An unusual survival for 6.5 years with end-stage hepatitis C related advanced liver cirrhosis following sustained virologic response with direct antiviral agents - A case report from A low-resource setting.

Advanced chronic liver disease is frequently complicated by hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatorenal syndrome, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; predictors of poor prognosis that significantly reduce survival. While orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) remains the definitive treatment, it is often inaccessible in resource-limited settings. We present the case of a 70-year-old retired hospital attendant with hypertension who developed decompensated liver cirrhosis secondary to chronic hepatitis C virus HCV infection.

Integrated bioprocessing of cassava residues for enzymatic starch recovery, citric acid production, and effluent detoxification.

Waste management and effluent treatment in bio-procedures are essential for maintaining a clean environment and enhancing the value of cassava waste. The study analysed effluents for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) content and cyanide concentration (HCN), using activated charcoal, sand, and gravel as filter media. It also evaluated the enzymatic production of starch from cassava peels and fermentation with Aspergillus niger for citric acid production.

Predictors of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Among People Living with HIV and HIV-Negative Patients in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.

Purpose: In recent years, People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa have experienced a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), straining already limited health systems. Identifying behavioural risk factors for NCDs in both PLHIV and HIV-negative individuals is essential for designing targeted interventions. This study aimed to identify common risk factors for NCDs in these groups and determine their predictors.

A spectral Fletcher-Reeves conjugate gradient method with integrated strategy for unconstrained optimization and portfolio selection.

The spectral conjugate gradient (SCG) technique is highly efficient in addressing large-scale unconstrained optimization challenges. This paper presents a structured SCG approach that combines the Quasi-Newton direction and an extended conjugacy condition. Drawing inspiration from the Fletcher-Reeves conjugate gradient (CG) parameter, this method is tailored to improve the general structure of the CG approach.

Common haematological malignancies in Northeastern Nigeria: a multi-centre study of their pattern, distribution and treatment challenges.

Background: Haematological malignancies (HMs) are primary cancers of the blood and blood-forming organs. They are heterogeneous and of diverse clinical features, treatment protocols and prognoses. They constitute a significant source of cancer-related morbidity and mortality.

Assessment of the physicochemical characteristics of by-products of cassava processing and their effects on biodiversity.

Cassava offers by-products of processing such as peels and effluents, which seldom are disposed of without proper treatments. These by-products are rich in organic matter and cyanogenic compounds, which can be potentially hazardous to the environment. For sustainable waste management and ecological balance, a systematic investigation was carried out to analyse the physicochemical properties of cassava peels and effluents and their effects on biodiversity.

Association of toll like receptors polymorphism (1-rs4833095, 1-rs5743611, 6-rs5743810, 6-rs5743809, 4-rs4986790, 4-rs4986791, 9 rs187084) with clinical outcome of malaria among children in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria.

Different genetic polymorphisms, particularly in the erythrocyte receptors and immune response-related genes, have been implicated in the development of malaria. With the first immune response to related to the activity of toll-like receptors (TLRs), we investigated the association of polymorphisms with the clinical outcome of malaria among 662 children in Ibadan, Nigeria. The participants were genotyped for 1-rs5743611, -rs4833095, 4-rs4986791, 4-rs4986790, 6-rs5743810, 9-rs187084 and 9-rs5743809 using TaqMan real-time PCR probes and analyzed using the Sequenom iPLEX platform.

Prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence in pregnancy: a multicentre, binational study.

Background: Globally, intimate partners are the most common perpetrators of violence against women. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) contributes significantly to the burden of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Africa, with four of every 10 women in SSA having experienced IPV. When IPV occurs in pregnancy, it is significantly associated with adverse outcomes.

Preparation of slow-release fertilizer derived from rice husk silica, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and paper composite coated urea.

There is a growing trend toward utilizing agricultural waste to create value-added products, addressing environmental concerns associated with their disposal. This study focuses on developing slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) using amorphous silica derived from rice husk, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), waste paper, and urea. Experimental optimization was carried out using the response surface methodology central composite design (RSM-CCD).

The pattern and burden of non-communicable diseases in armed conflict-exposed populations in Northeastern Nigeria.

Background: The risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in conflict and post-conflict settings in Northeastern Nigeria has not been evaluated to date. As this region undergoes recovery, understanding the prevalence of NCDs, such as hypertension, diabetes, depression, and obesity, and the associated behavioral coping mechanisms, is crucial for developing tailored healthcare solutions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of conflict on the prevalence of NCDs in conflict-exposed areas in Northeastern Nigeria compared with non-conflict regions.

Outcome and Determining Characteristics of ICU Patients with Acute Kidney Injury in a Low-Income Country, a Multicenter Experience.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a disease that affects millions of people globally making it a major public health concern. It is defined as an abrupt decrease in kidney function that occurs within ours affecting both the structure and functionality of the kidneys.The outcome of AKI and the determinants in Nigeria are largely unknown.

Improved energy equations and thermal functions for diatomic molecules: a generalized fractional derivative approach.

Context: This work presents analytical expressions for ro-vibrational energy models of diatomic molecules by introducing fractional parameters to improve molecular interaction analysis. Thermodynamic models, including Helmholtz free energy, mean thermal energy, entropy, and isochoric heat capacity, are formulated for diatomic molecules such as CO (X ∑), Cs (3 ∑), K (X ∑), Li (6 Π), Li (1 Δ), Na (5 Δ), Na (C(2) Π), and NaK (c ∑). The incorporation of fractional parameters improves predictive accuracy for vibrational energies, as shown by reductions in percentage average absolute deviations from 0.

Relativistic bound state solutions and quantum information theory in D dimensions under exponential-type plus Yukawa potentials.

The bound-state solution of the radial Klein-Gordon equation has been obtained under the interaction of an exponential-type and Yukawa potential functions. The Greene-Aldrich approximation has been used to overcome the centrifugal barrier and enable the analytical solutions of the energy and wave functions in closed form. The momentum space wave function in D dimensions has been constructed using the Fourier transform.

Transorbital subfrontal arrowhead injury: Experience in a low-resource setting.

Background: With the insurgency and farmer-herder crisis in northeast Nigeria, arrow injuries with various fatalities have been on the increase. Practicing in a low-resource setting with no functional computed tomography (CT) scan necessitates utmost dependence on plain X-rays for decision-making in patient care.

Case Description: We present our experience with a patient who presented in our facility with a right transorbital subfrontal arrow injury.

Application of remote sensing and electrical resistivity technique for delineating groundwater potential in North Western Nigeria.

Improving the living condition of residents of Palladan and Basawa community requires access to drinking water. The main objectives of this paper are to identify suitable groundwater zones for productive drilling and to assess groundwater mineralization in the coastal aquifers of the study area. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used in the methodology to generate the groundwater potential map.

Elevated risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes in people with past history of COVID-19 in northeastern Nigeria.

Background: An increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) after COVID-19 has been reported in the United States, Europe, and Asia. The burden of COVID-related DM has yet to be described in Africa, where the overall risk of DM has been increasing rapidly. Our objective was to compare the prevalence of pre-DM and DM in Nigerian individuals with a history of COVID-19 to individuals without known COVID-19 infection.

Knowledge and Perception of Telemedicine among Medical Students of the University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Background: Telemedicine has promising potential to address the challenges faced by healthcare systems in developing countries, in providing equitable access to quality care. However, the practice of telemedicine is generally poor in these countries. The success of telemedicine like any technology depends on numerous factors including users' knowledge and perceptions.

Evaluating the knowledge, attitude, perception, and readiness of caregivers of under 5-year-old children to accept malaria vaccine in Nigeria.

Purpose: The global burden of disease and mortality is greatly influenced by malaria, particularly in children. Nigeria alone accounts for about 25% of global malaria cases and fatalities. Despite efforts to control and eliminate malaria, conventional treatments have limitations, prompting the need for a vaccine.

Reduction of polystyrene/polyurethane plastic wastes from the environment into binders for water-resistant emulsion paints.

Waste management is fundamental to resource and environmental sustainability. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) and polyurethane (PU) waste plastics were recycled and applied as binder in emulsion paint formulation. The recycled polystyrene (rPS) and polyurethane (rPU) were blended into composite resins, where toluene was used as the solvent.

Prevalence and Pattern of Hearing Loss among Young Adults in Tertiary Institutions with Habitual Headphone/Earphone Usage in Kaduna Metropolis.

Background: World Health Organisation estimates that 1.1 billion young people worldwide could be at risk of hearing loss due to unsafe listening practises and nearly half of the teenagers and young adults are exposed to unsafe levels of sound from the use of personal audio devices.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of hearing loss among students with habitual use of headphone/earphone in tertiary institutions in Kaduna.

Non-relativistic energy equations for diatomic molecules constrained in a deformed hyperbolic potential function.

Context: In this paper, the approximate analytical energy equations for the deformed hyperbolic potential have been obtained for arbitrary parameters of the potential. The potential function was transformed to a molecular potential by subjecting it to the Varshni conditions which allows for the determination of the energy levels of diatomic molecules. The molecular vibrational energy spectra for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] diatomic molecules were obtained and found to match with the results obtained with another analytical approach, potential functions, and experimental data.

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing uropathogens in aminu Kano teaching hospital, Northwestern Nigeria.

Background: UTI is the most common nosocomial infection among hospitalized patients. Emerging increasing resistance has been observed among uropathogens of the family enterobacterales. Extended spectrum beta lactamase genes encode for multidrug resistance and unrestricted use of antibiotics in hospitals provides an environment for spread of infections with limited treatment options.