Generalizing location-centric variations to enhance contactless human activity recognition.

Contactless Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has played a critical role in smart healthcare and elderly care homes to monitor patient behavior, detect falls or abnormal activities in real time. The effectiveness of non-invasive HAR is often hindered by location-centric variations in Channel State Information (CSI). These variations limit the ability of HAR models to generalize across new unseen cross-domain environments, for instance, a model trained in one location might not perform well in another physical location.

Reply to "Comment to 'The laws of physics do not prohibit counterfactual communication' ".

In his Comment on our recent paper "The laws of physics do not prohibit counterfactual communication", (2022) 8:60, Popescu argues that the claims of the paper are invalid. Here, we refute his argument, showing that it is based on ignoring the specifics of what we set out to prove (that counterfactual communication is possible , and more specifically in these cases is not prohibited by the weak trace or consistent histories criteria for particle path), followed by an unwarranted simplification of the protocol. Moreover, the Comment's excursion into interpretation is misplaced.

pathogenicity requires flagellar assembly but not motility.

Protists of the order Trypanosomatida possess a single multifunctional flagellum, which powers cellular displacement and mediates attachment to tissues of the arthropod vector. The kinetoplastid flagellar cytoskeleton consists of a nine-microtubule doublet axoneme; further structural elaborations, which can vary between species and life cycle stages, include the assembly of axonemal dynein complexes, a pair of singlet microtubules and the extra-axonemal paraflagellar rod. The intracellular amastigote forms of spp.

Correspondence on "The Open DAC 2023 Dataset and Challenges for Sorbent Discovery in Direct Air Capture".

This Correspondence provides a brief commentary on a recent article that identifies metal-organic frameworks for direct air capture and suggests that the recommended structures are artifacts of the methodology used.

Evolution of dispersion-engineered metasurfaces: Debye relaxation and folded path concept.

Dispersion engineering is advancing with recent breakthroughs in metasurfaces using the 2nd-order Debye relaxation and the folded-path concept, greatly improving relevant applications such as imaging, beam shaping, and cloaking.

Achieving Reproducibility and Replicability of Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo Simulations Using the Molecular Simulation Design Framework (MoSDeF).

Molecular simulations are increasingly used to predict thermophysical properties and explore molecular-level phenomena beyond modern imaging techniques. To make these tools accessible to nonexperts, several open-source molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) codes have been developed. However, using these tools is challenging, and concerns about the validity and reproducibility of the simulation data persist.

Development and mechanical characterisation of an animal model of acute compartment syndrome.

Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is an orthopaedic emergency that occurs after limb trauma, where increased pressure in muscle compartments disrupts blood flow, risking nerve and muscle damage. Timely diagnosis is essential to avoid permanent harm, but current methods are either invasive, expensive, or subjective. The gold standard remains invasive intracompartmental pressure (IComP) measurement, with other approaches lacking enough evidence to replace it.

Comprehensive Atomistic Simulations of Fischer-Tropsch in Outer Space: Astrocatalysis by Fe-Supported Nanoclusters on SiO.

Catalytic processes are fundamental not only to terrestrial chemistry (e.g., in the synthesis of fuels, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals) but also to extraterrestrial chemistry, contributing to chemical reactions occurring in various astrophysical environments.

High-definition ultrasound in regional anesthesia.

Purpose Of Review: Ultrasound has become the standard imaging technique for regional anesthesia. Traditional guidelines discourage direct needle-nerve contact to prevent fascicle impalement and nerve injury from high-pressure injections. However, despite its widespread usage, efficacy remains inconsistent, with significant rates of secondary continuous block failure and unchanged side-effect profiles.

Concurrent Biocompatibility and Antimicrobial Functionality of Soft Diamond-Like Carbon Coating for Healthcare Applications.

This unprecedented study reveals the excellent antimicrobial performance of soft, hydrogen-free, pristine diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings against life-threatening methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In addition, most previous studies have separately reported the biocompatibility and antimicrobial performance of DLC coatings, perhaps due to a nuance between antimicrobial performance and cytotoxicity. However, this work concurrently reports the biocompatibility of soft DLC with mouse fibroblast L929 cells and its antimicrobial performance against MRSA, where concurrent reporting is desirous for holistic material assessment, regulatory consideration, and enhanced safety and efficiency for biomedical applications.

Block Copolymer Nanocomposites under Soft Confinement.

Block copolymer (BCP) melts can be blended with solvents to self-assemble into complex droplets with internal structures. Controlling the morphology of these softly confined structures is crucial for various applications, including drug delivery. The addition of nanoparticles (NPs) to BCP droplets produces hierarchical co-assembly with intricate structures, where BCPs act as scaffolds.

Exploring the chemical design space of metal-organic frameworks for photocatalysis.

In this work, we introduce a combined DFT and machine learning approach to obtain insights into the chemical design of metal-organic framework (MOF) photocatalysts for hydrogen (HER) and oxygen (OER) evolution reactions. To train our machine learning models, we evaluated a dataset of 314 MOFs using a dedicated DFT workflow that computes a set of five descriptors for both closed and open shell MOFs. Our dataset is composed of a diverse selection of the QMOF database and experimentally reported MOF photocatalysts.

Integrated Modeling Approach for Electrochemical Regeneration of Alkaline CO Capture Solvents.

This work introduces a model for electrochemical CO capture and solvent regeneration integrated with an Aspen Plus flowsheet. The model is built in Aspen Custom Modeler and designed to seamlessly integrate with ASPEN Plus software, allowing for comprehensive simulation of the CO capture process using an electrochemical cell to regenerate the solvent. The model includes detailed descriptions of the mass and energy balances in the electrochemical stack compartments, mass transport over the ion exchange membrane, and potential losses through the stack.

Structure- and Size-Dependent Properties of BCu ( = 2-14) Clusters: DFT Calculations.

The structural and stability properties of two Cu atoms doped boron clusters (BCu with = 2-14) are investigated by a genetic algorithm method in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The lowest energy clusters of neutral clusters (BCu) adopt two-dimensional (2D) structures for ≤ 6, 10, and 12. For anionic clusters (BCu) the structural patterns are similar, however, the Cu atoms tend to pair up and form dimers instead of islands.

Investigating the impact of the dispersion protocol on the physico-chemical identity and toxicity of nanomaterials: a review of the literature with focus on TiO particles.

Particles often require dispersion in aqueous media to allow assessment of their hazard profile. The approach used to disperse particles is not consistent in the published literature, with approaches including stirring, vortexing, shaking or sonication, and the use of biological or chemical stabilisers. Such variations in the dispersion protocol can influence the physico-chemical (PC) identity and toxicity of particles.

GelGenie: an AI-powered framework for gel electrophoresis image analysis.

Gel electrophoresis is a ubiquitous laboratory method for the separation and semi-quantitative analysis of biomolecules. However, gel image analysis principles have barely advanced for decades, in stark contrast to other fields where AI has revolutionised data processing. Here, we show that an AI-based system can automatically identify gel bands in seconds for a wide range of experimental conditions, surpassing the capabilities of current software in both ease-of-use and versatility.

Reactive uptake inelastic scattering of CN radicals at a liquid hydrocarbon surface.

Collisions of ground-electronic-state CN radicals with the surface of a prototypical saturated-hydrocarbon liquid have been studied experimentally. A molecular beam of CN(XΣ) with a mean laboratory-frame kinetic energy of 44 kJ mol was directed at normal incidence at a continually refreshed liquid squalane (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane) surface. The incident and scattered CN radicals were detected in a range of rotational states by multi-pass frequency-modulated absorption spectroscopy on selected lines of the CN(A-X) transition.

Decoupled few-femtosecond phase transitions in vanadium dioxide.

The nature of the insulator-to-metal phase transition in vanadium dioxide (VO) is one of the longest-standing problems in condensed-matter physics. Ultrafast spectroscopy has long promised to determine whether the transition is primarily driven by the electronic or structural degree of freedom, but measurements to date have been stymied by their sensitivity to only one of these components and/or their limited temporal resolution. Here we use ultra-broadband few-femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy to resolve the electronic and structural phase transitions in VO at their fundamental time scales.

Theory of mind deficits in non-fluent primary progressive aphasia.

Theory of Mind (ToM) is a complex socio-cognitive subdomain that is under-researched in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly in persons with primary progressive aphasia. We studied 14 persons with non-fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (nfaPPA), and asked two questions: (1) whether persons with nfaPPA have intact or impaired ToM, with emphasis on their false belief attribution abilities, relative to healthy controls; and (2) whether false-belief attribution (a component of ToM) is associated with their syntactic and executive function (EF) abilities. False belief understanding was tested through nonverbal videos, with participants deciding whether the story ending was an appropriate end of each video scenario or not.

A Six-Week Student-Led Project Designed to Provide Insight into Modern Photochemistry Research.

An advanced chemistry laboratory project has been developed to introduce final year undergraduate students to organic photocatalyst design using benzo[][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BTZ) photocatalysts, prepared via a single Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling from cheap starting materials, as the example. This project took on a research lab style structure, and over the course of 6 weeks students were tasked to (1) synthesize and study the photophysical properties of three BTZ-based photocatalysts; (2) apply the BTZ photocatalysts to a test photoredox reaction using cheap home-built LEDs, and (3) perform rudimentary computational calculations to rationalize key experimental results.

Mass of components and material distribution in lateral flow assay kits.

Objective: To assess the type and amount of materials used in commercial lateral flow tests.

Methods: We collected and weighed the components of 21 commercial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lateral flow tests from the European Union, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America and the World Health Organization's emergency use listing procedure. We took test kits apart manually, classified components and weighed them individually.

SuperMetal: A Generative AI Framework for Rapid and Precise Metal Ion Location Prediction in Proteins.

Metal ions, as abundant and vital cofactors in numerous proteins, are crucial for enzymatic activities and protein interactions. Given their pivotal role and catalytic efficiency, accurately and efficiently identifying metal-binding sites is fundamental to elucidating their biological functions and has significant implications for protein engineering and drug discovery. To address this challenge, we present SuperMetal, a generative AI framework that leverages a score-based diffusion model coupled with a confidence model to predict metal-binding sites in proteins with high precision and efficiency.

Elastic osmotic capsules mimic bolus injection with high release at delayed burst.

The need for repeated administration of vaccines is costly, logistically challenging and leads to reduced compliance. Osmosis-driven swelling and rupture has been proposed as a mechanism for delayed burst release to mimic follow-up (booster) injections without requiring further intervention. The use of microparticles does not guarantee a single bolus release, and previous studies using monolithic implants failed to demonstrate high instant release at the moment of burst.

In Situ Generation by Cyclization of an Organic Structure Directing Agent for the Synthesis of High Silica Zeolite ERS-7.

Zeolites with high framework Si/Al ratios are of interest for industrial applications due to their hydrothermal stability. They are usually synthesized in the presence of pre-prepared organic structure directing agents (OSDAs). The high silica ERS-7 zeolite (topology type ESV) can be crystallized using N,N-dimethylpyrrolidinium (dmpyrr) that is formed in situ via cyclization of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,4-diaminobutane (tmdab) when a cationic polymer is also present.