Mitochondrial Complex Member VdNuo1 Recruits Superoxide Dismutases VdSOD2/4 to Maintain Superoxide Anion Homeostasis During Pathogenesis in Verticillium dahliae.

During oxidative phosphorylation, the leaked electrons generate superoxide anions to attack the mitochondrial inner membrane and impair mitochondrial activity. Three superoxide dismutases (SODs) are secreted to degrade host superoxide anions in Verticillium dahliae. However, the roles of mitochondrial SODs (mtSODs) in superoxide anion detoxification and in virulence are unknown in this fungus.

Differential Impact of SiO Foliar Application on Lettuce Response to Temperature, Salinity, and Drought Stress.

Silicon dioxide (SiO) foliar application offers a promising strategy for enhancing lettuce ( L.) resilience under temperature extremes, salinity, and drought stress. This study investigated the effects of SiO treatment on three lettuce cultivars exposed to varying temperature, salinity, and drought conditions in a controlled growth chamber environment.

Genome-Wide Association Study for Drought Tolerance in Cowpea ( (L.) Walp.) at Seedling Stage Using a Whole Genome Resequencing Approach.

Despite the fact that cowpea is one of the most drought-tolerant legumes, some genotypes with a high yield under well-watered conditions have been shown to be susceptible to drought stress, thus requiring further improvement. The objectives of this study were to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for drought tolerance in cowpea. A total of 331 cowpea genotypes were evaluated for drought tolerance.

Integrative path modeling and QTL mapping identify maturity, stem strength, and cell wall composition driving lettuce resistance to Sclerotinia minor.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is highly vulnerable to Sclerotinia minor, the pathogen causing lettuce drop. Breeding for resistance is the most effective control strategy; however, full resistance has not been achieved, and current partial resistance sources are often linked with undesirable traits, such as early bolting. This study aimed to unravel the genetic basis of partial resistance to S.

Species-specific primers derived from comparative genomics for PCR detection of Verticillium species.

is a small genus of ascomycete fungi containing ten species. Several of these species are destructive phytopathogens that cause vascular diseases on diverse crops including ornamentals in different regions of the world. Traditional methods of differentiating the species based on morphological characteristics can lead to misidentification.

Efficacy of Chlorobenzene as a New Fumigant for Control of Confused Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rice Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Chlorobenzene is an industrial chemical with relatively high vapor pressure and has been used in the past to produce pesticide DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane). In this study, chlorobenzene was demonstrated to be an effective fumigant against two stored product insects: the confused flour beetle () and rice weevil (). In small-scale fumigations in 1.

Contrasting Roles of Plant GATA21/22 Transcriptional Regulators in Defense Against Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens.

The family of transcriptional regulators is broadly conserved between plant and animal kingdoms. Here, we report that some of the genes are suppressed in Arabidopsis during fungal and bacterial infections. However, strikingly, and encode positive regulators of defense against necrotrophic fungal pathogens while acting antagonistically against hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogens.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 multiplication in the latex of diverse lettuce genotypes is negatively correlated with plant peroxidase activity.

Lettuce (Lactuca spp.) is one of few edible plant species that produce latex. During lettuce harvest, latex leaks from ruptured laticifers onto the cut stem and adheres to other lettuce heads, harvesting tools, and packaging.

The 24-kDa subunit of mitochondrial complex I regulates growth, microsclerotia development, stress tolerance, and virulence in Verticillium dahliae.

Background: The complete mitochondrial respiratory chain is a precondition for maintaining cellular energy supply, development, and metabolic balance. Due to the evolutionary differentiation of complexes and the semi-autonomy of mitochondria, respiratory chain subunits have become critical targets for crop improvement and fungal control. In fungi, mitochondrial complex I mediates growth and metabolism.

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Lettuce Metabolome: A Framework for Targeted Nutritional Quality Improvement.

Lettuce ( L.) is a popular leafy vegetable valued for its dietary fiber, antioxidants, and beneficial vitamins. This study presents a comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis of the lettuce metabolome, revealing complex dynamics in metabolite accumulation influenced by plant age, leaf position, proximodistal distribution within a leaf, and head closure.

QTL mapping and transcriptome analysis of seed germination under PEG-induced water stress in Lactuca spp.

The impact of limited water availability on lettuce growth has been well documented. However, the mechanisms by which lettuce controls seed germination under water stress remain unknown. Germination percentage was evaluated in the cv.

Genome-wide association study of salt tolerance at the seed germination stage in lettuce.

Developing lettuce varieties with salt tolerance at the seed germination stage is essential since lettuce seeds are planted half an inch deep in soil where salt levels are often highest in the salinity-affected growing regions. Greater knowledge of genetics and genomics of salt tolerance in lettuce will facilitate breeding of improved lettuce varieties with salt tolerance. Accordingly, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in lettuce to identify marker-trait association for salt tolerance at the seed germination stage.

Dual transcriptional characterization of spinach and Peronospora effusa during resistant and susceptible race-cultivar interactions.

Background: Spinach downy mildew, caused by the obligate oomycete pathogen, Peronospora effusa remains a major concern for spinach production. Disease control is predominantly based on development of resistant spinach cultivars. However, new races and novel isolates of the pathogen continue to emerge and overcome cultivar resistance.

Differential Sources of Resistance from Against Three Races of pv. Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot of Lettuce.

Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) of lettuce ( L.) is caused by the bacterium pv. that is hypothesized to have at least three races of the pathogen present in North America as defined by their differential resistance phenotypes in lettuce cultivars/accessions.

Verticillium dahliae Elicitor VdSP8 Enhances Disease Resistance Through Increasing Lignin Biosynthesis in Cotton.

Verticillium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb., is a destructive plant disease that instigates severe losses in many crops. Improving plant resistance to Verticillium wilt has been a challenge in most crops.

Host cell wall composition and localized microenvironment implicated in resistance to basal stem degradation by lettuce drop (Sclerotinia minor).

Background: Sclerotinia spp. are generalist fungal pathogens, infecting over 700 plant hosts worldwide, including major crops. While host resistance is the most sustainable and cost-effective method for disease management, complete resistance to Sclerotinia diseases is rare.

Effects of sulfur dioxide fumigation on mortality of confused flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and rice weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) fumigation was studied in laboratory to determine its potential as an alternative treatment for postharvest control of stored product insects, confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Three-hour fumigations with 0.

Distribution of Three Races in Coastal California and Evaluation of Resistance in Lettuce.

Verticillium wilt, caused by , is one of the most devastating soilborne diseases of lettuce ( L.). There are three races of , and each race has been characterized by markers representing race-specific effectors.

Evaluation of fumigant toxicity of cyclohexanone to 5 species of insect pests.

Cyclohexanone is a major precursor for nylon production and is also used as a pesticide solvent. In this study, cyclohexanone was evaluated as a fumigant against rice weevil adults, confused flour beetle adults, western flower thrips larvae and adults, spotted wing drosophila adults, and subterranean termite workers. Cyclohexanone fumigation was effective against all 5 insects, and there were considerable variations in susceptibility to cyclohexanone fumigation among the 5 species.

Phenotypic characterization, plant growth and development, genome methylation, and mineral elements composition of neotetraploid lettuce ( L.).

Stable neotetraploid lines of lettuce ( L.) were produced from three phenotypically distinct cultivars (Annapolis, Eruption, Merlot) and an advanced breeding line (SM13-L2) using colchicine treatment of seeds or young seedlings. When tested under the greenhouse and field conditions, neotetraploids initially grew more rapidly than their diploid progenitors, however they reached their reproductive stage (bolting, flower bud formation, and flowering) substantially later.