Effects of Ruminal Administration of Propylene Glycol or Sucrose on Ruminal, Blood, and Hepatic Parameters in Nonlactating Cows With High Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acid Concentrations.

Elevated blood nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration in prepartum increases the risk of postpartum diseases. This study evaluated whether intraruminal propylene glycol (PG) or sucrose (SC) administration could mitigate elevated blood NEFA induced by intravenous lipid infusion. Four nonlactating, nonpregnant Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulas were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design: intravenous saline infusion and ruminal administration of water (S + WT), lipid infusion and administration of water (L + WT), lipid infusion and PG administration (L + PG), and lipid infusion and SC administration (L + SC).

A simple, inexpensive, and rapid method for measuring calcium concentrations in colostrum to predict postpartum milk fever in cows using a commercially available water quality test device.

To diagnose milk fever (MF) in dairy cows under clinical practice, measurement of ionized calcium concentrations in blood using point-of-care (POC) devices is required. However, blood sampling poses a significant financial burden on farmers and increases the workload of veterinarians who must visit farms to perform the examinations. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the onset of MF could be predicted using colostrum samples, which can be collected by farmers themselves.

Biocontrol of Phage Resistance in Infections: Insights into Directed Breaking of Spontaneous Evolutionary Selection in Phage Therapy.

Phage therapy, long overshadowed by antibiotics in Western medicine, has a well-established history in some Eastern European countries and is now being revitalized as a promising strategy against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This resurgence of phage therapy is driven by the urgent need for innovative countermeasures to AMR, which will cause an estimated 10 million deaths annually by 2050. However, the emergence of phage-resistant variants presents challenges similar to AMR, thus necessitating a deeper understanding of phage resistance mechanisms and control strategies.

Complete genome sequence of isolated from foot of bovine digital dermatitis in Japan.

species are the primary causative bacteria of bovine digital dermatitis. This report describes the isolation and complete genome sequencing of strain T1 isolated from a hoof sole swab of a bovine in Japan. Genome sequences were obtained using a combination of long- and short-read sequencing technologies.

Structural characterization of newt tendon regeneration after complete transection: In vivo two-photon imaging and transmission electron microscopy.

Mammalian tendons, including human tendons, possess limited regeneration capability, and its healing results in scar tissue formation. However, it was recently shown that tendons of newts, amphibians that exhibit regeneration capacity in various tissues and organs, achieve full regeneration, structurally and functionally, following complete transection. The present study was performed to characterize newt tendon regeneration structurally at both micro- and nanoscales following transection surgery.

Factors Associated with the Occurrence of the First-Follicular-Wave Dominant Follicle on the Ovary Ipsilateral to the Corpus Luteum in Dairy Cattle.

This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of the first-wave dominant follicle (DF) in the ovary ipsilateral to the corpus luteum (CL) in lactating dairy cows and dairy heifers. A total of 505 estruses were investigated (lactating dairy cows, = 361; dairy heifers, = 144). The locations of the preovulatory follicle (PF) and regressed CL were examined at the estrus, and the locations of the first-wave dominant follicle (DF) and newly formed CL were examined seven days after estrus using transrectal ultrasonography.

Isolation and characterization of novel bacteriophages targeting Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a bacterium often resistant to antibiotics and is a significant cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Phage therapy has shown promise as a potential treatment for such difficult-to-treat bacterial infections, but research on phages targeting this bacterium is very limited. In this study, we isolated 34 phages using four clinical strains of S.

Genomic analysis of the 2017 Aotearoa New Zealand outbreak of and its position within the global population structure.

In 2017 an outbreak of (), an infectious agent of cattle, was identified in Aotearoa New Zealand. This study characterizes the genomic population structure of the outbreak in New Zealand and compares it with the known global population structure using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and genomic analysis. The New Zealand outbreak strain was MLST genotyped as ST21.

Protocol for end-design-free rebooting of terminally redundant Pseudomonas phages in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Synthetic phage platforms are robust microbiology tools with therapeutic potential against antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Here, we present a protocol for rebooting Pseudomonas phages with a terminally redundant, circularly permuted 65 kbp genome. We describe steps for designing PCR primers to generate DNA fragments, reconstituting the complete linear phage genome, performing seamless in vitro assembly, and finally, purifying and electroporating the DNA using a P.

Ecology of pet birds and epidemiology of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. and resistant patterns in Budgerigar.

Pet birds are most popular as pets in Bangladesh, with budgerigars being the most common species. However, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance poses a growing threat to both pet birds and their owners. This study aims to investigate the ecology of pet birds and the epidemiology of multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp.

Draft genome sequence of strain P18 isolated from cattle in Japan.

is a causative agent of bovine mastitis, which is often refractory to treatment and can lead to substantial economic losses in the dairy industry worldwide. This study presents the draft genome sequence of strain P18 isolated in Japan as a reference for Japanese isolates.

Impact of mobile health-based nutritional education on hemoglobin levels in anemic adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Anemia is a global public health concern, particularly among adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh, owing to inadequate knowledge and insufficient nutritional intake. Mobile health (mHealth) education has the potential to solve these limitations. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mHealth education on raising hemoglobin levels and reducing anemia among adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh.

Selection and maintenance of mobile linezolid-resistance genes and plasmids carrying them in the presence of florfenicol, an animal-specific antimicrobial.

Mobile linezolid-resistance genes (, and ) that confer resistance to linezolid and florfenicol have been detected globally in various sources. Linezolid is a last-resort antimicrobial used in human clinical settings, and florfenicol is commonly used in veterinary clinical settings. The present study sought to evaluate the potential of florfenicol in veterinary use to select for linezolid-resistant bacteria.

Reduction in finisher pig death rate on a farm in Japan following use of a commercial killed vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

PRRS (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome) is a costly disease in the global pig industry. In 2021, Nisseiken Co., Ltd.

Suppression of USP2 in mouse skeletal muscle: a model of oxidative stress in muscle tissue.

Emerging evidence indicates that oxidative stress in skeletal muscle is a prerequisite for sarcopenia in diabetic patients. In this study, we show that ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) 2 mitigates the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mature muscle cells. Treatment with ML364, a canonical USP2 inhibitor, robustly increased mitochondrial ROS in mouse C2C12 myotubes and caused an accompanying increase in the glutathione disulfide (GSSG)/glutathione (GSH) ratio.

Association between farm-level antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from healthy swine in ten farms in Japan.

We examined the antimicrobial resistance of 1,493 Escherichia coli isolates from 440 swine fecal samples (211 and 229 samples were obtained from the sow and fattening groups, respectively) on ten farms and analyzed the association between the antimicrobial resistance rate and the annual antimicrobial usage at the farm level adjusted by the daily defined dose in Japan. For most antimicrobial agents, the rate of resistance was greater on farms with higher levels of antimicrobial use, suggesting that the amount of the corresponding antimicrobial class used at the farm level may have affected the resistance rates. Some antimicrobial resistance was positively associated with the use of the corresponding or structurally related antimicrobial agents: resistance to tetracycline in the sow group and resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, kanamycin, sulfonamide-trimethoprim, and nalidixic acid in the fattening group.

Multi-laboratory Validation of Join of the Five Dyes Revealing Collagenous Tissue (JFRL) Staining for Bone Histology Across Animal Species and Bone Implant Materials.

Histological staining is essential for understanding bone structure and pathology; however, variations in decalcification agents can compromise reproducibility. We have previously developed a novel osteochondral staining method, Join of the Five dyes Revealing coLlagenous tissue (JFRL) staining, that is independent of the decalcification method. To promote its widespread adoption, this study confirms the robustness of JFRL staining through intra- and inter-laboratory validation.

Breast muscle myopathies: twists and turns in modern broilers.

Although poultry meat production supports the livelihood and provides food security for billions of people worldwide, it is facing substantial challenges. The emergence of broiler breast myopathies (white striping, woody breast, spaghetti meat) at large scale is one of the most significant economic and welfare challenges that menace poultry production sustainability and for which there is no effective prevention yet, due to its unknown etiologies.Here, by inviting and gathering several experts with diverse, but complementary disciplines, the objective of the present review is to highlight the current progress and knowledge on these myopathies.

Influence of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction on reproductive performance in Thoroughbred mares.

Background: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is an age-related disease considered to have a negative impact on fertility. To understand the true impact of PPID on fertility, the influence of age must be considered.

Aims/objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of PPID on fertility while accounting for the effect of aging.

Effects of Rest Interval Configuration Between Sets on Volume Load During Five Sets of Bench Press and Back Squat Exercise.

Yamazaki, Y, Shimamori, K, Takizawa, K, Yamaguchi, T, and Shibata, K. Effects of rest interval configuration between sets on volume load during five sets of bench press and back squat exercise. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2025-The present study examined the effect of 3 different rest interval configurations between sets on volume load during 5 sets of bench press (BP) and back squat (SQ) exercises.

Effects of supplementation with CNCM I-1079 on the fecal microbiota of healthy young Japanese black calves: A field trial.

The effects of more than 1 month of supplementation with on the gut microbiota of healthy young calves are unclear. The objective of this study was to describe the effects of 7 wk of supplementation with CNCM I-1079 on the fecal bacterial microbiota of healthy young Japanese black calves. Calves in the group (SB group) were fed 2.

Direct economic losses in farms and government compensation costs due to highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Japan during the 2022-23 season.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a contagious disease of poultry characterized by high avian mortality and devastating economic losses. Between October 2022 and April 2023 (in the 2022-23 season), there were 84 cases of HPAI on poultry farms in 26 prefectures of Japan, resulting in the culling of approximately 17.7 million birds.

Dynamic Computed Tomography for detecting pulmonary cysts in canine Paragonimiasis: a case report.

An 11-year-old male French bulldog presented with incidental cystic lesions by the pulmonary CT. CT revealed two cysts in the right caudal lobe of the lung that were suspicious for emphysematous lesions. These cysts were divided into an air layer and a soft tissue-like layer.

Enhancement of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity by lipopolysaccharide in developing zebrafish lacking canonical pattern recognition pathways.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is known to be a major inducer of inflammatory responses through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in mammals. The potentiation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-mediated responses by LPS has been reported in mammalian systems. However, in contrast to mammals, the zebrafish TLR4 homolog does not recognize LPS.

Surface electromyography of the gluteus medius, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius muscles during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions in normal Beagles.

Rehabilitation exercises play a crucial role in veterinary medicine. Among these exercises, sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions are fundamental tasks. However, the activation patterns of hindlimb muscles during these transitions remain inadequately characterized.