An ultrasensitive electrode modified with a molecularly imprinted PEDOT-TiO nanocomposite for voltammetric atrazine detection in environmental samples.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been studied to be used as a platform for electrochemical sensing devices, with special regard to the determination of pesticides. Due to MIP applicability, in the present research, we develop a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a molecularly imprinted nanocomposite based on the doping of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) with chitosan (Chit) and TiO nanoparticles for sensing atrazine in environmental samples. The construction of the MIP nanocomposite was divided into four parts, which include the chitosan-TiO layer formation by simple drop-casting on the GCE, the doping and electropolymerization of the Chit+TiO+PEDOT layer, cavity formation, and elution.

Effect of Fabrication Route on the Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composites with Diatom Earth (DE).

Polylactide (PLA) that is reinforced with diatomaceous earth (DE) is a promising and eco-friendly material with high engineering potential. This article provides a comprehensive overview of various PLA types and processing methods for PLA + DE composites. This study aimed to determine the mechanical strength limits of PLA + DE composites using two PLA grades-amorphous PLE 005-A and semi-crystalline Ingeo 4043D-that are each filled with Perma-Guard DE 5, 10, and 15% by weight, and two manufacturing methods, injection molding (IM) and additive manufacturing (3DP), using fused filament fabrication (FFF).

Experimental Study on Bending Fatigue Performance of ADI Gears Under Different Applied Load Levels.

As austempered ductile iron (ADI) is a key gear material for meeting the lightweight and cost-effective demands of new energy vehicles, its bending fatigue performance has a direct impact on vehicle transmission efficiency. In the present work, QTD 800 gears were subjected to bending fatigue testing using a combination of the conventional group method and the staircase method, with considerations given to fatigue life and fatigue limit at different reliability levels. Subsequently, the gears were characterized using optical microscopy and a microhardness tester to examine their metallographic structure and determine their hardness.

Tribotechnical and Physical Characteristics of a Friction Composite Made of a Polymer Matrix Reinforced with a Complex of Fiber-Dispersed Particles.

A friction composite material which contains cellulose fiber, carbon fiber, wollastonite, graphite, and resin for use in oil-cooled friction units, hydromechanical boxes, and couplings was developed. The fabrication technique includes the formation of a paper layer based on the mixture of stated fibers via a wet-laid process, impregnation of the layer with phenolic resin, and hot pressing onto a steel carrier. The infrared spectra of the polymeric base (phenolic resin) were studied by solvent extraction.

AHP-Based Evaluation of Hybrid Kenaf/Flax/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Biocomposites for Unmanned Maritime Vehicle Applications.

Unmanned maritime vehicles (UMVs) have become essential tools in marine research and monitoring, significantly enhancing operational efficiency and reducing risks and costs. Fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used in marine applications due to their excellent characteristics. However, environmental concerns and the pursuit of sustainable development goals have driven the development of environmentally friendly materials.

Research and design of TiN/TiAlN coated integral cemented carbide reamers under high cutting-speed and high feed-rate machining conditions.

The development of high-performance reamers made of Cemented carbide and coating materials is an important direction in mechanical finishing. Due to the complex structure of reamers, it is difficult to manufacture reamers with good performance in practice. This paper takes the high cutting- speed and high feed-rate mechanical finishing of 45 steel as the experimental condition and the production site machining as the background to scientifically investigate the factors affecting the performance of the TiN/TiAlN coated Integral Cemented carbide reamer.

Supratrochlear Rim Resection: Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis-Based Arthroscopic Technique for Patients With Isolated Patellar Chondromalacia.

Isolated patellar chondromalacia in patients with patella alta and no history of patellar subluxations or dislocations is associated with a supratrochlear rim at the entrance to the femoral trochlea. This technical note outlines an arthroscopic technique called supratrochlear rim resection, which proposes a line of treatment that addresses not only symptoms (patellar cartilage defect) but also a suspected biomechanical reason (supratrochlear rim). The proposed technique combines resection of the supratrochlear rim with a modification of autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis cartilage reconstruction on the femoral side at the location of the resected rim, as well as on the patellar defect.

The Impact of Elevated Printing Speeds and Filament Color on the Dimensional Precision and Tensile Properties of FDM-Printed PLA Specimens.

This study examines the effect of elevated printing speeds (100-600 mm/s) on the dimensional accuracy and tensile strength of PLA components fabricated via fused deposition modeling (FDM). To isolate the influence of printing speed, all other parameters were kept constant, and two filament variants-natural (unpigmented) and black PLA-were analyzed. ISO 527-2 type 1A specimens were produced and tested for dimensional deviations and ultimate tensile strength (UTS).

Enhancing propionic acid formation and biogas yield from grass silage via co-fermentation of Pediococcus acidilactici and Lentilactobacillus buchneri.

This study investigated the effect of co-fermentation by Pediococcus acidilactici KKP 2065p and Lentilactobacillus buchneri KKP 2047p on propionic acid production and biogas yield from grass silage. The research was conducted in three stages. First, the growth dynamics and acid production of mono- and co-cultures were assessed in modified MRS media supplemented with glucose and 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) under laboratory conditions.

Atomic hysteretic diffusion enables high-strength TiAl/Ni joints cluster-plus-glue-atom modeled GCFMs.

The development of high-performance Ni/TiAl composite structures demands innovative solutions to overcome strength-ductility synergy. This work introduces a gradient-driven atomic hysteretic diffusion strategy to achieve TiAl substrate-matching mechanical performance. By combining [Ni-NiTi]Ni and [B-Ni]BNi cluster-plus-glue-atom modeled gradient composite filler metals (GCFMs) (NiCrBSi/ZrTiTaNiCu), we established spatiotemporal control of solid-liquid interfaces at the zone I/II interface and zone III/IV interface, inducing atomic diffusion hysteresis that converted brittle Ti-based intermetallic compounds (IMCs) into gradient-distributed Ni-based solid solutions in zones II and III.

Gyroid as a novel approach to suppress vortex shedding and mitigate induced vibration.

The present study uncovers how a Gyroid-structured extension, attached to a hydrofoil trailing edge, may prevent the formation of Karman vortices and remarkably reduce vortex-induced vibration (VIV). The case study is a blunt truncated NACA 0009 hydrofoil of 100 mm chord length and 150 mm span, placed in a water stream at high Reynolds number (Re = 0.6 × 10 to 2 × 10).

Lattice structure musculoskeletal robots: Harnessing programmable geometric topology and anisotropy.

Natural musculoskeletal systems combine soft tissues and rigid structures to achieve diverse mechanical behaviors that are both adaptive and precise. Inspired by these systems, we propose a programming method for designing bioinspired soft-rigid robotic structures using lattice geometries made from a single material. By introducing previously unknown approaches to the geometric design of unit cells within lattice structures-based on continuous blending and superposition of existing lattice geometries-we can precisely tune stiffness and anisotropy.

Recent Trends in Non-Destructive Testing Approaches for Composite Materials: A Review of Successful Implementations.

Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are critical for evaluating the structural integrity of and detecting defects in composite materials across industries such as aerospace and renewable energy. This review examines the recent trends and successful implementations of NDT approaches for composite materials, focusing on articles published between 2015 and 2025. A systematic literature review identified 120 relevant articles, highlighting techniques such as ultrasonic testing (UT), acoustic emission testing (AET), thermography (TR), radiographic testing (RT), eddy current testing (ECT), infrared thermography (IRT), X-ray computed tomography (XCT), and digital radiography testing (DRT).

Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of a CoCrFeNiCu High-Entropy Alloy: Processability, Microstructural Insights, and (In Situ) Mechanical Behavior.

High-entropy alloys are known for their promising mechanical properties, wear and corrosion resistance, which are maintained across a wide range of temperatures. In this study, a CoCrFeNiCu-based high-entropy alloy, distinguished from conventional CoCrFeNi systems by the addition of Cu, which is known to enhance toughness and wear resistance, was investigated to better understand the effects of compositional modification on processability and performance. The influence of key process parameters, specifically laser power and scan speed, on the processability of CoCrFeNiCu-based high-entropy alloys produced by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing was investigated, with a focus of low laser power, which is critical for minimizing defects and improving the resulting microstructure and mechanical performance.

Fluxgate Magnetometers Based on New Physical Principles.

This article considers a fluxgate magnetometer (FM) that operates based on a new physical principle. The authors analyze how the alternating electric charge potential of a cylindrical metal electrode impacts the structure of a cylindrical permanent magnet made of composite-conducting ferrite. They demonstrate that this impact and permanent magnet structure initiate the emergence of polarons with oscillating magnetism.

Ruminant Welfare Assessment.

Animal welfare studies are among the key areas of research contributing to the development of knowledge in the life sciences [...

Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.

Inspired by Richard Feynman's 1959 lecture and the 1966 film , the field of micro/nanorobots has evolved from science fiction to reality, with significant advancements in biomedical and environmental applications. Despite the rapid progress, the deployment of functional micro/nanorobots remains limited. This review of the technology roadmap identifies key challenges hindering their widespread use, focusing on propulsion mechanisms, fundamental theoretical aspects, collective behavior, material design, and embodied intelligence.

3D printing of self-healing longevous multi-sensory e-skin.

Electrically conductive hydrogels can simulate the sensory capabilities of natural skin, such that they are well-suited for electronic skin. Unfortunately, currently available electronic skin cannot detect multiple stimuli in a selective manner. Inspired by the deep eutectic solvent chemistry of the frog Lithobates Sylvaticus, we introduce a double network granular organogel capable of simultaneously detecting mechanical deformation, structural damage, changes in ambient temperature, and humidity.

Characteristics of Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains and Their Extracellular Vesicles as New Candidates for Probiotics.

There is a huge disparity between the number of bacterial and yeast probiotics in favor of the former. The latest reports indicate that extracellular vehicles (EVs) play a significant role in probiotic mechanisms. In the present work, we compared the probiotic properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (WUT3 and WUT151), which have never been previously characterized in this context, with commercial probiotic yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae var.

Research on Energy Management in Forward Extrusion Processes Based on Experiment and Finite Element Method Application.

This paper advances the forward extrusion process by integrating sustainable methodologies and optimizing energy efficiency. This research investigates the impact of die geometry and elongation coefficients on energy usage and process efficiency, employing finite element method (FEM) simulations alongside empirical analysis. Artificial neural networks and experimental data were utilized to predict process energy.

Advanced Non-Destructive Testing Simulation and Modeling Approaches for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Pipes: A Review.

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) pipes have emerged as a preferred alternative to conventional metallic piping systems in various industries, including chemical processing, marine, and oil and gas industries, owing to their superior corrosion resistance, high strength-to-weight ratio, and extended service life. However, ensuring the long-term reliability and structural integrity of FRP pipes presents significant challenges, primarily because of their anisotropic and heterogeneous nature, which complicates defect detection and characterization. Traditional non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, which are widely applied, often fail to address these complexities, necessitating the adoption of advanced digital techniques.

The climate gluing protests: analyzing their development and framing in media since 1986 using sentiment analyses and frame detection models.

Recent climate-related protests by social movements such as , and others have included actions like defacing artwork and gluing oneself to objects and streets. Using sentiment analysis and frame detection models, we analyze a corpus of all available English-language news articles in LexisNexis, with the first recorded instance of a gluing protest appearing in 1986. Our study traces the development of this protest tactic over time and addresses three central questions from social movement literature: the use of glue in protests, the geographical spread of this tactic, and the framing of these actions.

Computational fluid dynamic and machine learning modeling of nanofluid flow for determination of temperature distribution and models comparison.

This paper introduces an approach to temperature prediction by employing three distinct machine learning models: K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), and Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) which are integrated into Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The dataset consists of inputs, represented by the features x and y, and the corresponding output, which is the temperature. The case study is fluid flow of nanofluid through a pipe and the nanofluid contains CuO particles.

Materials and Structures Inspired by Human Heel Pads for Advanced Biomechanical Function.

The heel pad, located under the calcaneus of the human foot, is a hidden treasure that has been subjected to harsh mechanical conditions such as impact, vibration, and cyclic loading. This has resulted in a unique compartment structure and material composition, endowed with advanced biomechanical functions including cushioning, vibration reduction, fatigue resistance, and touchdown stability, making it an ideal natural bionic prototype in the field of bionic materials. It has been shown that the highly specialized structure and material composition of the heel pad endows it with biomechanical properties such as hyperelasticity, viscoelasticity, and mechanical anisotropy.

First principles unveiling the metallic TaS/GeC heterostructure as an anode material in sodium-ion batteries.

In this work, we designed the metal/semiconductor TaS/GeC heterostructure and explored its structural, electronic properties and adsorption performance using first-principles prediction. The potential application of the TaS/GeC MSH as an anode material for Na-ion batteries is also evaluated. Our findings show that the metal/semiconductor TaS/GeC heterostructure is energetically, thermally and mechanically stable at room temperature.