A scoping review of Indigenous community-based research practices, guidelines, and ethical standards.

Objectives: There has been increased efforts to identify wise practices among research efforts completed in partnership with Indigenous communities. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has been a leading guideline for this work in recent years, as such frameworks emphasize collaboration, partnership, and community-guided efforts; however, no work to date has examined how various CBPR standards, ethical guidelines, and practices may vary by community or regional context.

Method: The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize Indigenous-specific research practices among relevant frameworks, to identify more common collective values and practices, and other, potentially more unique or distinctive aspects of frameworks within Canadian, Australian, New Zealand, and United States (CANZUS) nation-based Indigenous communities.

Polypharmacy in clozapine-treated patients: A retrospective analysis of 667 patients in Ottawa, Canada.

Background: Clozapine is the gold standard for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), yet only 40 % of patients respond. Clinicians often add other psychotropics despite limited evidence and possible harms. Canadian data on this practice remains sparse.

Increased intra-subject variability in reward behavior relates to symptom severity in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex disorder characterized by positive and negative symptoms that have been linked to dysfunction in cognition and reward motivation. Recent findings show higher inter-subject variability in SZ in various cognitive functions. This raises the question of whether there is also higher intra-subject variability in SZ at the psychological level, specifically increased variability across the trials of a psychological task within the subject itself, that is, intra-subject variability.

For a Choreography of Emotions: Spatiotemporal Phenomenology.

Background: Emotions are a key feature of human life. Despite intensive research, we still do not have a full grasp of the complexity of emotions, such as their peculiar combination of emotional feeling and behavioral motor manifestation. We also lack translational research that links the phenomenal (experiential) with the pre-phenomenal (neurological) levels.

Cognitive Remediation for Psychosis in Virtual Reality (ThinkTactic VR): Qualitative, Iterative, and User-Centered Codevelopment Study.

Background: Cognitive remediation improves cognition and psychosocial functioning in individuals with psychotic disorders. The use of virtual reality (VR) to deliver cognitive remediation in immersive environments that mimic real cognitively challenging situations has the potential to increase engagement to treatment and further enhance its impact on functioning.

Objective: We aimed to codevelop a cognitive remediation program in VR with individuals with psychotic disorders and health care professionals to identify and address their needs.

Exploring mental health professionals' emotional responses with individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder or psychopathy: a scoping review.

Aims: To conduct a scoping review of primary research studies on clinicians' emotional responses (i.e., countertransference) when working with individuals with antisocial personality and/or psychopathy traits or disorders.

The lifelong nonlinear development of spatial variability of brain signals.

The physiological information carried by brain signals is distinguished by their mean and variability. Research has indicated that both the variability of local signals and the spatial mean of the whole-brain signal (known as the global signal, GS) are sensitive to brain development. This raises the question of whether the spatial variability of the whole-brain signal, referred to as global variability (GV), could potentially serve as a more specific marker of brain development.

Effectiveness of enhanced group cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults (CBT-OA) with depression and anxiety: A replication study.

Objectives: Enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for older adults (CBT-OA) modifies standard CBT to better address the needs of older adults, considering age-related impacts on learning. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cassidy's manualized CBT-OA protocol (Cassidy, 2016a, 2016b) for late-life depression or anxiety in a larger sample at a different center.

Design: This retrospective observational study used a within-subject pre-/post-data design to evaluate the CBT-OA group for seniors with depression or anxiety.

Exploring the dissociative subtype of PTSD: The role of early-life trauma, cortisol, and inflammatory profiles.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous mental health condition, characterized by diverse symptom profiles and biological underpinnings. A dissociative subtype of PTSD has been identified, though the potential risk factors and underlying neurobiology are yet to be understood. The current study comprised Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members and Veterans with a history of deployment, and with diagnoses of non-dissociative (n = 31) and dissociative subtypes of PTSD (n = 19), in addition to non-deployed healthy controls (n = 14).

Ontario healthcare workers who sought treatment for their mental health during the first five waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: a snapshot of self-referrals across the province.

Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have reported COVID-19 pandemic-related adverse mental health impacts. We examined the demographic profile of HCWs who self-referred for mental health treatment, how referrals changed over time in relation to waves of COVID-19, what the main problem was for which HCWs sought treatment, and how this changed during the pandemic.

Methods: Five major healthcare institutions provided mental health supports to HCWs across Ontario during the pandemic.

Childhood family environment and μ-opioid receptor availability in vivo in adulthood.

Animal studies have reported associations of early maternal separation with altered μ-opioid receptor function but data on humans are scarce. We now investigated whether childhood family environment is related to μ-opioid receptor availability in the human brain in adulthood. Healthy participants (n = 37-39 in the analyses) were recruited from the prospective population-based Young Finns Study (YFS) that started in 1980.

Shorter and inflexible intrinsic neural timescales of the self in schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia is hypothesized to involve a disturbance in the temporal dynamics of self-processing, specifically within the interoceptive, exteroceptive, and cognitive layers of the self. This study aimed to investigate the intrinsic neural timescales (INTs) within these self-processing layers among people with schizophrenia.

Methods: We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to investigate INTs, as measured by the autocorrelation window, among people with schizophrenia and healthy controls during both resting-state and task (memory encoding and retrieval) conditions.

Sex differences in resting-state fMRI functional connectivity related to humor styles.

Research on how functional connectivity (FC) during resting-state relates to humor styles and sex is limited. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by analyzing resting-state fMRI data from 56 healthy participants and measuring FC. In addition, participants completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire.

A pilot study on craving and its relationship to self-ratings of depression and anxiety in prescription opioid use disorder.

The role of craving in opioid use disorder (OUD) has been well established with respect to heroin but less so with prescription opioids. This pilot study, conducted in 18 treatment-seeking patients with prescription OUD and 18 healthy volunteers, assessed spontaneous (in the moment) and cue-induced craving and their relationship to depression and anxiety. Patients (vs.

Modulation of cardiac autonomic activity across consciousness states and levels of sleep depth in individuals with sleep complaints and bipolar disorder or unipolar depressive disorders.

Objective: Autonomic nervous system dysfunction and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) often co-exist with mood disorders, a phenomenon likely influenced by sleep disturbances. This study investigated heart rate (HR) and HRV across wake, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM (NREM) sleep in individuals with sleep complaints and bipolar or unipolar depressive disorder.

Methods: Polysomnographic data was retrospectively collated for 120 adult patients with sleep complaints and depressive symptoms [60 diagnosed with bipolar disorder, 60 diagnosed with a unipolar depressive disorder], and 60 healthy controls.

Resting-state functional connectivity in gelotophobes: A neuroscientific perspective on the fear of laughter.

Gelotophobia, the fear of being laughed at, is characterized by heightened sensitivity to ridicule and a tendency to perceive laughter in social situations as mocking. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) acquires brain functional connectivity while the individual remains at rest, without engaging in specific tasks. Recent studies have investigated task-based fMRI and white matter in gelotophobes; however, the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in this group remains unclear.

Speech Mismatch Negativity (MMN) in Schizophrenia with Auditory Verbal Hallucinations.

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are experienced by many individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), a neurodevelopmental disease that encumbers the quality of life and psychosocial outcome of those afflicted by it. While many hypotheses attempt to better define the etiology of AVHs in SZ, their neural profile and its moderation by current neuroleptics remains limited. The Mismatch Negativity (MMN) is an event related potential (ERP) measured from electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during the presentation of a deviance detection auditory paradigm.

Delphi consensus recommendations for the management of chronic insomnia in Canada.

Objective: The lack of current Canadian practice guidelines for the management of insomnia poses a challenge for healthcare providers (HCP) in selecting the appropriate treatment options. This study aimed to establish expert consensus recommendations for the management of chronic insomnia in Canada.

Composition Of The Committee: Sixteen multidisciplinary experts in sleep medicine and insomnia across Canada developed consensus recommendations based on their knowledge of the literature and their practical experience.

Extended course accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation as a substitute for depressed patients needing electroconvulsive therapy.

In response to restrictions on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) access during COVID-19, we designed a trial to assess the clinical outcomes service impacts, employing an extended course of accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (aiTBS), in patients with moderate to severe depression in need of ECT. This open label clinical trial was comprised of 3 phases: (i) an acute phase, where iTBS treatments were administered 8 times daily, for up to 10 days; (ii) a tapering phase of 2 treatment days per week for 2 weeks, followed by 1 treatment day per week for 2 weeks; and (iii) a symptom-based relapse prevention phase, whereby treatments were scheduled based on symptom re-emergence, for up to 6 months. Of the 155 patients who completed the acute phase of the study, the remission rate was 16.

The degenerate coding of psychometric profiles through functional connectivity archetypes.

Introduction: Degeneracy in the brain-behavior code refers to the brain's ability to utilize different neural configurations to support similar functions, reflecting its adaptability and robustness. This study aims to explore degeneracy by investigating the non-linear associations between psychometric profiles and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC).

Methods: The study analyzed RSFC data from 500 subjects to uncover the underlying neural configurations associated with various psychometric outcomes.

Optimizing antidepressant benefits: Effect of theta burst stimulation treatment in physically active people with treatment-resistant depression.

Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a promising therapy for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD), but a significant proportion of individuals do not respond adequately, necessitating alternative approaches. This study explores whether individuals meeting minimum recommended physical activity levels demonstrate better responses to TBS compared to physically inactive individuals. Using data from a randomized controlled trial (n = 43), participants were categorized as physically active or inactive based on baseline International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scores.