Causal Conditionals, Tendency Causal Claims and Statistical Relevance.

Indicative conditionals and tendency causal claims are closely related (e.g., Frosch and Byrne, 2012), but despite these connections, they are usually studied separately.

Polyautoimmunity Reflecting Immune Dysregulation in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.

: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent symptomatic inborn error of immunity (IEI) in adulthood. Other than recurrent infections, CVID may present with non-infectious complications such as enteropathy, lymphoproliferation, malignancy, and autoimmune diseases. Patients could have a single autoimmune disease (monoautoimmunity) or two or more autoimmune diseases (overt polyautoimmunity).

Extracts as Strategic Phyto-Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease.

In the last decades, plant extracts have received great attention. In particular, many studies pointed out the potential neuroprotective effect of polyphenols-rich extracts from plants. Evidence indeed highlights the action of polyphenols, both as antioxidants and as inhibitors in the formation of amyloid protein aggregates, known to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases.

Tunable Optical Properties of Cu/VSe from the Visible to Terahertz Spectral Range: A First-Principles Study.

In this study, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Density Functional Tight-Binding (DFTB) calculations were used to study two different interfaces of Cu/VSe as well as four nanodiodes of VSe bulk including/excluding the Cu layer. We calculated the electronic and optical properties of two systems of two Cu/VSe in which Cu atoms are positioned on the top and at the corner of the VSe monolayer lattice. The electronic band structure calculations revealed that the metallic properties of the VSe monolayer did not change with the interface of Cu atoms; however, the peak around the Fermi level (E) in Cu/VSe(Top) shifted downward to lower energies.

Leadless pacemaker implantation in real-world clinical practice: An Italian survey promoted by the AIAC (Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing).

Backgrounds: After a decade since the introduction of leadless pacemaker (L-PM), its use is still limited. The aim of this survey is to evaluate how this technology is perceived by electrophysiologist members of a National scientific society in clinical practice.

Methods: A questionnaire with 22 questions was posted in the reserved area of the society website.

Italian guidelines for competitive sport eligibility (COCIS): what are the new indications in the updated 2023 version for the evaluation of athletes with arrhythmias?

The COCIS 2023 guidelines represent the latest update on competitive sports eligibility for athletes with heart disease, developed by the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology and associated medical societies. These updated guidelines reflect advancements in cardiology and sports medicine and introduce clear class of recommendations and levels of evidence for assessing athletes with heart disease. This document focuses on the differences between the 2023 and 2017 versions, particularly regarding athletes with arrhythmias.

Vaccine hesitancy among nurses in the Marche Region.

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is considered one of the top ten threats to global health by the World Health Organization due to the potential public health consequences. Since April 1, 2021, the Italian Government has made COVID-19 vaccination mandatory for healthcare workers. Those who refused to undergo vaccination were suspended from activities involving patient care.

Machine learning-based scoring system to predict cardiogenic shock in acute coronary syndrome.

Aims: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a severe complication of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with mortality rates approaching 50%. The ability to identify high-risk patients prior to the development of CS may allow for pre-emptive measures to prevent the development of CS. The objective was to derive and externally validate a simple, machine learning (ML)-based scoring system using variables readily available at first medical contact to predict the risk of developing CS during hospitalization in patients with ACS.

Comprehensive genomic profiling by liquid biopsy portrays metastatic colorectal cancer mutational landscape to predict antitumor efficacy of FOLFIRI plus cetuximab in the CAPRI-2 GOIM trial.

Background: Limited evidence is currently available on the role of liquid biopsy (LBx) in predicting the efficacy of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Methods: The CAPRI-2 GOIM is a phase II trial investigating the use of LBx-comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP)-guided, cetuximab-based treatment through three subsequent lines of therapy in patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type (WT) mCRC. LBx-CGP is carried out at baseline and at progressive disease to first- and second-line therapies.

Concerted Evolution of Genus-Specific Centromeric Satellite DNA in Eremias (Lacertidae, Reptilia).

Background: Tandemly repeated satellite DNA sequences are an important part of animal genomes. They are involved in chromosome interactions and the maintenance of the integral structure of the nucleus, regulation of chromatin conformation and gene expression, and chromosome condensation and movement during cell division. Satellite DNAs located in the centromeric heterochromatin evolve rapidly and likely affect hybrid fertility and fitness.

Impact on beclometasone dipropionate pharmacokinetics when switching to a low global warming potential propellant in a pressurised metered-dose inhaler.

Introduction: Use of high global warming potential propellants (e.g., HFA-134a) for pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) is being phased down.

Effectiveness and safety of adjunctive cenobamate in people with focal-onset epilepsy: Interim results after 24-week observational period from the BLESS study.

Objective: Cenobamate is an antiseizure medication (ASM) with a dual mechanism of action that was recently approved for the treatment of focal seizures in adults. This analysis aimed to describe the outcomes at 12 and 24 weeks after starting cenobamate therapy in a real-world setting.

Methods: BLESS [NCT05859854] is an ongoing, observational, retrospective and prospective cohort study to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of adjunctive cenobamate in adults with uncontrolled focal epilepsy.

Adjunctive Brivaracetam in People with Epilepsy and Intellectual Disability: Evidence from the BRIVAracetam Add-On First Italian netwoRk Study.

Introduction: Subjects with intellectual disability are usually excluded from clinical trials and there is limited evidence-based guidance for the choice of antiseizure medications in this vulnerable population. The study explored the effectiveness of brivaracetam (BRV) in people with epilepsy and intellectual disability.

Methods: BRIVAracetam add-on First Italian netwoRk Study (BRIVAFIRST) was a 12-month retrospective, multicenter study including adults prescribed adjunctive BRV.

Second-Line Medications for Women Aged 10 to 50 Years With Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy.

Importance: Women with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) face challenges in treatment due to limited options that are both effective and safe.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of substitution monotherapy vs add-on therapy as second-line options for women who might become pregnant with IGE after failure of first-line antiseizure medications (ASMs) other than valproic acid.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Multicenter retrospective comparative effectiveness cohort study at 18 primary, secondary, and tertiary adult and children epilepsy centers across 4 countries, analyzing data from 1995 to 2023.

Analysis of cytosolic mtDNA release during Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the principal human pathogens, causing severe infections in skin wounds. MRSA infection triggers a cell response mainly by mitochondrial-mediated pathway, resulting in mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, extrusion of the mitochondrial inner membrane into the cytoplasm, and then spillage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cytoplasm. The cell recognizes the discharged cytosolic mtDNA (cmtDNA) as "not-itself" because of mtDNA properties and triggers cascade events, such as the activation of inflammasomes.

Monitoring cellular dynamics upon infection using a holotomography-based approach.

Many intracellular bacteria interfere with mitochondrial dynamics or target other organelles, thereby inducing a specific cellular response that could emerge as a strategy of the pathogen to ensure its survival, or as a form of defense employed by the host cell to restrict dissemination. In this context, the concomitant monitoring of both pathogen migration and (intra)cellular dynamics in live cells emerges as a pivotal aspect for the comprehension of the infection sequence and to visualize the pathogen-mediated remodeling that could occur to the entire cellular system. Holotomographic microscopy can be used to achieve this goal, allowing the simultaneous analysis of both bacterial movement and intracellular alteration for extended periods of time, with high spatial resolution and avoiding side-effects due to phototoxicity.

Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Psoriasis: A Multicenter Study.

Background: Psoriasis is linked to an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data on the electrophysiological substrate and outcomes of AF ablation in patients with psoriasis are lacking.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study involving 48 patients with psoriasis (median age, 66 years [56-72]; 79% male) and paroxysmal (n=25.

Unveiling the Interactions between Amino Acids-Based Surfactants and Lipid Bilayers: A Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Reflectivity Study.

-Acyl amino acids are biodegradable anionic amphiphilic molecules made up of linear fatty acids as hydrophobic tails and amino acids as polar heads, which are promising for their applicability in different technological fields. In the light of widening their use, a deeper understanding of their interactions with biological membranes is required, especially to further assess their toxicological profile. We investigated the interaction between -decanoyl amino acid surfactants and phospholipid bilayers as simple models for biological membranes in comparison to sodium dodecyl sulfate using neutron scattering techniques.

Probing the effect of the molecular interface of gold nanoparticles on the disassembly of insulin amyloid fibrils.

Aberrant protein aggregation into amyloid fibrils underlies the onset of several degenerative pathologies, requiring increasing efforts to identify ever newer approaches to prevent their formation and to disassemble toxic amyloid structures. In this context, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) show great promise, thanks to their ability to chemically interact with proteins while simultaneously serving as local spectroscopic probes due to their peculiar optical properties. Here, we investigate the role of the surface chemistry of AuNPs in the disassembly of insulin amyloid fibrils.

Exploring the Effectiveness of Adjunctive Cenobamate in Focal Epilepsy: A Time-Based Analysis.

Background: A growing body of evidence supports the effectiveness of cenobamate (CNB). This study aimed to assess the clinical response to add-on CNB through a time-to-event approach and explore the potential contribution of the concomitant classes of antiseizure medications (ASMs) to improve CNB clinical use.

Patients And Methods: This study is a subgroup analysis of a larger retrospective, multicenter study on adults with focal-onset seizures participating in the Italian Expanded Access Program at five pre-established centers.

The Survival of the Kiss: Presence and Persistence of Salivary Male DNA in Mixed Samples.

Background/objectives: The study of DNA transfer and persistence has become increasingly significant, driven by advancements in DNA detection sensitivity and the need for reliable forensic evidence. In forensic investigations, saliva and saliva-stained materials are recognised as valuable DNA sources, particularly in cases of homicide, sexual assault, and burglary, where saliva can be transferred between individuals during the criminal act. The time between the crime and sample collection is a critical factor that can influence the success of the analysis.

Properties of "Stable" Mosquito Cytochrome P450 Enzymes.

The use of insecticides is widespread in the control of debilitating mosquito-borne diseases. P450 enzymes (CYPs) play essential roles in mosquito physiological function but also in the enzymatic detoxification of xenobiotics. Broadly speaking, CYPs can be classified as "stable", meaning those that have no or very few paralogs, and "labile", constituting gene families with many paralogous members.

Gossypin-Loaded Ethosome Gel for Cutaneous Administration: A Preliminary Study on Melanoma Cells.

A preformulative study was conducted to produce and characterize ethosomes for the transdermal delivery of gossypin. This plant-derived compound possesses many pharmacological properties, including antitumoral potential. Ethosome dispersions were designed as transdermal delivery systems for gossypin, employing two different production procedures.

A blue blood toddler- a case report of methemoglobinemia and literature review.

Background: Methemoglobinemia (MetHb) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition caused by oxidation of ferrous hemoglobin (Fe2+) to the ferric (Fe3+) state, making it incapable of binding oxygen and resulting in cyanosis and tissue ischemia.

Case Presentation: This case presentation describes a 1-year-old boy who developed sudden cyanosis and reduced consciousness disorder. An initial assessment showed decreased oxygen saturation (SpO2 85%) despite oxygen therapy, while point-of-care venous blood gas (VBG) analysis assessed high rates of MetHb (72.