Remote sensing and image analysis of macro-plastic litter: A review.

Effective reduction of oceanic plastic pollution requires scalable and objective monitoring methods that go beyond traditional human-based surveys. This review synthesizes recent advances in remote sensing and AI-driven image analysis for detecting macro-plastic litter. Peer-reviewed studies published up to 2024 were systematically selected from the Scopus database, focusing on applications of remote sensing platforms including webcams, drones, balloons, aircraft, and satellites for monitoring plastic litter in coastal, riverine, and other aquatic environments.

Quantification of fluvoxamine, desmethyl fluvoxamine and fluvoxamine acid by LC-MS/MS in body fluids and solid tissues obtained from a deceased using the standard addition method.

Reports on the quantification of fluvoxamine (FLV) in human tissues have been quite limited, although FLV has been used as an antidepressant since 1986. Fluvoxamine acid (FLA) was shown to be the major metabolite of FLV in human urine in 1983, but its quantification is also limited to only three works using human plasma. The existence of desmethyl fluvoxamine (FLD) in human specimens was recently reported in 2025; therefore, its quantification has not yet been performed.

Silica-coating-mediated depassivation of nanosized zero-valent iron by Fe(II) at circumneutral pH.

Surface passivation of materials based on nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI) limits the reductive reactivities of such materials at near-neutral pH. To overcome this, a reactivation strategy was developed involving adding aqueous Fe(II) to a silica-coated nZVI (nZVI@SiO) system, which markedly increased the nitrobenzene reduction efficiency. The Fe(0) core in nZVI@SiO acted as the main reductant, and Fe(II) sorbed to the SiO coating acted as a reactivating agent that facilitated electron conduction mainly through the 'chemi-conductor' mechanism.

The influence of metastasis on clinical outcomes in patients with cancer-associated isolated distal deep vein thrombosis: A pre-specified subgroup analysis from the ONCO DVT study.

Background: The risk-benefit balance of extended anticoagulation in patients with metastatic cancer remains unclear.

Objectives: This prespecified subgroup analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 12-and 3-month edoxaban treatment in patients with cancer-associated isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) based on cancer metastasis.

Methods: The ONCO DVT study, a randomized clinical trial, included 601 patients with cancer-associated isolated distal DVT, divided into metastasis (N = 147) and no metastasis subgroups (N = 454).

Quantitative analysis of coproporphyrin and its precursors as endogenous biomarkers for drug-drug interactions involving OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 in monkeys.

Coproporphyrin (CP)-I has emerged as a promising endogenous biomarker for investigating organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1/1B3-mediated drug-drug interactions. The precursor eliminated analytical (PEA) method selectively quantifies the endogenous CP-I that should be monitored, whereas the precursor oxidized analytical method quantifies the total CP-I concentration by converting all precursors into CP-I during the sample preparation process. Plasma concentrations of CP-I exhibited a greater magnitude of change in response to rifampicin treatment compared with its precursor in a previous monkey study.

Risk factors for angiographic vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia subsequent to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A multicenter, registry study.

Objective: Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Symptoms of DCI can be categorized as temporary or permanent; however, the relationship between DCI and angiographic vasospasm (AVS) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between DCI and AVS and to identify the factors associated with DCI in patients with aSAH.

Valproic acid-based self-assembling nanoparticle prodrugs prevent skeletal muscle loss in cancer cachexia.

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by persistent skeletal muscle loss, affecting 80 % of patients with advanced cancer and accounting for 20 % of cancer-related deaths. Despite its prevalence, effective treatment options remain limited due to the side effects and poor pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of existing therapeutics, including valproic acid (VPA). To overcome these limitations, we developed self-assembling VPA-based nanoparticle prodrugs (abbreviated as Nano), consisting of amphiphilic block copolymers, in which VPA is covalently conjugated via ester linkages.

Visual analysis of subarachnoid hemorrhage research hotspots based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer: A retrospective study.

Objective: To analyze the hotspots and frontiers in the field of subarachnoid hemorrhage using the bibliometrics method and providing references for academic research.

Methods: All published studies related to subarachnoid hemorrhage published in the Web of Science core database from 1 January 2016 to 25 September 2021 were retrospectively identified using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software. Visualization VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used to perform statistical and cluster analyses on authors, countries, institutions, keywords, and co-cited documents.

Hamiltonian Grid-Based QM/MM Method with Mean-Field Embedding for Simulating Arbitrary Slab Geometries.

The quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method is a powerful approach for investigating solid surfaces in contact with various types of media, since it allows for flexible modeling of complex interfaces while maintaining an all-atom representation. The mean-field QM/MM method is an average reaction field model within the QM/MM framework. The method addresses the challenges associated with the statistical sampling of interfacial atomic configurations of a medium and enables efficient calculation of free energies.

Catalytic Asymmetric (-)-Carbonyl-Ene Type Cyclizations.

The carbonyl-ene reaction between aldehydes and olefins constitutes a perfectly atom economic approach to homoallylic alcohols with concomitant C-C bond formation. However, the scope of catalytic asymmetric intermolecular versions is currently limited to activated substrates, while of the two intramolecular types only catalytic asymmetric (-)-carbonyl-ene type cyclizations can be considered mature. The corresponding (-)-cyclizations would arguably find equal utility in chemical synthesis but remain underdeveloped.

EVOLVING TRENDS AND EMERGING THEMES IN GUT MICROBIOTA RESEARCH: A COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS (2015-2024).

Background: This study aims to analyze research trends and emerging insights into gut microbiota studies from 2015 to 2024 through bibliometric analysis techniques. By examining bibliographic data from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, it seeks to identify key research topics, evolving themes, and significant shifts in gut microbiota research. The study employs co-occurrence analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and burst detection analysis to uncover latent patterns and the development trajectory of this rapidly expanding field.

Dietary nitrate supplementation suppresses sympathetic neural responses to mechanoreflex activation during static handgrip exercise in postmenopausal women.

We investigated the impact of short-term dietary nitrate supplementation on sympathetic neural responses to isometric exercise in postmenopausal women. Ten healthy women aged 64±2 (SD) years participated in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. All participants underwent two-week beetroot juice (BRJ: 800 mg nitrate/day) and placebo (nitrate-depleted BRJ) interventions with ≥14 days of wash-out.

Probing the Quantum Capacitance of Rydberg Transitions of Surface Electrons on Liquid Helium via Microwave Frequency Modulation.

We present a method for probing the quantum capacitance associated with the Rydberg transition of surface electrons on liquid helium using radio-frequency (rf) reflectometry. Resonant microwave excitation of the Rydberg transition induces a redistribution of image charges on capacitively coupled electrodes, giving rise to a quantum capacitance originating from adiabatic state transitions and the finite curvature of the energy bands. By applying frequency-modulated resonant microwaves to drive the Rydberg transition, we systematically measured a capacitance sensitivity of 0.

Space-Time Optical Hopfion Crystals.

Hopfions-higher-dimensional topological quasiparticles with sophisticated 3D knotted spin textures discovered in condensed matter and photonic systems-show promise in high-density data storage and transfer. Here, we present crystalline structures of hopfions lying in space-time constructed by spatiotemporally structured light. Practical methodologies using bichromatic structured light beams or dipole arrays to assemble 1D and higher dimensional hopfion lattices are proposed, and a technique for tailoring topological orders is elucidated.

Spontaneous Lattice Distortion in the Spin-Triplet Superconductor Cu_{x}Bi_{2}Se_{3}.

The doped topological insulator Cu_{x}Bi_{2}Se_{3} has attracted considerable attention as a new platform for studying novel properties of spin-triplet and topological superconductivity. In this work, we performed synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements on Cu_{x}Bi_{2}Se_{3} (0.24≤x≤0.

Effects of sex and heating rate on skin blood flow oscillations during local heating in young adults.

to explore sex and heating rate effects on frequency-domain indicators of the mechanisms modulating cutaneous vasodilation during local heating. In thirty young adults (21±3 years, 15 females), wavelet analysis of skin blood flux was assessed from laser-Doppler flux signals at the chest, abdomen, arm, forearm, thigh, and calf during rapid (33-42°C; 1°C·20 s) and gradual (33-42°C; 1°C·5 min) local skin heating. A wavelet transform using a Morlet mother wavelet was computed over the entire signal for each heating protocol (minimum 90 minutes) and 5-min time windows were subsequently isolated to determine responses during baseline and the 42°C heating plateau.

Charge-Transfer Complex κ-(BEST)Cu(CN) Analogous to Organic Spin Liquid Candidate.

We report the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of the organic conductor κ-(BEST)Cu(CN) (BEST: bis(ethylenediseleno)-tetrathiafulvalene; abbreviated as κ-BEST-CN), which is isostructural with the quantum spin liquid candidate κ-(ET)Cu(CN) (ET: bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene; abbreviated as κ-ET-CN). Resistivity measurements demonstrate that κ-BEST-CN exhibits semiconducting behavior, governed by the same conducting mechanism as κ-ET-CN. Under a pressure of ∼0.

Seafloor geodesy unveils seismogenesis of large subduction earthquakes in Mexico.

Based on measurements of near-trench deformations of the oceanic and overriding plates, in this investigation, we elucidate the tectonic and mechanical processes leading to the 7.0 (moment magnitude of 7.0) Acapulco, Mexico, earthquake in 2021.

Universal Effective Charges in the sd and fp Shells.

The 247-keV state in ^{54}Sc, populated in the β decay of ^{54}Ca, is reported here as a nanosecond isomer with a half-life of 26.0(22) ns. The state is interpreted as the 1^{+} member of the πf_{7/2}⊗νf_{5/2} spin-coupled multiplet, which decays to the 3^{+},πf_{7/2}⊗νp_{1/2} ground state.

Nonlinear Transverse Conductivity in Antiferroic Types of Magnetic Toroidal Metal.

We have performed careful measurements of nonlinear transverse conductivity (NLTC) at zero field in the intermetallic compound HoAgGe with two distinct magnetic toroidal (MT) structures. Below 7 K (MT1 phase), the NLTC signal becomes observable and significantly increases with decreasing temperature, whereas between 7 and 11.6 K (MT2 phase), it remains nearly zero.

Anderson Delocalization in Strongly Coupled Disordered Non-Hermitian Chains.

Disorder and non-Hermitian effects together can upend how waves localize. In a 1D disordered chain, the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) can induce Anderson delocalization, defying the usual rule that disorder in low dimensions always localizes states. While weak disorder leaves the NHSE intact, strong disorder restores Anderson localization.

Local Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions Driving Quasi-2D Magnetism in a Centrosymmetric Nanoskyrmion Material.

The unabating discovery of nanoskyrmions in centrosymmetric magnets challenges the conventional Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) skyrmion stabilization mechanism. We investigate Gd_{2}PdSi_{3} using polarized resonant x-ray scattering and find that the low-field incommensurate modulations are elliptical helices, evolving into spin-density waves at higher fields. Quasi-2D magnetism arises via local DM interactions generated by inversion symmetry breaking around Gd-Gd bonds, which we characterize using atomistic simulations.

Elastic Turbulence Hides in the Small Scales of Inertial Polymeric Turbulence.

Gaining a fundamental understanding of turbulent flows of dilute polymer solutions has been a challenging and outstanding problem for a long time. In this Letter, we examine homogeneous, isotropic polymeric turbulence at large Reynolds and Deborah numbers through direct numerical simulations. While at the largest scales at which the flow inertial turbulence exists, we find that the flow is fundamentally altered from Newtonian turbulence below the Kolmogorov scale.

Onset of Constituent Quark Number Scaling in Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC.

Partonic collectivity is one of the necessary signatures for the formation of quark-gluon plasma in high-energy nuclear collisions. Number of constituent quarks (NCQ) scaling has been observed for hadron elliptic flow v_{2} in top energy nuclear collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the LHC, and this has been theoretically suggested as strong evidence for partonic collectivity. In this Letter, a systematic analysis of v_{2} of π^{±}, K^{±}, K_{S}^{0}, p, and Λ in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.

Separating Terahertz Spin and Charge Contributions from Ultrathin Antiferromagnetic Heterostructures.

Femtosecond laser excitation of nanometer thin heterostructures comprising a heavy metal and a magnetically ordered material is known to result in the emission of terahertz radiation. However, the nature of the emitted radiation from heavy metal/antiferromagnet heterostructures has sparked debates and controversies in the literature. Here, we unambiguously separate spin and charge contributions from Pt/NiO heterostructures by introducing an unprecedented methodology combining high external magnetic fields with a symmetry analysis of the emitted terahertz polarization.