Parallel sub class modified teaching learning based optimization.

Meta-heuristic optimization algorithms need a delicate balance between exploration and exploitation to search for global optima without premature convergence effectively. Parallel Sub-Class Modified Teac hing-learning-based optimization (PSC-MTLBO) is an improved version of TLBO proposed in this study to enhance search efficiency and solution accuracy. The proposed approach integrates three existing modifications-adaptive teaching factors, tutorial-based learning, and self-motivated learning-while introducing two novel enhancements: a sub-class division strategy and a challenger learners' model to enhance diversity and convergence speed.

Explainable machine learning for comprehensive characterization of poly (6-(Ethoxybenzothiazole acrylamide)) resin for removal of Th(IV), As(V), and Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution.

Adsorption is a promising technique with significant potential for water purification. In this context, the present study examines the adsorption efficiency of poly(6-(ethoxybenzothiazole acrylamide) (PEBTA) in removing high-valent metal ions from aqueous environments, such as Th(IV), As(V), and Hg(II). Structural and chemical characterization of PEBTA is carried out by FT-IR, H-NMR, C-NMR, TGA, SEM, and EDAX.

Solvent-driven spectroscopic and quantum chemical evaluation of 2-[(trimethylsilyl) ethynyl]thiophene with molecular docking insights.

Thiophene derivatives are recognised for their notable biological and pharmacological properties. This study examines the electronic structure and antibacterial properties of 2-[(Trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]thiophene (2TSET), emphasising the effects of solvent environments. We utilised spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), and Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman) to verify the molecular geometry of 2TSET.

Prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome in South Asian countries and 21 global regions with Sociodemographic index: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease (1990-2021).

Background: This analysis examines both the prevalence and the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) linked to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) across South Asia and worldwide, drawing on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 1990-2021 study.

Methods: Data from GBD 2021 were analyzed using Joinpoint Regression to assess age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR) and DALYs (ASDR). Sociodemographic index (SDI) was incorporated to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and PCOS burden.

Enhancement solar dryer performance and collector efficiency of paraffin PCM/copper fin featured solar dryer.

The increasing adoption of renewable solar energy sources offers significant opportunities for sustainable energy applications due to their economic benefits and the conservation of natural resources with eco-friendly and reduced drying time. Solar dryers play an important role in drying agricultural products; however, it found the challenges of heat loss, instability in varying weather conditions, and limited efficiency during periods of insufficient solar radiation. This study aims to enhance the thermal performance of solar dryers that incorporate paraffin phase change material (PCM) into a fin collector absorber for drying agricultural products, specifically banana and potato slices cut to 2 mm thickness.

Machine learning driven optimization of compressive strength of 3D printed bio polymer composite material.

3D printing has brought significant changes to manufacturing sectors, making it possible to produce intricate, multi-layered designs with greater ease. This study focuses on optimizing the compressive strength (CS) of functionally graded multi-material (PLA/Almond Shell Reinforced PLA) which is fabricated with the aid of the FFF process, a widely used additive manufacturing technique. Six different machine learning models (ML) were utilized to estimate CS using key process parameters, namely print speed (PS), layer height (LH), and printing temperature (PT).

Rheological, Structural, and Biological Trade-Offs in Bioink Design for 3D Bioprinting.

Bioinks represent the core of 3D bioprinting, as they are the carrier responsible for enabling the fabrication of anatomically precise, cell-laden constructs that replicate native tissue architecture. Indeed, their role goes beyond structural support, as they must also sustain cellular viability, proliferation, and differentiation functions, which are critical for applications in the field of regenerative medicine and personalized therapies. However, at present, a persistent challenge lies in reconciling the conflicting demands of rheological properties, which are essential for printability and biological functionality.

Liver Cancer: Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Integrated Therapeutic Approaches.

The advent of artificial intelligence and machine leaning techniques has revolutionized the diagnosis and therapy of diseases such as cancer [...

Microglial pyroptosis in neurological disorders: mechanistic crosstalk, metabolic triggers, and therapeutic frontiers.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by the progressive decline of neuronal structure and function, with neuroinflammation and neuronal death as key pathogenic features. Pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory kind of programmed cell death (PCD) facilitated by gasdermin (GSDM) proteins and inflammasome activation, has garnered significant attention among new mechanisms. The increased expression of pyroptosis-related proteins, frequently co-localized with misfolded protein aggregates, indicates a crucial involvement in the advancement of different NDDs.

Mechanistic inhibition of FtsZ-driven bacterial cytokinesis by natural products: an integrated machine learning and advanced drug discovery approach.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains a major global health burden, particularly due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. The FtsZ protein, essential for bacterial cytokinesis and lacking a human homolog, presents a selective and non-redundant drug target. In this study, we implemented a comprehensive computational pipeline to identify potential FtsZ inhibitors from the COCONUT natural product database.

Developing Biocompatible Chitosan-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles with Anticancer and Antimicrobial Properties: A Computational and Experimental Approach.

The present study reports an eco-friendly route for the synthesis of chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Cs@AuNPs) using leaf extract and their dual anticancer and antimicrobial activities. The nanoparticles were comprehensively characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ζ-potential analysis. Cs@AuNPs exhibited a strong surface plasmon resonance peak at 550 nm, face-centered cubic crystallinity with a predominant (111) plane, spherical morphology, particle size ranging from 5-30 nm, and a positive surface charge.

Exploring bacteriophages to combat gut dysbiosis: A promising new frontier in microbiome therapy.

Dysbiosis is the imbalance in the composition and function of the microbial community in the human body that leads to various multifactorial diseases, including autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. To address this problem, numerous research has demonstrated the potential of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents to regulate dysbiosis in the human body. Furthermore, phage-based products such as endolysins, proteins, and peptides have also been demonstrated to influence the regulation of dysbiosis.

Actinobacteria mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their weedicidal potential against Parthenium hysterophorous Linnaeus.

Parthenium hysterophorus, identified as Congress weed, presents a considerable risk to agricultural ecosystems and human health owing to its invasive characteristics and allelopathic properties. In this study, we explore the potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using actinobacteria as a sustainable and effective product for inhibiting the growth of P. hysterophorus.

Insights into the interaction of Fibrinogen with Timolol Maleate and elucidation of binding sites via. spectroscopic and molecular docking study.

Timolol maleate (TM), a beta-blocker drug, is used in treating conditions related to arterial hypertension. Exploring the possible interaction between TM and plasma proteins is crucial for enhancing the drug potency. This interaction study is done to examine the impact of TM on the comportment of bovine plasma Fibrinogen (FB) by utilizing spectroscopic and computational techniques such as fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and molecular docking.

and Its Toxicity: A Survey of Landholder Experiences and Management Practices.

is one of the highly toxic plants in Australia, particularly affecting cattle. It contains simplexin, a potent toxin that can cause poisoning (St. George Disease) in livestock.

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Managing Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of interconnected metabolic risk factors such as central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, significantly increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite its rising prevalence and serious health consequences, metabolic syndrome remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, initially developed for T2DM management, have demonstrated promising therapeutic potential for addressing multiple components of metabolic syndrome.

Targeting 7-Ketocholesterol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: Guggulsterone as a Novel Vascular Protectant.

7-Ketocholesterol (7-KC), a prominent oxysterol found in oxidized LDL, plays a central role in atherosclerosis through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, NF-κB activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Guggulsterone (GGS), a bioactive steroid from Commiphora mukul, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and FXR-antagonistic properties. This work highlights guggulsterone's ability to counteract 7-KC-induced endothelial injury by inhibiting NF-κB translocation, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and modulating apoptosis.

Inhibiting viral entry of bat-derived coronavirus HKU5-CoV-2: Targeting spike protein S1 subunit with FDA-approved antivirals-A structural dynamics and energetics study.

The ongoing risk of zoonotic transmission from bat-derived coronaviruses underscores the urgent need for broad-spectrum antiviral strategies. In this study, we investigate the potential of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antiviral drugs to inhibit the S1 C-terminal domain of the spike protein from HKU5-CoV-2, a Merbecovirus closely related to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). A structure-based virtual screening approach was employed, followed by 3000 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and binding free energy estimation using MM-PBSA analysis.

Teledentistry in Jordan: assessing knowledge and attitudes among dentists.

Aim: to evaluate the perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes of Jordanian dentists towards teledentistry.

Methods: A web-based, anonymous, self-administered closed-end questionnaire was distributed across Jordan. Conducted with a sample of 250 dentists selected through convenience sampling, the research assessed knowledge and attitudes using a pre-designed and validated questionnaire.

Standardization of extraction, identification, and characterization of an immunoglobulin Y antibody: A potential inhibitor of cariogenic and endodontic microbiome.

Aim: This study aimed to formulate a protocol to isolate and characterize immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies from chicken egg yolk and evaluate its potential in inhibiting .

Materials And Methods: Part A: IgY was extracted from fresh chicken egg yolk using a polyethylene glycol precipitation method. The isolated IgY was characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to assess protein concentration and purity, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for molecular weight confirmation, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for purity, and mass spectrometry for further protein analysis.