SARS-CoV-2 antibody and neutralization dynamics among persons with natural- and vaccine-induced exposures.

Previous SARS-CoV-2 research indicates that antibody levels and corresponding neutralization potential increase with additional exposures (comprising vaccination or infection), and that hybrid immunity resulting from combined vaccination and natural infection is more robust than either alone. However, it is unclear whether or how antibody levels increase or eventually plateau with repeated exposures and how SARS-CoV-2 exposure differs by sex or other demographic factors. Research regarding the association of antibody production with neutralization potential is also limited.

Elevated Risk of HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancers in Husbands of Women With Anogenital Cancer.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with tonsillar and base-of-tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCC/BOTSCC). We evaluated the relative risk (RR) of TSCC/BOTSCC in the husbands of women with anogenital cancer using the Swedish family database.

Methods: The Swedish family database includes 3.

First trimester maternal infections and offspring congenital heart defects: a meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Maternal infections have been proposed to play a role in the development of congenital heart defects (CHD). This study aims to synthesize contemporary evidence on the association between first-trimester maternal infection and risk of offspring CHD.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO number: CRD42024523638) used Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies investigating first-trimester maternal infection and offspring CHD, published up until 30 September 2024.

AS04 drives superior cross-protective antibody response by increased NOTCH signaling of dendritic cells and proliferation of memory B cells.

Introduction: The Gardasil-4 vaccine targets HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 and is formulated with amorphous alum. Cervarix targets HPV types 16 and 18 using AS04 (Al(OH)3 + TLR4 agonist MPL) to enhance immune response. Cervarix elicits higher cross-protection against other high-risk HPV types, likely mediated by AS04.

Calibrating multiplex serology for Helicobacter pylori.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that colonizes the stomach and is a major risk factor for gastric cancer, with an estimated 89% of non-cardia gastric cancer cases worldwide attributable to H. pylori.

Epstein-Barr Virus Serology Associated With Persistent Oral Human Papillomavirus Infections in Men.

Background: Most people acquire Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and certain human papillomaviruses (HPVs) during their lifetime. HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinomas have increased in recent decades, particularly among men. The role of coinfection with viruses like EBV on HPV outcomes is unclear.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology and its impact on oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection outcomes in children during early childhood.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and various human papillomaviruses (HPVs) commonly infect the oral mucosa, yet the longitudinal effects of these infections and their potential coinfections remain poorly understood. This study investigated whether early EBV infection and antibody responses influence oral HPV infections in young children. We included 283 children from the Finnish Family HPV cohort study, who were followed for 3 years post-birth.

Erratum: Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and genotyping among healthy adult populations in the United States and Europe: results from the PROGRESS (PRevalence of Oral hpv infection, a Global aSSessment) study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.

Evidence-based guideline diagnosis, treatment, prevention and aftercare of oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

The guideline is being drawn up as a joint guideline for oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Oropharyngeal carcinoma in particular has experienced the greatest increase in incidence among all head and neck carcinomas in the last 20 years and is now the sixth most common cancer in men in Germany. Together with hypopharyngeal carcinoma, these tumors are currently the most common cancer entity in the head and neck region.

High Seroprevalence of and CagA/VacA Virulence Factors in Northern Central America.

Background: Northern Central America is unique in the Western Hemisphere, with a high incidence of gastric cancer, low/middle-income country (LMIC) status, and a substantial emigration to the United States. The two primary () virulence factors related to carcinogenesis are cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA). The prevalence of these factors may help delineate gastric cancer risk in the region.

Direct Comparison of Alternative Blood-Based Approaches for Early Detection and Diagnosis of HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancers.

Purpose: The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + HNSCC) is increasing in the United States. Currently, there are no early detection approaches for HPV + HNSCC. Two blood-based analytes for early detection and diagnosis of HPV + HNSCC, circulating tumor HPV DNA (ctHPVDNA) and HPV early protein antibodies (HPV Ab), show promise, yet current approaches lack adequate diagnostic accuracy for broad clinical utility.

A population-based case-control study of COVID-19: methodological considerations on the role of testing bias.

Introduction: Targeting people at risk of COVID-19 infection has been critical to containing the pandemic. Using only differences in cumulative incidence by sociodemographic groups can be misleading, as it reflects both factors related to infection risk and those related to testing for infection. The aim of this analysis was to disentangle the determinants of both mechanisms.

Maternal-fetal transfer and longitudinal trends of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium in early childhood.

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium can have significant implications during early childhood. This study aimed to assess maternal antibodies to C. trachomatis and M.

Genome-wide association study identifies common variants associated with breast cancer in South African Black women.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have characterized the contribution of common variants to breast cancer (BC) risk in populations of European ancestry, however GWAS have not been reported in resident African populations. This GWAS included 2485 resident African BC cases and 1101 population matched controls. Two risk loci were identified, located between UNC13C and RAB27A on chromosome 15 (rs7181788, p = 1.

Helicobacter pylori multiplex serology and its dynamics within families during a 3-year prospective follow-up.

Objectives: Transmission routes of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) have been extensively studied, but many aspects remain unclear. This study explored the dynamics of multiplex Hp serology within regular families during a 36-month prospective follow-up.

Methods: Altogether, 329 families from the Finnish Family HPV study were subjected to sequential blood sampling and now tested also for six Hp proteins, HP0010, HP0073, HP0547, HP0875, HP0887, and HP1564, using multiplex serology assay.

Time course and determinants of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in Costa Rica: the RESPIRA study.

Background: Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 are essential for protection or reduction in severity of subsequent disease. We studied antibody responses to spike protein receptor-binding domain (S1-RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) in a population-based sample of COVID-19 cases in Costa Rica.

Methods: As part of the RESPIRA study, we selected an age-stratified random sample of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases diagnosed from March 2020 to July 2021.

Post-treatment monitoring of surgically treated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients using human papillomavirus cell-free DNA.

Introduction: The incidence rate of human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing. Despite good prognosis, recurrence can decrease health-related quality of life and increase mortality, so post-treatment monitoring is important for patient outcomes. One potential biomarker for post-treatment monitoring is HPV cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from blood plasma.

Performance of 8 Smoking Metrics for Modeling Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Importance: Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for mortality in patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, little evidence supports which smoking metric best models the association between smoking and survival in HNSCC.

Objective: To determine which smoking metric best models a linear association between smoking exposure and overall survival (OS) in patients with HNSCC.

Basal T cell activation predicts yellow fever vaccine response independently of cytomegalovirus infection and sex-related immune variations.

The live-attenuated yellow fever 17D (YF17D) vaccine is a model of acute viral infection that induces long-lasting protective immunity. Among immunocompetent adults, responses to YF17D vary significantly. To understand the sources of this variability, we investigate the influence of sex, age, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type, and 20 prior infections on basal immune parameters and the cellular and antibody response to YF17D in 250 healthy young individuals.

Efficacy of oral rinse and other detection methods in detecting oral human papillomavirus infections: The Oromouth cohort study.

Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) mediated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) incidence has increased dramatically. Accurate oral HPV prevalence data are essential for assessing population epidemiology, vaccination and screening programmes. As oral rinse is the most commonly used primary outcome measure for estimating oral HPV prevalence, we aimed to compare the efficacy of oral rinse against other detection methods.

Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 Seroprevalence among Men Living with HIV without HPV-Driven Malignancies.

Individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at a higher risk for developing human papillomavirus-driven oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + OPSCC). There are no methods for early detection; however, HPV16 E6 antibodies have been identified as a promising early marker. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HPV16 E6 antibodies among men living with HIV, with secondary objectives of analyzing clinical and serologic predictors of HPV16 E6 seropositivity.

Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and genotyping among healthy adult populations in the United States and Europe: results from the PROGRESS (PRevalence of Oral hpv infection, a Global aSSessment) study.

Background: HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing in incidence, yet there are few well-designed oral HPV epidemiology studies in general populations. This study assessed oral HPV prevalence and risk-factors among a general population in Europe and the United States (US).

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2020 and July 2023 in 105 dental offices in France, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom (UK) and US.

Viral and immune dynamics of genital human papillomavirus infections in young women with high temporal resolution.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections drive one in 20 new cancer cases, exerting a particularly high burden on women. Most anogenital HPV infections are cleared in less than two years, but the underlying mechanisms that favour persistence in around 10% of women remain largely unknown. Notwithstanding, it is precisely this information that is crucial for improving treatment, screening, and vaccination strategies.

Naturally Acquired Genotype-Specific HPV Seroreactivity and Subsequent HPV Detection Among Heterosexual Partners.

The protective effect of naturally acquired humoral immunity against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains unclear. To investigate the role of infection-induced antibodies on HPV detection in heterosexual partners, we used data from 392 unvaccinated couples (females aged 18-25 years attended up to six visits over 2 years; males aged 17-37 years attended up to two visits 4 months apart) enrolled (2005-2011) in Montreal. Genital and blood samples were HPV DNA genotyped and tested for L1 antibody titers of 14 HPV genotypes.