.

Zebrafish models for ectopic mineralization disorders: practical issues from morpholino design to post-injection observations.

Zebrafish (ZF, Danio rerio) has emerged as an important and popular model species to study different human diseases. Key regulators of skeletal development and calcium metabolism are highly conserved between mammals and ZF. The corresponding orthologs share significant sequence similarities and an overlap in expression patterns when compared to mammals, making ZF a potential model for the study of mineralization-related disorders and soft tissue mineralization.