Molecular and Histological Identification of Bovine Papillomavirus 1, 2 and a Novel Genotype in Cutaneous Papillomas of Dairy Cattle in Taiwan.

Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are host-specific and strongly epitheliotropic infectious agents that cause benign epithelial and mucosal proliferations, with potential for malignant transformation. However, BPV1, BPV2, and BPV5 are unique in their ability to infect both epithelial and connective tissues. While BPV infections had been documented globally, there was no disease information reported from Taiwan.

Effects of the green view index on anxiety reduction and perceived exertion during cycling in older adults.

Anxiety is associated with significant functional impairments and diminished mental health and quality of life in older adults. According to stress reduction theory, engaging in physical activity in natural settings may play a critical role in alleviating anxiety among older populations. This study aimed to examine the effects of green exercise under different levels of green view index (GVI) on older adults' psychophysiological responses, including pupil size, anxiety, perceived exertion, and environmental preference.

Comprehensive analysis of Eimeria necatrix infection: From intestinal lesions to gut microbiota and metabolic disturbances.

The coccidian Eimeria necatrix infects the mid-intestine of chickens, causing hemorrhage and resulting in significant economic losses. However, there is a lack of a clear method for evaluating the tissue lesions caused by E. necatrix infection.

G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 facilitates chondrocyte proliferation in pubertal epiphyseal growth plate via PTHrP/Ihh regulation.

Aims: Oestrogen drives long-bone development through various oestrogen receptors. G-protein-coupled oestrogen receptor-1 (GPER-1), a membrane oestrogen receptor, mediates longitudinal bone growth during early puberty; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study elucidated the mechanisms underlying GPER-1-mediated bone growth.

Evaluation of carrying active For t 2 protein in immunotherapy for allergy in mice.

Background: (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) allergy is Taiwan's most prevalent biting insect allergy. Our previous studies identified and cloned major allergens For t 2 and determined its strong immunogenicity to human fibroblasts. This study investigated whether oral administration of food-grade containing For t 2 ameliorated midge-allergic symptoms in a mouse model.

The Functional Ability of Stingless Bees (Lepidotrigona) Propolis on Inflammation-Related Disorders.

The large majority of the bees in the Apidae family are honey bees and stingless bees. Despite honey bees (Apis mellifera) being widely distributed worldwide, Lepidotrigona sp. is a particular genuine stingless bee that can be found only in the Southeast Asia region and Taiwan.

Oncolytic avian reovirus regulates the TLR3-IRF3-IFN-γ-JAK-STAT1 and TLR3-NF-κB-IFN-γ-JAK-STAT1 pathways inducing autophagy in murine melanoma cells.

Oncolytic avian reovirus (ARV) has been identified as a virus capable of selectively infecting and inducing cell death in various cancer cell lines. This study investigates the role of ARV in activating innate immune responses in B16-F10 murine melanoma cells, focusing on the TLR3-IRF3-IFN-γ-JAK-STAT1 and TLR3-NF-κB-IFN-γ-JAK-STAT1 pathways. Our results revealed that the σC protein of ARV interacts with toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in the cytoplasm, leading to nuclear translocation of IRF3 and NF-κB as well as the upregulation of IFN-γ, as confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), proximity ligation assay (PLA), and Western blot.

Physalin F Inhibits Cell Viability and Induces Apoptosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells.

Background/aim: Lung cancer has a high morbidity rate and remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Most patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are diagnosed at advanced stages, rendering surgical resection unfeasible and prognosis poor. Therefore, effective therapeutic agents for NSCLC are urgently needed.

Polystyrene nanoplastics act as endocrine disruptors altering neurotransmitter levels and locomotor activity via estrogen receptor during early zebrafish development.

Polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) are emerging endocrine disruptors with significant neurotoxic potential. This study evaluates the impact of PSNP exposure on neurotransmitter levels, locomotor activity, and gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae, with a focus on estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways using the antagonist ICI 182,720 (ICI). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to varying PSNP concentrations (0.

Synthesis and Evaluation of I-IMPY: Application in Neuroblastoma Tracing and Treatment.

Background: Radiolabeled compounds can serve as diagnostic or therapeutic agents depending on the characteristics of the isotopes used. IMPY (6-iodo-2-(4'-dimethylamino)-phenyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine) is a lipophilic derivative of thioflavin-T, designed to function as a tracer when labeled with radioactive iodine. While it has been primarily studied for imaging applications, its potential therapeutic effects when labeled with iodine-125 (I) remain to be explored.

Effects of Sodium Alginate Infusion on Intramammary Immunity Against Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows.

Mastitis is a major issue in dairy cows, with subclinical mastitis (SCM) being hard to detect and potentially progressing to clinical mastitis. Antibiotic use raises concerns about resistance and milk contamination, highlighting the need for natural alternatives. Sodium alginate (SA), known for its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, may offer a solution, though its effects on mastitis are unclear.

Renal Function in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients in Mongolia.

According to a study conducted among a relatively healthy population of Mongolia (2017), the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is 8.5%, which is considered a high prevalence of this infection. In addition to inflammation of the liver, other organ systems are affected by HCV infection, according to research.

Optimization of Black Boar Sperm Cryopreservation Efficiency with Antioxidant-Rich Plant Extracts from Djulis ().

The cryopreservation of boar sperm effectively extends its storage period but often leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, compromising sperm quality. Plant extracts, rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids, have been shown to reduce ROS. Djulis (), also known as the "ruby of cereals", is nutritionally rich and holds potential as a cryoprotective additive.

The Impact of Boron Carbide Nanoparticle (B4C-NPs) Toxicity on Models.

Boron carbide (B4C) is a widely recognized ceramic prized for its remarkable properties, including exceptional hardness, low density, and excellent chemical and mechanical stability. To date, limited research has explored the possible health risks associated with B4C nanoparticles (B4C-NPs). This study utilized a () in vivo model to investigate the toxicological effects of B4C-NPs at concentrations of 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg/L.

One-pot synthesis of sulfonylmethyl phthalides KSO/DMSO-mediated methylenylation/sulfonylation of eudesmic acid with sulfinates.

A KSO/DMSO-mediated one-pot reaction of eudesmic acid with sodium sulfinates was developed for the synthesis of various sulfonylmethyl trioxygenated phthalides double methylenation and sulfonylation pathways. In this effective reaction, dimethyl sulfoxide was used as both a solvent and a methylene source through the formation of one carbon-sulfur single bond, one carbon-oxygen single bond, and two carbon-carbon single bonds under open-vessel conditions.

Oleanolic acid activates the JNK-Sp1-DJ-1 axis to promote mitophagy-mediated neuroprotection in dopaminergic neurons for Parkinson's disease treatment.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder marked by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Although levodopa remains the gold standard for managing PD motor symptoms, it lacks neuroprotective and disease-modifying effects, highlighting the need for new neuroprotective therapies. Mitophagy, the selective mitochondrial degradation by autophagy, is critical for neuronal health.

Conserved domains of flagellin as adjuvants for an inactivated vaccine against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.

Flagellin activates immune response through Toll-like Receptor 5 (TLR5) and can serve as a vaccine adjuvant. In this study, we evaluated the adjuvancy of the conserved domains of flagellins from three different bacteria: Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus. The conserved domains were recombinantly expressed, and all three recombinant proteins demonstrated robust TLR5 activation in vitro.

Solid-Phase Synthesis of Well-Defined Defect Lysine Dendrimers.

In conventional dendrimer synthesis, producing defective dendrimers is unavoidable. However, no synthetic method exists to prepare these defect dendrimers with a well-defined structure. A novel and efficient solid-phase method has been developed to synthesize well-defined lysine defect dendrimers using orthogonally protected lysine residues.

Heritability and Genetic Correlation of Age at First Egg and Egg Number up to 40 Weeks of Age After Long-Term Selection in Taiwan Indigenous Chicken.

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of the egg-laying traits of hens after long-term selection. Four lines were derived from Taiwan indigenous chickens conserved in situ by the National Livestock Biodiversity Program. A total of 9834 hens' laying records from 18 non-overlapping generations classified as seven generational stages from 2006 to 2023 was used.

Aqueous Extract of Freshwater Clam Increases Alcohol Metabolism in Rats in a Preclinical Model.

Excessive drinking or even alcoholism poses noticeable health risks to society, and investigating ways to improve alcohol metabolism may be a potential strategy to address this public health issue. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of freshwater clam aqueous extract (CE) in promoting alcohol metabolism and to further elucidate its potential mechanism. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) control group (C); (2) vehicle group (V), which was given a single dose of 2 g/kg bw ethanol; (3) low-dose CE group (CEL), which was given ethanol and 128 mg/kg bw CE; and (4) high-dose CE group (CEH), which was given ethanol and 256 mg/kg bw CE.

A novel approach to bladder dysfunction induced by bladder outlet obstruction: Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy promotes bladder regeneration.

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) leads to bladder structural and functional changes, including elevated detrusor contractile pressure, detrusor hypertrophy, fibrosis, and impaired contractility. Currently, no effective therapeutic strategy for BOO-induced bladder dysfunction. This study investigated whether low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LiESWT) could improve bladder function by promoting detrusor contractility, urothelial proliferation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis in a rat model of partial BOO (PBOO).

Development of the Digestive System and Digestive Enzymes in the Marine Ornamental Fish White-Barred Goby Amblygobius phalaena.

Analysing the development of a digestive system and enzyme activity is crucial for understanding the digestive physiology of larval fish and determining optimal feeding practices. The white-barred goby (Amblygobius phalaena), a popular marine ornamental fish, has established breeding and larval rearing techniques, but research on its digestive physiology remains limited, which is essential for enhancing commercial production efficiency. This study aimed to elucidate the histological structure of the digestive tract and changes in enzyme activity in white-barred goby larvae to understand the progression of their digestive functions, providing a foundation for future weaning studies.

Supplementation of heat-killed probiotics mixture improves intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality in broilers.

Probiotics are widely used to improve intestinal health and production performance in the poultry industry. However, few studies have explored the effects of heat-killed probiotics. This study investigated the effects of a heat-killed probiotic mixture, comprising (BS) and 28 (LP28), on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of broilers.