Association of intraoperative end-tidal CO levels with postoperative outcomes: a patient-level analysis of two randomised clinical trials.

Background: The relationship between intraoperative end-tidal CO (etCO) levels and postoperative outcomes remains unclear. We conducted a post hoc analysis of two randomised trials in adults undergoing major surgery under general anaesthesia.

Methods: We re-analysed individual participant data comparing high or low positive end-expiratory pressure with low tidal volume intraoperative ventilation using a merged database derived from two randomised trials in non-obese (PROVHILO: ISRCTN70332574) and obese (PROBESE: NCT02148692) patients.

Complex cervicocephalic artery dissections with wide intimal inlet: determinants and implications for endovascular recanalization.

Background And Purpose: Cervicocephalic artery dissection (CCAD) is a well-recognized cause of ischemic stroke. However, complex forms of CCAD, characterized by a wide intimal inlet without a visible intramural hematoma, pose diagnostic challenges and complicate endovascular access to the true lumen when recanalization is required. We aimed to analyze the clinical presentation, outcomes, and feasibility of endovascular treatment of complex CCAD and to propose a novel morphological classification.

Mouse intestine as a useful model for CFTR electrophysiology function analysis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder primarily known for its severe impact on lung function, but it also significantly affects the digestive system, leading to complications such as intestinal blockages, malabsorption, inflammation, and microbial dysbiosis. The study of CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) effects on intestinal physiology is critical for developing new effective treatments. This work highlights the use of the mouse intestine as a valuable model for analyzing cellular electrophysiology and CFTR function.

Orthotopic model of tongue cancer for the study of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in mice.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the most prevalent human malignancies globally, with approximately 887,000 new cases diagnosed each year. Currently, the standard treatment for HNSCC involves surgery, followed by radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, despite these available treatments, the survival rate of patients with HNSCC remains low.

Safety climate, safety behaviors, and workplace accidents: What are the mechanisms? A multi-level lagged study.

Introduction: Occupational safety is managed by multiple stakeholders at different levels within organizations. Leveraging theory and insights from previous occupational health and safety research, this study formulated and tested hypotheses concerning the interplay between safety climates generated by a team's supervisor and coworkers, workers' individual psychological processes (i.e.

Moderate Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: Evolving Evidence and Management Strategies.

Secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) is common in patients with heart failure (HF). Although randomized clinical trials have been focused on the treatment of severe SMR, the prognostic role and potential for treatment of moderate SMR cannot be overlooked. The randomized RESHAPE-HF2 trial included patients with moderate and severe SMR with consistent findings in both groups, raising the hypothesis that transcatheter correction of moderate SMR could have beneficial effects, although this needs further investigation.

Effect of ECMO Flow Variations on Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock.

Background: The hemodynamic effects of femoro-femoral venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) remain poorly defined. High ECMO flow is believed to increase PCWP and the risk of pulmonary edema; yet, supporting in vivo physiological data are lacking.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of incremental femoro-femoral VA-ECMO flow variations on PCWP, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic parameters in patients with cardiogenic shock during the early phase of VA-ECMO support, after stabilization.

Distal Radial Access for Radial Artery Recanalization: Multicenter Outcomes and Stepwise Strategies to Maximize Patency.

Background: Radial artery occlusion complicates transradial access, limiting future access and precluding bypass grafting and dialysis. Distal radial access offers a promising solution by allowing retrograde recanalization of occluded radial arteries.

Objectives: The authors sought to evaluate multicenter outcomes of radial artery recanalization though distal radial access (DRA), focusing on its safety, efficacy, and reproducibility, while identifying procedural strategies to optimize patency.

Are we closing the gender gap in academic oncology? An observational study of gender disparities in participant engagement at the ASCO 2024 annual meeting.

Objective: Despite global efforts, gender disparities in oncology may persist. Understanding these disparities within the context of major conferences can inform strategies to promote gender inclusiveness in the field. This study evaluates the participation of women and men at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2024 congress, focusing on chairs, speakers and audience questioners.

What you listen to makes a difference: The impact of music on attention and well-being.

Sounds constantly surround us, serving as sensory cues that help humans interpret the world and navigate the flood of stimuli they encounter. Research has shown that sounds and music can influence attentional performance; however, evidence on whether auditory stimuli can improve attention is limited. This study employed the attention network test to investigate how four types of sound-slow beat music, brown noise, fast beat music, and no sound-modulate visual attention.

THE IMPACT OF NOACS VS. VKAS ON ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE COGNITIVE FUNCTION DECLINE OVER TIME: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in adults, with incidence increasing with age. Cognitive impairment (CoI) and dementia share risk factors with AF. Meta-analyses indicate that AF increases the risk of CoI by 2.

A FLOATING ENDOMETRIAL ORGANOID MODEL RECAPITULATES EPITHELIAL-STROMAL CELL INTERACTIONS IN VITRO.

Organoids are 3D structures in which stem, progenitor and differentiated cells spontaneously assemble into structures resembling the original tissue. Endometrial organoids, developed from tissue fragments, are genetically stable and responsive to hormone stimulation acquiring a hallow lumen, secretory activity and apico-basal polarity. However, they show some limitations in mimicking the midluteal endometrium since they lack endothelial, immune, and stromal cells, thus providing limited information about epithelial-stromal interactions.

Excitatory cortical neurons from CDKL5 deficiency disorder patient-derived organoids show early hyperexcitability not identified in neurogenin2 induced neurons.

CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare developmental and epileptic encephalopathy resulting from variants in cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) that lead to impaired kinase activity or loss of function. CDD is one of the most common genetic etiologies identified in epilepsy cohorts. To study how CDKL5 variants impact human neuronal activity, gene expression and morphology, CDD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and their isogenic controls were differentiated into excitatory neurons using either an NGN2 induction protocol or a guided cortical organoid differentiation.

Defective mitochondrial quality control in the ageing of skeletal muscle.

Age-related skeletal muscle decline is a major contributor to frailty, functional impairment, and loss of independence in advanced age. This process is characterized by selective atrophy of type II fibers, impaired excitation-contraction coupling, and reduced regenerative capacity. Emerging evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction as a central mechanism in the disruption of muscle homeostasis with age.

Growth performance, lipid metabolism, gut histoarchitecture and immune and antioxidant related gene expression in juvenile Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer fed peroxidized lipids with or without dietary selenium nanoparticles.

This study evaluated the effects of dietary recovered frying soybean oil (RFSBO) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on growth performance, hepatic metabolism, intestinal morphology, and the expression of antioxidant, immune, and growth-related genes in juvenile Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer, 41.5 ± 0.1 g) reared under high temperature (32-33 °C) and high salinity (38-40 ppt).

International Multicentre Study on the Treatment of Infrarenal Penetrating Aortic Ulcers.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate treatment indications, compare therapeutic approaches, and assess outcomes in patients with infrarenal penetrating aortic ulcers (iPAUs).

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicentre, observational study of patients with iPAUs treated between January 2018 and December 2022 across 12 European centres. Treatment strategies included open surgical repair (OSR) and endovascular techniques, including balloon expandable stent grafts (BESGs), covered endovascular reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation (CERAB), and endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) using bifurcated or tube grafts.

Oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart valve prosthesis: a substudy from the LAAOS III Trial.

Objective: Societal guidelines recommend vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for atrial fibrillation patients with recent biological valve implantation, but the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in this setting remain uncertain, especially in the early postoperative period. This substudy of the Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study (LAAOS) III trial aimed to compare thromboembolic and bleeding outcomes in patients discharged on VKAs versus DOACs after bioprosthesis implantation or mitral valve repair.

Methods: A total of 2,645 patients were included, with 461 discharged on DOACs and 2184 on VKAs.

The role of the insula in the Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: a scoping review.

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TC) is a transient cardiomyopathy secondary to emotional and/or physical stress. While its precise aetiology remains unclear, some evidence suggests a possible role for the insular cortex (IC), which modulates cardiovascular responses to stress. The IC is a key viscerosensory and visceromotor hub with widespread connections, and is implicated in interoceptive processing, emotional regulation, and autonomic control.

Effect of 3-hydroxisobutyrate in vivo administration on cardiometabolic disease in ApoE-/- mouse model.

The valine catabolite 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB) is suggested to mediate the uptake of extracellular fatty acids into the cells, thus regulating intracellular lipid metabolism, although the direct mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the effects of long-term 3-HIB treatment on the development and progression of complex atherosclerotic lesions, lipid metabolism and liver injury in vivo in ApoE-/- mouse model fed Western Diet (WD). Results show that 3-HIB treatment is associated with a significant reduction in weight and serum lipid content, reduced aortic mean plaque area and improvement of liver functions.