Draft genome sequences of from three aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Eriosomatinae) associated with gall formation on elm trees.

The genomes from eriosomatine gall-forming aphids , , and were sequenced, with genome sizes of 533,871, 530,863, and 627,315 bp, respectively. These genomes shed light on 's role in aphid symbiosis and adaptation.

Whole-genome based phylogeny and comparative genomics of Sporidiobolales and related taxa of .

is a fungal order of within the subphylum Pucciniomycotina. This order encompasses significant yeasts, such as the oleaginous species and the opportunistic pathogen . We present the sequencing and comparative analysis of 35 strains from 27 species, alongside a strain (), and incorporating publicly available genomic data for related fungi.

Analyses of hyphal diversity in Trichosporonales yeasts based on fluorescent microscopic observations.

In dimorphic yeasts, hyphal growth is primarily associated with infection and mycosis progression, with causing deep-seated mycosis and summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Magnesium accelerates hyphal growth in , leading to multi-septation, vacuolar expansion, and decreased lipid droplet size. However, the commonality of these phenotypes has not been studied in Trichosporonales yeasts.

Estimating the Amount of Air Inside the Stomach for Detecting Cancers on Gastric Radiographs Using Artificial Intelligence: an Observational, Cross-sectional Study.

Gastric radiography is an important tool for early detection of cancer. During gastric radiography, the stomach is monitored using barium and effervescent granules. However, stomach compression and physiological phenomena during the examination can cause air to escape the stomach.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of Cutaneotrichosporon spp. (Trichosporonales, Basidiomycota) reveal imbalanced evolution between nucleotide sequences and chromosome synteny.

Background: Since DNA information was first used in taxonomy, barcode sequences such as the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region have greatly aided fungal identification; however, a barcode sequence alone is often insufficient. Thus, multi-gene- or whole-genome-based methods were developed. We previously isolated Basidiomycota yeasts classified in the Trichosporonales.

The draft genome sequence of the Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus septentrionalis towards an understanding of horn formation.

The Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus is a giant beetle with distinctive exaggerated horns present on the head and prothoracic regions of the male. T. dichotomus has been used as a research model in various fields such as evolutionary developmental biology, ecology, ethology, biomimetics, and drug discovery.

The genome of Lyophyllum shimeji provides insight into the initial evolution of ectomycorrhizal fungal genomes.

Mycorrhizae are one of the most fundamental symbioses between plants and fungi, with ectomycorrhizae being the most widespread in boreal forest ecosystems. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are hypothesized to have evolved convergently from saprotrophic ancestors in several fungal clades, especially members of the subdivision Agaricomycotina. Studies on fungal genomes have identified several typical characteristics of mycorrhizal fungi, such as genome size expansion and decreases in plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs).

Asymbiotic mass production of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus clarus.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutually beneficial interaction between fungi and land plants and promotes global phosphate cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. AM fungi are recognised as obligate symbionts that require root colonisation to complete a life cycle involving the production of propagules, asexual spores. Recently, it has been shown that Rhizophagus irregularis can produce infection-competent secondary spores asymbiotically by adding a fatty acid, palmitoleic acid.

Evidence of non-tandemly repeated rDNAs and their intragenomic heterogeneity in .

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) species are some of the most widespread symbionts of land plants. Our much improved reference genome assembly of a model AMF, DAOM-181602 (total contigs = 210), facilitated a discovery of repetitive elements with unusual characteristics. has only ten or 11 copies of complete 45S rDNAs, whereas the general eukaryotic genome has tens to thousands of rDNA copies.

The genome of Rhizophagus clarus HR1 reveals a common genetic basis for auxotrophy among arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Background: Mycorrhizal symbiosis is one of the most fundamental types of mutualistic plant-microbe interaction. Among the many classes of mycorrhizae, the arbuscular mycorrhizae have the most general symbiotic style and the longest history. However, the genomes of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are not well characterized due to difficulties in cultivation and genetic analysis.

Chemical Synthesis of the Epimeric (23R)- and (23S)-Fluoro Derivatives of Bile Acids via Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reaction.

A method for the synthesis of two (23R)- and (23S)-epimeric pairs of 23-fluoro-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid and 23-fluoro-3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid is described. The key intermediates, 23,24-dinor-22-aldehyde peracetates were prepared from cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids via the 24-nor-22-ene, 24-nor-22ξ,23-epoxy, and 23,24-dinor-22-aldehyde derivatives. The Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction of the 23,24-dinor-22-aldehydes using triethyl 2-fluoro-2-phosphonoacetate in the presence of LiCl and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU), and subsequent hydrogenation of the resulting 23ξ-fluoro-22-ene ethyl esters, followed by hydrolysis, gave a mixture of the epimeric (23R)- and (23S)-fluorinated bile acids which were resolved efficiently by preparative RP-HPLC.

A Phalaenopsis variety with floral organs showing C class homeotic transformation and its revertant may enable Phalaenopsis as a potential molecular genetic material.

The Orchidaceae is one of the most famous garden plants, and improvement of the orchid is very important in horticulture field. However, molecular information is largely unknown. We found a Phalaenopsis variety harboring floral organs showing C class homeotic change.

Expression and genome-wide analysis of the xylogen-type gene family.

In higher plants, many extracellular proteins are involved in developmental processes, including cell-cell signaling and cell wall construction. Xylogen is an extracellular arabinogalactan protein (AGP) isolated from Zinnia elegans xylogenic culture medium, which promotes xylem cell differentiation. Xylogen has a unique structure, containing a non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) domain and AGP domains.

[Three cases of methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD)].

Methotrexate (MTX) has been increasingly administered to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), resulting in methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD) in patients. We reported three case of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) undergoing methotrexate (MTX) therapy who developed MTX-LPD. A 72-year-old woman treated with MTX since December 1997 (total dose 3684 mg) presented with swelling of the right tonsil in October 2006, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed by tonsil biopsy and positive EBER1.