Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in mules under general anesthesia induced with a high-dose xylazine-based protocol.

Background And Aim: Echocardiographic assessment in equines is typically performed on standing animals; however, no studies have evaluated left ventricular function in anesthetized mules using high-dose xylazine. Given the unique pharmacokinetics in mules and their higher anesthetic requirements, this study aimed to assess the effects of acepromazine-xylazine-diazepam-ketamine anesthesia, using the upper limit xylazine dose (1.6 mg/kg), on the left ventricular size and function in mules.

Quinolone resistance in from Thai ducks: Mutation analysis of , and genes.

Background And Aim: is a Gram-negative bacterium causing systemic infections in ducks, often treated with quinolones. However, increasing resistance to quinolones poses a threat to effective treatment, and the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance remain inadequately understood in Thailand. This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin; identify mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of and ; and detect () genes in isolates from Thai ducks.

Natural Inhibitors Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Main Protease From Three Vietnamese Bryophytes.

Erythrodontium julaceum, Marchantia polymorpha, and Plagiochila bantamensis are widely distributed bryophytes in Vietnam. However, comprehensive chemical and biological data on their composition remain limited. Bio-guided isolation based on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) M inhibition was applied to these species, resulting in the identification of 23 metabolites.

Impaired oxygen consumption kinetics and autonomic dysfunction contribute to increased fatigue in obese young males during sustained exercise.

Obesity is associated with reduced exercise tolerance, yet the physiological mechanisms underlying this impairment remain unclear. This study examined whether oxygen uptake (V̇O) kinetics reflect autonomic regulation during prolonged moderate-intensity exercise in normal-weight and obese males. This cross-sectional study included nine normal-weight and nine obese males (aged 20-22) who performed 30 min of constant-load cycling at 70% of ventilatory threshold to assess V̇O kinetics and heart rate variability (HRV) responses.

Effects of anti-gonadotropin-releasing factor vaccination and administration age on the meat characteristics of pork loins from finishing gilts.

This pilot study evaluated the effects of anti-gonadotropin-releasing factor (anti-GnRF) vaccination and administration age on gilts (female pigs), with a specific focus on meat characteristics, including nutritional composition, meat quality, and the muscle histology of pork loins. A total of 66 Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) gilts were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: (1) intact gilts; (2) immunized gilts receiving a typical vaccination at 12 and 16 weeks of age; and (3) immunized gilts receiving early vaccination at 9 and 13 weeks of age, which is the earliest schedule recommended by the manufacturer. The pigs were slaughtered at the market age of 24 weeks, with meat samples collected from all of the groups for analysis, including meat samples from intact gilts (MIG), meat from gilts vaccinated at 12 and 16 weeks (MV12/16), and meat from gilts vaccinated at 9 and 13 weeks (MV9/13).

Enhancing functional properties and analysis of sugar and metabolite composition of juice through fermentation.

fermentation has been shown to provide significant health benefits and safety advantages. This study investigated the impact of fermentation on the physicochemical characteristics, metabolic profiles, and sensory properties of juice (HMJ). fermentation enhanced the physicochemical profile of HMJ by improving bioactive components and increasing the antioxidant activity.

Monitoring the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda populations from Thailand.

Spodoptera frugiperda is a major crop pest that invaded Thailand in 2018 which cause significant damage, particularly to maize. In recent years, a loss of efficacy of certain insecticides has been observed, suggesting the emergence of resistance. The aim of our study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of resistance in S.

Bioactive hydroxyapatite-sodium silicate waterglass reinforced with nanocollagen from Chitala ornata fish skin for bone engineering.

A prototype bioactive calcium phosphate model-specifically hydroxyapatite (HA) derived from eggshells-was developed using a sodium silicate (NaSiO) solution as an inorganic binder, precursor, and reinforcing agent, in combination with collagen nanofibers for bone engineering applications. The sodium silicate solution, functioning as a waterglass adhesive, introduced cohesive forces within the hydroxyapatite matrix, thereby enhancing its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Eggshell-derived bioactive hydroxyapatite offers several advantages, including non-toxicity, biocompatibility, collagen adhesion, and the ability to mimic bone structure, making it suitable for tissue engineering.

Anatomical Study and Classification of Foramina of the Squamous Part of the Temporal Bone.

The postglenoid foramen (PGF) is a rarely reported anatomical variant of the temporal bone, with limited data on its morphology, prevalence, and clinical relevance, particularly in non-European populations. This study aimed to investigate the anatomy and frequency of foramina located on the squamous part of the temporal bone, including the PGF, and to propose a classification system based on their anatomical positions. A total of 117 human skulls (234 sides), including both dried and Thiel-embalmed specimens, were examined through gross observation, cadaveric dissection, and computed tomography (CT) in selected cases.

Insight into the genetics of a novel white-striped leaf in rice.

Introduction: Rice is mainly consumed by half of the world's population. The imminent climate change and population growth expected in the next 30 years will outpace the current rice production capacity, posing risks to food and nutrition security in developing nations. One simplified approach to address this challenge is to improve photosynthetic capacity by increasing chlorophyll content in leaves and stems.

Morphological and Molecular Identification of Fungus-growing Termites (Isoptera, Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) in Thailand.

Fungus-growing termites (FGTs) play ecologically important roles as both decomposers and producers of termite mushrooms. However, they are difficult to research due to a lack of an updated identification key and the inability to locate type specimens. Molecular identification may be helpful, but this requires database information that is lacking for many species found in Thailand.

Systematic optimization of histidine-tagged enhanced green fluorescent protein (His-EGFP) purification using packed bed immobilized metal affinity chromatography: A multistage design of experiments approach.

A systematic purification process for His-tagged enhanced green fluorescent protein (His-EGFP) from recombinant E. coli was developed using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) in a packed bed format. Large-scale fermentation was conducted in a 5 L bioreactor, followed by cell harvesting and sonication-based disruption at 20 kHz and 4 °C.

Case Report: Preputial reconstruction in a dog using bilateral caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flap and internal lamina of prepuce.

A 3.1 kg, 5-year-old male pomeranian presented with a tumor measuring 4.5 × 3 cm on the cranioventral aspect of the prepuce.

Stable microclimates and autonomic modulation in horses housed in different stable architectures during monsoon in a tropical environment.

Background: The impact of climate conditions and stable design on horses housed in individual stalls plays a significant role in their well-being, especially in tropical climates. Limited information exists regarding their conditions during the monsoon season.

Objective: This study focused on the stable microclimate and autonomic regulation of horses kept in different stable architectures during the monsoon in a tropical setting.

QTL-seq identifies NAL1 and OsOFP19 as additive regulators of tiller number in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Background: Tiller number is a critical component of rice yield, as it directly influences overall productivity. While upland rice varieties are well adapted to lowland environments and prove resilient to fluctuating water availability, their typically low tillering capacity limits their performance in lowland ecosystems where conditions are more conducive to achieving higher yields.

Results: To facilitate the marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding of upland rice cultivars suitable for lowland conditions, we performed QTL-seq analysis using populations derived from a cross between a high-tillering lowland indica parent (PTT1) and a low-tillering upland tropical japonica line (NDCMP49).

Improvement of protein quality and reduction of anti-nutritional factors in soybean meal by solid-state fermentation with MH03.

This study investigated the optimal conditions for enhancing protein quality and reducing anti-nutritional factors in soybean meal (SBM) through solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Among 78 isolates, strain MH03 exhibited the highest extracellular enzyme production and efficacy in enhancing SBM quality. Under optimized SSF conditions of 5 kg SBM, 5 cm thickness and 50 % initial moisture for 72 h, strain MH03 increased soluble protein from 3.31±0.

Exploring omics strategies for drug discovery from isolated from the marine ecosystem.

Marine are prolific producers of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites, making them vital for drug discovery. Traditional cultivation and bioassay-guided isolation techniques often lead to the rediscovery of the same compounds, revealing the limitations of these traditional approaches and emphasizing the need for more advanced methods. The emergence of omics technologies such as genomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics has dramatically enhanced the ability to investigate microorganisms by providing detailed insights into their biosynthetic gene clusters, metabolic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms.

A taxonomic revision of Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) in Thailand.

Garcinia section Discostigma (Clusiaceae) is revised for Thailand with four species: , , , and . Morphological descriptions, illustrations, and an identification key to the species are provided, along with notes on distributions, habitats and ecology, phenology, preliminary conservation assessments, etymology, vernacular names, uses, and specimens examined. Two taxa, and , are newly synonymised under .

Sequential Extraction and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides Fraction from Mung Bean Meal Byproduct.

Mung bean meal (MBM) is a byproduct of vermicelli production that is usually discarded as waste but has been shown to be a valuable source of functional food ingredients. This study focused on extracting polysaccharides from MBM, analyzing the structures of the two fractions, and assessing their biological activities . Crude polysaccharides were sequentially extracted and partially purified from mung bean powder using hot water, alkaline solution, amylase hydrolysis, and three-phase partitioning (TPP) to obtain a water-extracted polysaccharide (MBM-P1) and an alkaline-extracted polysaccharide (MBM-P2).

Storage stability of purple glutinous rice: Kinetic modeling of Penicillium citrinum growth and citrinin production under variable temperature and water activity.

The objective of this study was to determine the kinetics of growth and citrinin production by Penicillium citrinum RC582 in purple glutinous rice grains ('Leum Pua' glutinous rice). A full factorial design was applied, examining four water activity (aw) levels (0.80, 0.

Standard compared with fracture-specific components in reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures : a meta-analysis of clinical outcomes.

Aims: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is a well-established treatment for proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients. However, the clinical advantages of standard humeral components compared to fracture-specific components remain unclear. This meta-analysis compares the clinical outcomes and complication rates of standard compared with fracture-specific components in RSA.

Oral Supplementation of Thwaites Improves Sperm Cryotolerance Without Markedly Affecting Hematological, Biochemical, Seminal, or Testicular Profiles in Dogs.

Thwaites (LST) has emerged as a potential supplement for enhancing male reproductive performance. This study evaluated the effects of long-term oral supplementation with LST on hematological parameters, semen characteristics, ultrasonographic measurements of the prostate gland and testes, and the cryopreservation potential of canine sperm. Six healthy male dogs received oral LST supplementation at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight once daily for 7 days (short-term).

Characterizing the symbiotic relationship between Wolbachia (wSpic) and Spodoptera picta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): From genome to phenotype.

Wolbachia is a genus of symbiotic bacteria prevalent in arthropods, with diverse effects on host reproduction and fecundity; however, it is unclear how Wolbachia modulates the host reproductive system. In this study, a novel Wolbachia strain, wSpic, was identified in the Noctuid moth Spodoptera picta and its effect on the reproduction of this host was investigated. We sequenced and annotated the 1,339,720 bp genome of wSpic.

The Endosperm-Specific Gene Regulates Seed Vigor and Grain Quality.

Seed vigor critically determines sowing performance, while grain quality fundamentally influences commercial value. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms governing these traits is critical for enhancing both seed vigor and grain quality in rice cultivation. Here, we demonstrate that the endosperm-specific gene is highly expressed in germinating seeds and developing seeds at the early filling stage.

Optimization of 4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl Liquid Crystal Dispersed with Photopolymer: Application Towards Smart Windows and Aerospace Technology.

The present reported work deals with the preparation of an energy-efficient smart window based on liquid crystal (LC) using a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) technique. The smart window was prepared using an LC-polymer composite by mixing photopolymer NOA-71 into nematic liquid crystal (NLC) 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB). The liquid crystal cell was prepared, the LC-polymer composite was filled inside the cell, and voltage was applied after the exposure of ultraviolet (UV) light.