Elevated plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a potential risk biomarker for major depressive disorder in middle-aged women: A nested case-control study.

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a critical role in neuronal development and neural connectivity, and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, its predictive value for MDD onset remains unclear. This study examined whether baseline BDNF levels are associated with incident MDD in middle-aged women.

Risk of colorectal cancer by family history of both colorectal carcinomas and colorectal polyps: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: The increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) associated with family history of both colorectal in situ or invasive carcinomas (Stage 0 to IV) and colorectal polyps is attributed solely to family history of CRC, resulting in an underestimation of the actual risk. We aimed to assess the association between overall and early-onset CRC (EOCRC) risk and family history of both colorectal carcinomas and polyps.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide cohort study leveraging Swedish family-cancer datasets with follow-up from 1964 to 2018.

Elevated Risk of HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancers in Husbands of Women With Anogenital Cancer.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with tonsillar and base-of-tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCC/BOTSCC). We evaluated the relative risk (RR) of TSCC/BOTSCC in the husbands of women with anogenital cancer using the Swedish family database.

Methods: The Swedish family database includes 3.

Osteoporotic fractures among foreign-born individuals registered in Sweden before and after the age of 30 years.

Purpose: To analyse risk of osteoporotic fractures in foreign-born individuals migrating to Sweden at different ages, compared to Swedish-born individuals.

Methods: This was a nationwide open cohort study including individuals ≥30 years of age at baseline (N = 4,715,081). Foreign-born individuals were divided as having arrived to and being registered in Sweden from the ages 0-30 years of age or >30 years of age.

Immigrants' diminished protective effects of parental education and employment on youth mood disorders in Sweden.

Objectives: While high socioeconomic status (SES) indicators generally protect against mental health issues such as mood disorders in overall populations, evidence suggests that these protective effects might be attenuated for marginalized groups such as immigrants, in comparison to groups who are more socially privileged. This phenomenon is referred to as Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs). Existing knowledge on diminished returns of SES indicators primarily stems from cross-sectional comparisons of racial groups of adults in the US.

The Impact of the Parental Patterns of Morbidity and Comorbidity in the Cross-Generational Transmission of Risk for Major Depression and Alcohol Use Disorder.

To further understand the inter-relationship of the familial transmission of major depression (MD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), we examine, via a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, risks for AUD and MD in 1,244,516 individuals born in Sweden from 1970 to 1990 to intact mother-father pairs as a function of parental diagnoses of MD and/or AUD. Across the nine possible mating types, we see both direct transmission (MD → MD, AUD → AUD) and also, less strongly, indirect transmission: MD → AUD and AUD → MD. Risks in offspring accumulate with multiple affected parents, which reveals the impact of interactive effects in risk prediction.

The outcome of major psychiatric and substance use disorders as an index of genetic risk and genetic heterogeneity.

Background: We investigate whether, in Swedish national registers, social and psychiatric outcomes for six major psychiatric and substance disorders - drug use disorder (DUD), alcohol use disorder (AUD), major depression (MD), bipolar disorder (BD), anxiety disorder (AD), and schizophrenia (SZ) - reflect the primary genetic risk for each disorder and the level of genetic heterogeneity.

Methods: We utilize Genetic Risk Ratios - defined as the ratio of the genetic risk for secondary disorders to the genetic risk for the primary disorder - derived from Family Genetic Risk Scores. Poor social outcome was defined by a common factor of four variables: receipt of social welfare, sick leave, early retirement pension, and residence in a socially deprived area.

Somatic disease burden in parents of children with cancer - a nationwide cohort study in Sweden.

Objective: A diagnosis of childhood cancer is profoundly devastating for families, with well-recognized effects on parental mental health. However, its impact on parental somatic health remains poorly understood, particularly regarding potential long-term cumulative burden. These persistent somatic diseases require frequent clinic visits for ongoing management and adversely affect parents' quality of life.

Association between neighborhood deprivation and type 2 diabetes risks among asthma patients: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of neighborhood deprivation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among individuals with asthma. This nationwide, open cohort study conducted in Sweden from 1997 to 2018 included asthma patients of all ages (n = 1,051,240) to assess their subsequent risk of developing T2DM. The study compared asthma patients residing in highly deprived neighborhoods with those living in moderately or less deprived areas (reference group).

Profiles of Genetic Risks for Psychotic Disorders.

Importance: The etiologic interrelationship of 4 rare/controversial psychotic disorders (delusional disorder [DD], acute psychoses [AP], psychosis not otherwise specified [PNOS], and schizoaffective disorder [SAD]) is poorly understood.

Objective: To assess levels of the family genetic risk score (FGRS) for schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depression (MD) in individuals with DD, AP, PNOS, and SAD, thereby clarifying their genetic relationships.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included all individuals born in Sweden between 1950 and 2000 to Swedish-born parents followed up until 2018 with diagnoses of MD, BD, SZ, SAD, AP, PNOS, and DD, based on diagnosis codes from national registries.

Parental mental disorders and school performance among non-immigrant and second-generation immigrant children in Sweden.

Introduction: Immigrant children are often challenged at school. School performance is an important predictor of future socioeconomic position and mental and physical health. While studies have investigated parental mental disorders as a potential factor for poor school performance, no studies have investigated this among children with foreign-born parents, i.

Long-term outcomes after unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy: A registry-based retrospective cohort study.

Background: Opportunistic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) is recommended in women who have undergone a hysterectomy due to gynecological carcinomas and/or in women with genetic indications, especially for women who do not intend to conceive. However, there is ongoing debate about whether BSO should be recommended in premenopausal women, due to the early cessation of estradiol because of BSO which is linked to several health concerns, including coronary artery disease (CAD) and osteoporosis. This study aims to explore whether ovarian cancer can be prevented by unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (USO) while not affecting the long-term risk of CAD and osteoporosis.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of stroke: a Swedish nationwide co-sibling study.

Background And Aims: The lifelong risk of stroke following adverse pregnancy outcomes, and potential causality, are unknown. This study examined five major adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of stroke in a large population-based cohort.

Methods: A national cohort study was conducted of all 2 201 393 women with a singleton delivery in Sweden during 1973-2015, followed up for stroke through 2018.

Familial risks of five types of osteoarthritis in first-, second- and third-degree relatives - A nationwide Swedish family study.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease with a genetic contribution. However, no large nationwide family study concerning the heredity of OA has been published. This first nationwide study aimed to determine the familial risks of the main types of OA in twins, full-siblings, half-siblings, and cousins in Sweden.

Nonsteroid Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use in Female Elite Ice Hockey Players With and Without Previous Concussions and Musculoskeletal Injuries.

Ice hockey is a high-intensity sport with high rates of concussions and musculoskeletal injuries. To manage pain, players may (over) use nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which can have adverse health effects. In 2022, the Swedish Women's Elite League (SDHL) became the first women's league to introduce body checking, potentially increasing injury risks and NSAID use.

The Mitochondrial Signature for Predicting Outcome of Early-Stage Breast Cancer by Machine Learning.

Introduction: Breast cancer, a leading female cancer worldwide, can be influenced by mitochondrial dysfunction. Dysregulation of mitochondria by the nuclear genome may cause breast cancer initiation and progression. However, the comprehensive investigation of mitochondrial-related genes as prognostic marker for the overall survival of early-stage breast cancer patients is still limited.

The healthcare system in Sweden.

The Swedish population is characterized by high life expectancy and low avoidable mortality rates. This review outlines the Swedish healthcare system, which offers universal access to all residents and has a long tradition of reforms for social equity. Responsibility for healthcare is shared between the state, the regions, and the municipalities.

The Impact of a Registry-Based Environmental Risk Score on Episodes of Alcohol Use Disorder and Drug Use Disorder in Swedish National Samples.

Objective: Psychosocial stress increases the risk for subsequent episodes of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD), with most studies assessing stress exposure by questionnaire or interview methods. We developed an environmental risk score (ERS) using multiple classes of stressful life events (SLEs) obtained from national Swedish registries.

Method: We assessed, in the entire adult population of Sweden ( = 7,105,712), the occurrence of 51 categories of SLEs derived from registry information for the six months prior to 9/1/2010 and the risk for AUD and DUD registration over the subsequent 18 months.

Exploring the Influence of Parental Mental Illness on Childhood Cancer Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Sweden.

Background: Parents face mental health challenges following their child's cancer diagnosis. However, it is unknown whether parental mental illness following a childhood cancer diagnosis influences the child's mortality.

Patients And Methods: Using several nationwide registers in Sweden, we identified children diagnosed with cancer between ages 0 to 14 from 2005 to 2016.

A multivariate Swedish national twin-sibling study in women of major depression, anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel syndrome.

Background: Functional Somatic Disorders (FSD) and Internalizing Psychiatric Disorders (IPD) are frequently comorbid and likely share familial/genetic risk factors.

Methods: We performed a Common Factor Multivariate Analysis of 2 FSDs, Fibromyalgia (FM) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), and two IPDs, Major Depression (MD) and Anxiety Disorders (AD), in five kinds of Swedish female-female relative pairs: monozygotic (n = 8,052) dizygotic (n = 7216), full siblings (n = 712,762), half-siblings reared together (n = 23,623), and half-siblings reared apart (n = 53,873). Model fitting was by full information maximum likelihood using OpenMx.

Associations Between Prostate Cancer and Dementia: A Nationwide Study in Sweden.

Background And Objective: Prostate cancer (PC) and dementia may commonly co-occur; yet, prior evidence for bidirectional associations is inconsistent. This study aims to determine the associations between PC and dementia in large population-based studies, which may further inform clinical care.

Methods: To assess the dementia risk in men with PC, a national cohort study was conducted in 178 746 men diagnosed with PC in 1998-2017 and 1 787 460 age-matched control men in Sweden without prior dementia.

Exploring the implications of case selection methods for psychiatric molecular genetic studies.

Researchers selecting probands for molecular genetic studies confront a range of sampling issues with modest empirical guidance. In this paper, using cases of major depression (MD), anxiety disorders (AD) alcohol use disorder (AUD), drug use disorder (DUD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) from a large population cohort of all native Swedes born 1940-2003, we examine the implications of three proband selection decisions by exploring profiles of genetic risks assessed using the validated family genetic risk scores. The impact of censoring cases with comorbid diagnoses is quite variable, depending on the frequency of that disorder in the case sample and the genetic relationship of the censored to the primary disorder.

Family history of diabetes mellitus and risk of colorectal cancer: A nationwide cohort study.

Aims: Studies have shown the association between personal history of diabetes mellitus (DM type 1/2) and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to find the association between the family history of diabetes and CRC risk.

Methods: This large nationwide cohort study leveraged data from several Swedish nationwide registers (follow-up: 1964-2018) to compare the risk using standardized incidence ratio (SIR).