Fruit and vegetable intake in minority ethnic groups in the UK: analysis from 'Understanding Society' and UK Biobank.

Objective: To examine differences in fruit and vegetable intake and food insecurity between Black African and Caribbean and South Asian (Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi) ethnic minority groups with a White (British) reference population in the UK. This study was part of the TANGERINE project (nuTritional heAlth aNd aGeing in oldER ethnIc miNoritiEs).

Design: Longitudinal analysis using multilevel logistic regression from Understanding Society, and a cross-sectional comparison with UK Biobank.

Autonomic Nervous System, Cognition, and Emotional Valence During Different Phases of the Menstrual Cycle-A Narrative Review.

The menstrual cycle affects the autonomic nervous system (ANS), cognition, and emotional valence in all biological women. There exists a complex relationship between hormonal fluctuations, ANS, cognition, and emotional valence during the different phases of the menstrual cycle, which includes menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase. Hence, this narrative review is an attempt to comprehensively understand the effects of the menstrual cycle on the structural and functional integrity of the ANS.

Five Weeks of Whole-body Vibration in Prehabilitation for Knee Function Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Single-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Good preoperative quadriceps neuromuscular function is associated with satisfactory functional outcomes post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Whole-body vibration (WBV), which can modulate quadriceps neuromuscular function has not yet been incorporated into ACL prehabilitation. The aim of this study was to determine whether the combination of WBV in a prehabilitation program could achieve a better knee function after ACLR by promoting quadriceps neuromuscular function during the preoperative period.

Hydration, mood, and cognition in primary school aged children in the United Kingdom.

Effective cognition is fundamental to academic attainment and has been linked to multiple dietary behaviours, including adequate hydration. This study aimed to evaluate whether the hydration status of primary school children (9-10y) across the school day was associated with cognition and mood. Food and fluid intake were tracked using photographic dietary records.

Optimising and evaluating centralised infrastructure transitions: A case study of wastewater treatment plants consolidations in the UK.

Rational planning is essential for infrastructure transitions in network industries due to the substantial investment costs involved. This study evaluates the economic feasibility of transitioning to a centralised wastewater treatment paradigm. We propose a hybrid Wastewater Infrastructure Transition Optimisation and Evaluation (WWITOE) framework that integrates mathematical optimisation and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), explicitly accounting for geographic, topographic, and hydraulic cost uncertainties.

Steric and Geometric Tuning of π-Conjugated Antennae in Europium(III) Complexes for Selective ADP Recognition.

The selective recognition of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in water presents a significant challenge for synthetic supramolecular chemistry, driven by its biological importance in cellular energy transfer and enzymatic signaling pathways. Discriminating ADP from structurally similar anions such as ATP requires a high degree of host-guest complementarity. We recently developed [Eu.

How do the drivers react to different C-V2X-based communication conditions in dilemma zones? A driving simulator study.

Drivers should react quickly in dilemma zones at signalized intersections, where ill-timed decisions may result in rear-end or angular collisions with other vehicles. Recent advancements in connected vehicle (CV) technologies, particularly cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X), are expected to enhance driver decision-making by providing real-time traffic information. Despite this, most previous studies have not considered the latest C-V2X specifications, leaving critical questions unanswered about how drivers interact with and benefit from this technology in dilemma-zone scenarios.

Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies of Zinc Oxide in an Eco-Friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent for Zn Electrodeposition.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a waste produced from end-of-life Zinc-air batteries. Recycling of these spent batteries is important to reduce the pressure on primary zinc sources and to mitigate environmental pollution. To address the recyclability of waste ZnO from different sources, here we have studied ZnO dissolution and Zn electrodeposition in deep eutectic solvents (DES) of betaine hydrochloride (Betaine-HCl) and formic acid (FA) using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques.

State of science: New frontiers in inclusive design and digital health intervention.

Inclusive design has evolved as a design approach and a research topic in the last three decades. Despite its evolution, there are new frontiers to consider in the context of two phenomena: global ageing populations and the digital transition of services, particularly healthcare. This state-of-science paper presents challenges to be considered when taking an intersectional perspective and its impact on the development of digital health intervention (DHI).

The Effect of Heat Stress and Dehydration on Carbohydrate Use During Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Carbohydrate metabolism during prolonged endurance exercise can be influenced by heat stress and dehydration. While heat exposure and dehydration have been shown to independently affect glycogen use and carbohydrate oxidation, their combined impact remains unclear. No previous review has systematically evaluated the effects of these factors on carbohydrate metabolism during prolonged endurance exercise or undertaken a meta-analysis.

Disordered eating within elite male adolescent rugby: a cross-sectional study of the eating habits and attitudes in male academy rugby union players.

Background: Due to a range of pressures associated with high-performance environments, elite athletes are at increased risk of eating disorders and disordered eating. Most prevalence studies focus on female athletes in lean or esthetic sports, with males, particularly those competing in power sports, seldom considered. This study addresses this gap by exploring disordered eating in elite male adolescent rugby union players.

Efficient and sustainable preparation of fine particles by a bubble-assisted freeze-dissolving method.

The development of fine particles has enabled innovative solutions across energy, environmental, and biomedical applications, driving the demand for cleaner, more efficient, and environmentally friendly synthesis methods. In this study, we present a freeze-dissolving approach as a sustainable and energy-efficient alternative to conventional freeze-drying for the preparation of KHCO and NHHPO fine particles. By dripping aqueous solutions of KHCO or NHHPO into liquid nitrogen, ice-templated particles were rapidly formed and these ice particles were subsequently dissolved in ethanol below 273.

Communicating anaphylaxis risk in pediatric allergy consultations: A conversation analytic study.

Unlabelled: Allergy in children is increasing. Reactions vary, with severe cases involving potentially fatal anaphylaxis which is treated with adrenaline. At-risk patients are prescribed adrenaline auto-injectors.

Risk communication during treatment decision-making conversations with older people with advanced kidney disease.

Objective: Most older people with advanced kidney disease are medically ineligible for transplant, hence the treatments available are dialysis or conservative kidney management (CKM). Previous research indicates that in the information patients receive from clinicians, dialysis is often prioritised over CKM. However, there is evidence that for older people and those with other health issues, dialysis is not always more beneficial.

Affect mediates the relationship between physiological and motivational responses to exercise.

How the interaction between physiological and motivational responses to exercise contribute to explaining endurance performance is poorly understood. This study investigated whether within-person changes in blood lactate concentration, heart rate (HR), volume of oxygen uptake () and body temperature underlie desire to reduce effort and performance goal value during incremental exercise. Furthermore, the role of core affect in explaining these relationships was explored.

Longitudinal development of match performance in elite field hockey players training within a high-performance environment.

This study examined whether the performance characteristics of male university field hockey players were associated with undergraduate degree year of study. Fifty-two male university field hockey players (age 20.8 ± 2.

The critical dimension of memory engrams and an optimal number of senses.

In this work, we analyse the fundamental question: how many senses are optimal for memory and learning. To answer this question, we introduce and analyse a novel kinetic model of memory engrams. The model, built on basic general principles and phenomenology, captures the engrams' emergence and evolution driven by their interaction with external environment, learning, and forgetting.

Educating staff on physical activity promotion in secure psychiatric care: the development of a self-determination theory informed intervention.

Background: Healthcare assistants (HCAs) are well placed to promote physical activity (PA) in secure hospitals, though multiple barriers limit these opportunities. Using a Medical Research Council (MRC) commissioned framework, this study aimed to develop a self-determination theory (SDT) informed e-learning module for HCA's.

Methods: The development process included three phases.

Temperature impact on thermo-electrochemical behavior of silicon-based photoelectrochemical flow cells.

Increased attention has been focused on photoelectrochemical redox flow cell systems as a potential integrated technology for simultaneously converting and storing intermittent solar energy. Photoelectrochemical voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy tests were conducted using a single-junction c-Si photoelectrode immersed in Fe(CN)63-/4- under thermal load to evaluate the temperature effect on the thermo-electrochemical performance of silicon-based photoelectrochemical cells. It was observed that the current density significantly increased with temperature as a consequence of enhanced kinetics and electrolyte characteristics, while a detriment to the potential output was identified and predominantly attributed to variations of photovoltaic characteristics.

Rationalising Exciton Interactions in Aggregates Based on the Transition Density.

Aggregation effects of molecular chromophores play a crucial role in determining the spectroscopic properties of solid-state organic materials. Within this work, we focus on excitonic coupling and particularly the question of whether aggregation leads to H- or J-type coupling, that is, whether the lowest energy excited state of the aggregate is optically bright or not. Employing a supermolecular picture to represent the different terms giving rise to exciton splitting, we develop an intuitive and generally applicable phenomenological model for estimating the sign and magnitude of the exciton coupling.

Longitudinal Performance Changes in Transgender Women Athletes Pre and Post Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate athletic performance and training in transgender women (TW) athletes competing in running and swimming both pre and post gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). Using survey methods, 9 TW runners and 1 TW swimmer provided independently verified retrospective data for race times, training volume, height, body mass, and testosterone, oestrogen and haemoglobin concentrations and pre-GAHT and post-GAHT. Prospective data were collected for a further 12 months.

Intensity modifies the association between continuous bouts of physical activity and risk of mortality: A prospective UK Biobank cohort analysis.

Background: Recent evidence suggests continuous bouts of physical activity (PA) are associated with longevity. We hypothesized the risk of mortality would be lower when the most active minutes of the day were in a continuous bout.

Methods: PA was assessed using accelerometery in UK Biobank participants.

Excess water availability in northern mid-high latitudes contiguously migrated from ocean under climate change.

Terrestrial water availability sustains livelihoods, socioeconomic development, and ecosystems. Despite an understanding of contributions of oceanic moisture to terrestrial hydroclimatic extremes, whether surpluses of terrestrial water availability migrate directly and contiguously from the ocean and the influence of climate change on this process remain unclear. Here, we use a coherent feature-tracking method to identify ocean-to-land water availability surpluses (OWASs), characterized by spatiotemporally contiguous migration of excess atmospheric freshwater (precipitation-minus-evapotranspiration) from ocean to land.

Curating the Health Humanities: Perspectives from Literary Studies.

This reflective review examines the curatorial possibilities of bringing literary scholars, archivists, makers, and artists into dialogue through an exhibition organized by the Health Humanities Research Group at Loughborough University in 2023. We reflect on how material culture, visual art, historical objects, and archives are part of our practice as literary scholars and the collaborative potential this engenders. The objects on display ranged from historical pieces, such as an early modern birthing stool, to contemporary creative works, including textiles, found poems, and digital collages.

CPR/AED Training State Requirements for US High School Students and Athletic Coaches: A Descriptive Comparison.

Context: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remains the leading cause of death in sport. Research has consistently shown that CPR/AED training significantly increases the likelihood of bystander intervention in cardiac emergencies.

Objective: To compare statewide policies requiring CPR/AED training as a graduation requirement for students and CP.