Multiple Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantations in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Prognostic Significance of Remission and Severe Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome.

Background: Relapsed or refractory cases of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have poor outcomes despite advancements in chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). While a second HSCT is often a salvage option, its outcomes vary widely, and prognostic factors remain unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate outcomes and identify prognostic factors in pediatric patients with AML who underwent multiple HSCTs.

DHX37 variants in patients with 46,XY disorders or differences of sex development.

Here, using whole-exome sequencing of a cohort of 17 Japanese patients with 46,XY disorders or differences of sex development, we identified two pathogenic DEAH-box helicase 37 (DHX37) variants in three patients. We also identified a patient with a likely pathogenic variant in SOX9 and a rare likely benign variant in DHX37. This Data Report highlights the genetic and phenotypic diversity of DXH37 variants.

Innovative Robotic Liver Resection with Extended Reality for Both Navigation and Medical Education by Three Separate Surgeons.

Background: Although magnification is an advantage of robotic liver resection (RLR) as it enables precise surgery, the direction of parenchymal dissection, the vascular anatomy, and the tumor location can sometimes be lost. Extended reality (XR) has advantages over other navigation systems in terms of spatial awareness, sharing, and simplicity, and it also has the potential to overcome some of the limitations of RLR. METHODS: In this video, we demonstrate innovative RLR with XR by three separate surgeons.

Turn-on type fluorescent photochromism of a diarylmaleimide-S,S,S',S'-tetraoxide.

In recent years, fluorescence-switchable molecules have garnered significant attention as fluorescent dyes for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, which is increasingly demanded in the field of biochemical imaging. Among such molecules, diarylethene-S,S,S',S'-tetraoxide derivatives have proven particularly promising due to their ability to achieve high contrast fluorescence switching. Diarylethenes incorporating perfluorocyclopentene as the ethene bridge have become the standard scaffold due to their excellent fatigue resistance and thermal stability.

Chronic pain and decline in activities of daily living among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.

Purpose: To investigate the longitudinal association between chronic pain and decline in activity of daily living (ADL) among community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 years.

Methods: In this systematic review of prospective longitudinal studies with narrative synthesis, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Embase using free-text words and MeSH terms on February 3, 2025. Longitudinal studies that quantitatively assessed ADL at two or more time points and pain at least once were included.

Right ventricular myocardial blood flow estimated by 13N-ammonia positron emission tomography in patients with coronary artery disease.

Background: Because the myocardium thickness and blood flow of the right ventricular (RV) are lower than those of the left ventricle, it is challenging to perceive the RV myocardium in normal individuals. This study aimed to measure the myocardial perfusion in the RV (myocardial blood flow [MBF], myocardial flow reserve [MFR]) from 13N-ammonia PET images and investigate the associations between the MBF and MFR in patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) in the right coronary artery (RCA) region. A total 121 MBF and MFR were retrospectively measured from PET images by referring to the radioactivity and clinical blood flow values of the left ventricle.

ADAM9 Promotes Glycolysis in Th17 Cells and Autoimmunity Through Activation of IGF-1 Signaling.

Objective: Interleukin-17-producing CD4 Th17 cells contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including crescentic glomerulonephritis. Although ADAM9 has been reported to contribute to organ inflammation, the mechanism remains poorly understood. The goal of the current study was to investigate how ADAM9 alters T cell metabolism to promote the generation of Th17 cell differentiation.

Mechanism for reactivation of inactivated holoenzymes of coenzyme B-dependent ethanolamine ammonia-lyase by the reactivating chaperone EutA.

Adenosylcobalamin-dependent ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (EAL) undergoes irreversible inactivation when incubated in the absence of substrate or in the presence of certain substrates or pseudosubstrates. We have previously identified Escherichia coli EutA as an EAL-reactivase (or reactivating factor). Herein, untagged and tagged EutAs were purified to homogeneity.

Prevalence and related factors of early-phase diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in a community-dwelling population - A cross-sectional observational study.

Background: The concept of early-phase diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (EDISH) was recently introduced and its prevalence at the thoracic spine level was revealed. Some cases of EDISH progress to diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in association with being overweight. The prevalence and distribution of EDISH in the whole spine and related factors are unclear.

[Relationship between Dysphagia and Daytime Sleepiness among Japanese Workers].

Objective: In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT10) score, a screening index for dysphagia, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score, which evaluates daytime sleepiness in Japanese workers.

Method: A cross-sectional study of 496 workers (454 men and 42 women) at two business locations in Japan was conducted from November 2021 to June 2022. Dysphagia was assessed using the score of EAT10, a self-administered questionnaire.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 and type 2 co-infection in a Japanese swine herd.

The status of co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 (PRRSV-1) and type 2 (PRRSV-2) in Japan is poorly understood. A case of such co-infection was identified on a PRRSV-1 non-vaccinated farm in Kagoshima prefecture. Both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 genomes were simultaneously detected in pig samples by RT-PCR, and molecular analysis confirmed PRRSV-1/PRRSV-2 co-infection in individual piglets.

Preliminary Safety Study of a Single-dose Perampanel Drip Infusion in Brain Tumor Patients to Prevent Early Postoperative Seizures: The poSTOP Seizure-1 SF Study.

Early postoperative seizures, defined as occurring within 7 days after surgery, are a significant complication that occurs following neurosurgical procedures involving cerebral manipulation. As a result, short-term antiseizure medication is typically administered in Japan despite the lack of consensus regarding its prophylactic use. Perampanel hydrate, an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist, was recently introduced in an intravenous formulation in Japan, providing new potential for early postoperative seizures prevention during the perioperative period.

Exoscopic Keyhole Clipping of Unruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms Using Multiple 4K 3-dimensional Monitors.

We aimed to report our experience with exoscopic keyhole clipping of unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms using multiple 4K 3-dimensional monitors.We performed sphenoid ridge keyhole clipping of unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms using the ORBEYE exoscope (Sony Olympus Medical Solutions, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) with multiple 4K 3-dimensional monitors in 19 patients in our institution from 2020 to 2023.

Genetic Code Expansion-Driven in Situ Click Labeling Enables Rapid Imaging-Based Selection of Functional Nanobody-Dye Conjugates.

Antigen-binding proteins, such as nanobodies, modified with functional small molecules hold great potential for applications including imaging probes, drug conjugates, and localized catalysts. However, traditional chemical labeling methods that randomly target lysine or cysteine residues often produce heterogeneous conjugates with limited reproducibility. Conventional site-specific conjugation approaches, which typically modify only the N- or C-terminus, may also be insufficient to achieve the desired functionalities.

Chemical properties and biological activities of three highly purified major tetrodotoxin analogues.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX), the pufferfish toxin, has the potential to cause fatal food poisoning because of its potent voltage-gated sodium channel (Na) blocking activity. 4-epiTTX, 11-norTTX-6(S)-ol, and 11-oxoTTX are the major TTX analogues found in marine animals; thus, their chemical properties and biological activities should be determined. In this study, these three TTX analogues were purified to a high level (purity >97%) from pufferfish and newts.

Characteristics of Calcined Sugarcane Bagasse and Its Ability to Adsorb Cadmium from Aqueous Solutions.

This study evaluated the cadmium (Cd) adsorption characteristics of sugarcane bagasse (BG) calcined at different temperatures (200-1000°C). The point of zero charge (pH) of the BGs ranged from 4.3 to 6.

[A study on the competencies of public health doctors responding to international and domestic public health administration: Insights from interviews].

Objectives　Japan has accumulated experience in international health, and low- and middle-income countries need to develop, implement, and evaluate health and sanitation policies that effectively use scarce resources. Therefore, the knowledge gained from international health experiences can be applied to the public health administration in Japan. The purpose of this study was to clarify the competencies and knowledge possessed by those with international health experience and their acquisition process, and to examine how they are applied to public health administration in Japan.

[Challenges and organizational factors perceived by management-level public health nurses in developing the practical competencies of their novice peers in Japan].

Objective　Enhancing the practical competencies of novice public health nurses is urgently needed, and the identification of organizational factors that management-level public health nurses can improve is crucial for effective human resource development within organizations. This study aimed to explore the challenges and organizational factors perceived by management-level public health nurses when developing 10 types of practical competencies for their novice peers.Methods　A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted via postal mail or the Internet in November 2023, targeting five senior management-level public health nurses in each of the 210 municipalities across seven prefectures in the Tokai-Hokuriku region of Japan.