Genetic suppression features ABHD18 as a Barth syndrome therapeutic target.

Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it stabilizes electron transport chain protein complexes. The final step in CL biosynthesis relates to its remodelling: the exchange of nascent acyl chains with longer, unsaturated chains. However, the enzyme responsible for cleaving nascent CL (nCL) has remained elusive.

Large-Scale Expansion of the MALDI-TOF MS Library for Comprehensive Identification of Yeasts and Filamentous Fungi in Clinical and Sanitary Contexts.

The rapid identification of microbes using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is gaining attention, particularly in clinical laboratories and hygiene management in food manufacturing. However, unlike bacteria, technical issues related to preprocessing and a lack of comprehensive reference libraries pose challenges in fungi. In this study, we constructed a new MALDI-TOF MS database, named EMALiMB, that expands the existing reference library to accurately identify a wider range of microbial species.

Structural analysis of a symbiotic system involving a Nanobdellati archaeon by cryo-electron tomography.

Nanobdellati (formerly DPANN) archaea are considered as primitive archaeal organisms that often live in symbiosis with archaeal hosts. In this study, we investigated the symbiotic mechanism between a Nanobdellati archaeon, Nanobdella aerobiophila strain MJ1, and its host archaeon Metallosphaera sedula strain MJ1HA, using cryo-electron tomography. In our tomographic observations, we identified a conical attachment organelle at the interface between MJ1 and MJ1HA during symbiosis.

Functional division of labor in motility, lignocellulose digestion, and nitrogen metabolism revealed for the Mixotricha paradoxa holobiont.

Mixotricha paradoxa is a large, cellulolytic flagellate present in the hindgut of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis. This parabasalid flagellate is unique in its reliance on ectosymbiotic spirochetes for motility. We analyzed the transcriptome of M.

Insights from public database sequences related to the replication initiation protein TrfA of the IncP-1 plasmid RK2.

Replicon typing identifies sequences similar to known DNA replication initiators and is widely used to detect specific plasmid groups (e.g., IncP-1) in genome and metagenome sequencing data.

A simplified protocol for vitrification of hamster embryos.

Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) have been extensively used in biomedical research. With the advent of genome-editing technology, it is now possible to generate gene-knockout hamsters, providing unique research models that cannot be achieved with mice or rats. Therefore, the development of cryopreservation techniques for hamster embryos is in high demand.

A partial deletion of the Tardbp 3´UTR affects TDP-43 regulation and leads to motor dysfunction in mice.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that causes the selective loss of motor neurons. A histopathological hallmark of ALS is the cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43, a ubiquitously expressed RNA-binding protein involved in transcription and splicing regulation. To prevent abnormal accumulation, TDP-43 controls its expression levels through an autoregulatory feedback loop.

A taxonomic re-evaluation of , a hyperparasitic synnematous hyphomycete on , with gen. et comb. nov. ().

About 70 y after the first report by Yosio Kobayasi, we collected a little-known synnematous hyphomycete, , on decaying basidiocarps of growing on dead culms of two bamboo species in Tateyama (on ), Chichibu (type locality of ; on ), and Shigakogen (on ) in Japan, and obtained isolates of both the parasite and its host. Kobayasi provided only brief Latin and Japanese descriptions and quite elementary illustrations for , without depositing any herbarium specimens including the holotype. In this paper, a lectotype and an epitype of this species are designated respectively from the original protolog (illustration) of Kobayasi and our new material collected in Chichibu.

Difficult-to-culture micro-organisms specifically isolated using the liquid-liquid co-culture method - towards the identification of bacterial species and metabolites supporting their growth.

In this study, the liquid-liquid co-culture method was applied using faecal samples and specific bacterial species as growth-supporting bacteria. We aimed to isolate new, difficult-to-culture bacterial species using metabolites produced by supportive bacteria to promote the growth of small bacteria selected using filter treatment. This study aimed to identify the supporting bacteria and their metabolites that promote the growth of these isolates.

sp. nov., a novel bacterium, isolated from sea foam at Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa, Japan.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as NT6N, was isolated from sea foam collected at the Maura Coast of the Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa, Japan. Strain NT6N was able to grow optimally at pH 7.8, 25-30 °C with 3.

Ocular Phenotyping of Knockout Mice Identifies Genes Associated With Late Adult Retinal Phenotypes.

Purpose: Analyze phenotypic data from knockout mice with late-adult retinal pathologic phenotypes to identify genes associated with development of adult-onset retinal diseases.

Methods: The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) database was queried for genes associated with abnormal retinal phenotypes in the late-adult knockout mouse pipeline (49-80 weeks postnatal age). We identified human orthologs and performed protein-protein analysis and biological pathways analysis with known inherited retinal disease (IRD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) genes using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING), PLatform for Analysis of single cell Eye in a Disk (PLAE), Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).

Polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipid membranes regulate human neuronal function and amyloid-β production.

The effects and mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) contained in the lipid membrane of neurons in the production of amyloid β (Aβ), a pathogenic molecule in Alzheimer's disease (AD), remain unclear. In this study, we cultured human cortical neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) under conditions of PUFA deficiency being progressively alleviated. Under PUFA-deficient conditions, increasing the total PUFA composition ratio in the lipid membrane enhanced membrane fluidity and reduced Aβ production.

Genome-based reclassification of the genus and two novel species gen. nov., sp. nov. and sp. nov. isolated from the gut of termites.

The genus was proposed by Schleifer . by separating from the genus . Although the family consists of four genera, each genus contains a relatively small number of species, with the exception of the genus , which contains more than 100 species.

Targeted disruption of the aralkylamine -acetyltransferase gene in a seasonal mammal, .

A definitive understanding of intrinsic functions of endogenous melatonin may require genetic manipulation or modification of its synthesizing enzymes. Here, we established Syrian hamsters, a seasonal mammal, carrying loss of function of aralkylamine -acetyltransferase (AANAT), a rate-limiting enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis. Mutants showed a normal circadian period but an accelerated entrainment to rescheduled light-dark cycles.

sp. nov. isolated from human faeces.

The genus is one of the major butyrate-producing bacteria in the human gut. Due to its production of beneficial metabolites and reduced populations in diseased patients, it is regarded as a potential biomarker of healthy gut microbiota. Strains Collection Nationale de Cultures de Microorganismes (CNCM) I-4540 and CNCM I-4541 were isolated from faeces of a healthy elderly and a healthy adult respectively.

Characterization of H3K4me3 in mouse oocytes at the metaphase II stage.

Central functions of histone modifications in germ cell and embryonic development have been documented. Accumulating evidence suggests that oocytes possess unique profiles of histone modifications, among which histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is broadly spread on the mouse oocyte chromosomes at the metaphase II (MII) stage, unlike later embryonic stages. However, the characteristics and developmental roles of H3K4me3 on MII chromosomes are unclear.

I-SVVS: integrative stochastic variational variable selection to explore joint patterns of multi-omics microbiome data.

High-dimensional multi-omics microbiome data play an important role in elucidating microbial community interactions with their hosts and environment in critical diseases and ecological changes. Although Bayesian clustering methods have recently been used for the integrated analysis of multi-omics data, no method designed to analyze multi-omics microbiome data has been proposed. In this study, we propose a novel framework called integrative stochastic variational variable selection (I-SVVS), which is an extension of stochastic variational variable selection for high-dimensional microbiome data.

Whole-genome based phylogeny and comparative genomics of Sporidiobolales and related taxa of .

is a fungal order of within the subphylum Pucciniomycotina. This order encompasses significant yeasts, such as the oleaginous species and the opportunistic pathogen . We present the sequencing and comparative analysis of 35 strains from 27 species, alongside a strain (), and incorporating publicly available genomic data for related fungi.

From North Asia to South America: Tracing the longest human migration through genomic sequencing.

Genome sequencing of 1537 individuals from 139 ethnic groups reveals the genetic characteristics of understudied populations in North Asia and South America. Our analysis demonstrates that West Siberian ancestry, represented by the Kets and Nenets, contributed to the genetic ancestry of most Siberian populations. West Beringians, including the Koryaks, Inuit, and Luoravetlans, exhibit genetic adaptation to Arctic climate, including medically relevant variants.

Discovery of potent substrate-type lysine methyltransferase G9a inhibitors for the treatment of sickle cell disease.

Structurally novel inhibitors of the lysine methyltransferase G9a have attracted considerable interest as potential drug candidates for cancer and genetic diseases. Here, a detailed account of potency optimization from early leads 8 and 9 to compound 16g is presented. Our search for an alternative scaffold for the 4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole moiety of compounds 8 and 9 via parallel synthesis led to the identification of the 4-pyridin-4-ylamino phenyl substructure in compound 16g.

Luminescent mouse model of endometriosis: three-dimensional morphology of lesions and cytokine profiles.

The pathophysiology of endometriosis remains incompletely understood, necessitating the development of effective animal models for research. We generated and characterized a luminescent endometriosis mouse model utilizing luminescent B6-CAG-ELuc transgenic mice as uterine tissue donors and B6.Cg-c/c-hr/hr mice as recipients, enabling non-invasive in vivo imaging.

Custom-made medium approach for effective enrichment and isolation of chemolithotrophic iron-oxidizing bacteria.

Chemolithotrophic neutrophilic iron (Fe)-oxidizing bacteria, which mainly belong to the family Gallionellaceae, universally prevail in terrestrial environments changing Fe cycling. However, they are typically recognized as difficult-to-culture microbes. Despite efforts, there are few Fe(II)-oxidizing lithotroph isolates; hence, their physiological and ecological knowledge remains limited.

Two Distinct Mechanisms of PP2A Regulation by Methylesterase PME-1 Are Both Essential for Mouse Development.

Protein methylesterase-1 (PME-1) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the demethylation of protein phosphatases 2A (PP2A) and PP4 catalytic subunits to alter the composition of holoenzymes. Elevated PME-1 protein levels are observed in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, suggesting the involvement of dysregulation of PP2A/PP4 methylation. However, PME-1 also forms stable complexes with the catalytic subunit of PP2A to interfere with phosphatase activity, and it remains unclear what roles the functions as a methylesterase and as a PP2A inhibitory protein each play in vivo.