Duodenal mucosal ablation by irreversible electroporation: Modulating the gut-liver axis in metabolic steatotic liver disease.

Targeting the gut-liver axis has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a condition that currently represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Within this axis, the duodenum serves not only as a site of nutrient absorption but also as a metabolic sensor capable of influencing systemic and hepatic homeostasis. We have read with great interest the recent study by Yu , investigating the effects of duodenal mucosal ablation (DMA) by irreversible electroporation in a rat model of MASLD.

Non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring portal hypertension in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Portal hypertension (pHTN), previously thought to occur only with cirrhosis, is now recognized in MASLD even before advanced fibrosis, due to endothelial dysfunction and increased portal pressure. This underscores the need for early, noninvasive detection and treatment.

Outcome prediction for cholangiocarcinoma prognosis: Embracing the machine learning era.

We read with great interest the study by Huang . Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is the second most common type of primary liver tumor worldwide. Although surgical resection remains the primary treatment for this disease, almost 50% of patients experience relapse within 2 years after surgery, which negatively affects their prognosis.

Prognostic challenges in alcoholic hepatitis: From scoring systems to clinical predictors.

In this article, we discuss the recently published article by Yang . This retrospective analysis, which was conducted at a large urban tertiary care center, focused on comparing Lille model scores at days 3 and 7 with established scoring systems and identifying critical clinical predictors, such as renal dysfunction, nutritional status, and underlying cirrhosis. Alcoholic hepatitis (AH), a severe manifestation of alcohol-related liver disease, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, necessitating accurate prognostic tools and comprehensive clinical assessments.

Evaluating the RESET care program: Advancing towards scalable and effective healthcare solutions for metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease.

In this article, we discuss the recently published article by Soni . This study explores the effectiveness of a comprehensive digital health program, RESET care, which integrates personalized dietary plans, structured exercise, and cognitive behavioral therapy delivered through a mobile app equipped with Internet of Things devices such as body composition analyzers and smartwatches. Metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MASLD), a global health burden affecting approximately 25% of the population, demands sustainable lifestyle modifications as its primary management strategy.

MAFLD vs. MASLD: a year in review.

Introduction: In 2023, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was introduced following metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Both aim to address the limitations of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This review analyzes the similarities and differences between MAFLD and MASLD, focusing on their impacts on epidemiology, diagnosis, stigma, and related liver diseases.

Safety and efficacy of selective RIPK1 inhibitor SIR1-365 in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase 1b trial.

Background: Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is mainly activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathogens, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and its activation could result in apoptosis, necroptosis, or inflammation. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a potent and selective inhibitor of RIPK1, SIR1-365, in hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase 1b study screened patients from December 18, 2020 until November 27, 2021.

Revolutionizing the understanding of liver disease: Metabolism, function and future.

The intersection between metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an emerging area of research with significant implications for public health and clinical practice. Wang 's study highlights the complexities of managing patients with concurrent MASLD and HBV. The findings revealed that patients with concurrent MASLD-HBV exhibited more severe liver inflammation and fibrosis, whereas those with HBV alone presented a better lipid profile.

Effect of fatty liver disease on liver function and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and fatty liver disease (FLD) are common chronic liver diseases, both of which can progress to advanced liver diseases with poor outcome. However, it remains controversial whether the presence of FLD aggravates the disease severity of CHB patients.

Patients And Methods: All consecutive outpatients who were diagnosed with CHB at our department between March 1, 2021 and September 30, 2023 were retrospectively screened.

Effectiveness of ICS/LABA and LAMA/LABA in COPD due to biomass.

Background: COPD due to biomass exposure (COPD-B) is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, and there are no clinical trials designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments currently recommended for patients with COPD due to cigarette smoking (COPD-C). The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/V) 100/25 μg and umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI) 62.5/25 μg on the rate of exacerbations, the time to first exacerbation, on dyspnoea, health-related quality of life (HRQL), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) and inspiratory capacity (IC) during a period of 6 months in patients with COPD-B and COPD-C, at a third level referral centre in Mexico City.

Body composition differences in patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Background: Although body composition (BC) has been associated with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), there is little evidence of differences in BC in patients with MASLD regarding body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study was to determine differences in BC in terms of BMI and metabolic comorbidities in patients with MASLD.

Materials And Methods: It is a cross-sectional study with patients who attended the check-up unit.

Why MASLD Lags Behind MAFLD: A Critical Analysis of Diagnostic Criteria Evolution in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Liver Diseases.

Emerging in the 1800s under the label "fat in the liver" and later gaining prominence in the 1980 as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the disease predominantly attributed to metabolic dysfunction presents a formidable health issue marked by substantial morbidity and mortality. It was 2020 when a change of one letter "NAFLD" to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease "MAFLD" linked with the change in the definition and diagnostic criteria began a new controversy around the globe. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) criteria represent a substantial departure from previous diagnostic measures of NAFLD, and provide the first set of positive criteria for diagnosis of the disease in adults and children that emphasise the key attribute of metabolic dysfunction in the pathogenesis, and acknowledges that the disease is a continuum across the life span.

Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease in healthy weight individuals.

Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an increasing public health problem, affecting one third of the global population. Contrary to conventional wisdom, MAFLD is not exclusive to obese or overweight individuals. Epidemiological studies have revealed a remarkable prevalence among healthy weight individuals, leading investigations into the genetic, lifestyle, and dietary factors that contribute to the development of MAFLD in this population.

Regorafenib combined with a PD-1 inhibitor in the second-line setting for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in real-world practice.

Background: Most advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases administered molecular targeted agents and/or anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors have no response or develop resistance. Moreover, second-line therapies still cannot provide beneficial clinical outcomes. A pilot study assessing combined regorafenib and PD-1 inhibitor as second-line treatment of advanced HCC reported promising effectiveness.

Occult liver disease: A multinational perspective.

Occult liver disease refers to the presence of unrecognized chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Liver disease is currently the eleventh cause of death globally, representing 4% of all deaths in the world. Alcohol consumption is the leading cause of cirrhosis globally, accounting for approximately 60% of cases.

Artificial Intelligence in Liver Diseases: Recent Advances.

Liver diseases cause a significant burden on public health worldwide. In spite of great advances during recent years, there are still many challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. During recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognostic prediction of various diseases based on clinical datasets and medical images.

From Liver to Brain: How MAFLD/MASLD Impacts Cognitive Function.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MAFLD/MASLD), is a common chronic liver condition affecting a substantial global population. Beyond its primary impact on liver function, MAFLD/MASLD is associated with a myriad of extrahepatic manifestations, including cognitive impairment. The scope of cognitive impairment within the realm of MAFLD/MASLD is a matter of escalating concern.

Pathology results of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition in retroperitoneal masses: a multicenter study.

Background: Malignant etiologies are found in 70-80% of symptomatic retroperitoneal masses. Histology is required for diagnosis and treatment. Information about endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-GTA) is scant for retroperitoneal masses.

PD-L1 expression complements CALGB prognostic scoring system in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Background: Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression is a predictive biomarker in patients with lung cancer, but its role in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) remains unclear. Evidence suggests that higher PD-L1 expression is correlated with worse survival. CALGB is the main scoring system used to predict the benefit of chemotherapy treatment.