Electron currents mediated by tonoplast cytochromes b561.

Ascorbate (ASC) is a key redox buffer in plant cells, whose antioxidant capacity depends on its balance with monodehydroascorbate (MDHA), its one-electron oxidation product. In the cytoplasm of Arabidopsis mesophyll cells, ASC is present at high concentrations and interacts with enzymes that oxidize it to MDHA, such as ascorbate peroxidases, as well as with enzymes that regenerate it, like NAD(P)H-dependent MDHA oxidoreductases (MDHAR) and glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductases (DHAR). In vacuoles, ASC is found at lower concentrations and vacuoles lack these enzymes, but it can still undergo non-enzymatic oxidation by phenoxy radicals generated by class III peroxidases.

Computational limitations and future needs to unravel the full potential of 2'-O-methylation and C/D box snoRNAs.

This review evaluates the current state of C/D snoRNA databases and prediction tools in relation to 2'-O-methylation (2'-O-Me). It highlights the limitations of existing resources in accurately annotating and predicting guide snoRNAs, particularly for newly identified 2'-O-Me sites. We emphasize the need for advanced computational approaches specifically tailored to 2'-O-Me to enable the discovery and functional analysis of snoRNAs.

Heterogeneity of intracellular calcium signaling of glioblastoma cells depends on intratumoral location and migration state.

Background: Glioblastoma (GB), is an incurable brain tumor characterized by extreme malignancy and invasiveness, and the cellular mechanisms underlying such a severe phenotype are not completely understood. Although calcium (Ca) plays an important part in tumor proliferation and infiltration, it remains unclear whether Ca signaling in GB cells is related to its location within the tumor and on the infiltrative potential of the cells.

Methods: In this study, we developed a stably transfected GL261 cell line that coexpresses a red fluorescent protein for actin cytoskeleton staining and the intracellular Ca sensor, GCaMP6s.

Tonoplast cytochrome b561 is a transmembrane ascorbate-dependent monodehydroascorbate reductase: functional characterization of electron currents in plant vacuoles.

Ascorbate (Asc) is a major redox buffer of plant cells, whose antioxidant activity depends on the ratio with its one-electron oxidation product monodehydroascorbate (MDHA). The cytoplasm contains millimolar concentrations of Asc and soluble enzymes that can regenerate Asc from MDHA or fully oxidized dehydroascorbate. Also, vacuoles contain Asc, but no soluble Asc-regenerating enzymes.

Protein Crystallization of Two Recombinant Lpt Proteins.

The prerequisite for 3D structure determination of macromolecules via X-ray crystallography is well-ordered, diffracting crystals. Here, we report the recombinant production, biophysical/biochemical protein sample characterization, and vapor diffusion sitting drop crystallization protocols for two lipopolysaccharide transport proteins: LptH from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa-LptH) and an inactive LptC mutant (G153R) from Escherichia coli (EcLptCG153R).

The Role of the Lysosomal Cl/H Antiporter ClC-7 in Osteopetrosis and Neurodegeneration.

CLC proteins comprise Cl channels and anion/H antiporters involved in several fundamental physiological processes. ClC-7 is a lysosomal Cl/H antiporter that together with its beta subunit Ostm1 has a critical role in the ionic homeostasis of lysosomes and of the osteoclasts' resorption lacuna, although the specific underlying mechanism has so far remained elusive. Mutations in ClC-7 cause osteopetrosis, but also a form of lysosomal storage disease and neurodegeneration.

A Model-Driven Quantitative Analysis of Retrotransposon Distributions in the Human Genome.

Retrotransposons, DNA sequences capable of creating copies of themselves, compose about half of the human genome and played a central role in the evolution of mammals. Their current position in the host genome is the result of the retrotranscription process and of the following host genome evolution. We apply a model from statistical physics to show that the genomic distribution of the two most populated classes of retrotransposons in human deviates from random placement, and that this deviation increases with time.

Comparative and Functional Screening of Three Species Traditionally used as Antidepressants: L., Jones ex Roxb. and (D.Don) DC.

The essential oils (EOs) of three Caprifoliaceae species, the Eurasiatic (Vo), the Himalayan (Vj) and (Nj), are traditionally used to treat neurological disorders. Roots/rhizomes micromorphology, DNA barcoding and EOs phytochemical characterization were carried out, while biological effects on the nervous system were assessed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and microelectrode arrays (MEA). Nj showed the highest inhibitory activity on AChE (IC 67.

A long noncoding RNA acts as a post-transcriptional regulator of heat shock protein (HSP70) synthesis in the cold hardy Diamesa tonsa under heat shock.

Cold stenothermal insects living in glacier-fed streams are stressed by temperature variations resulting from glacial retreat during global warming. The molecular aspects of insect response to environmental stresses remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to expand our knowledge of how a cold stenothermal organism controls gene expression at the transcriptional, translational, and protein level under warming conditions.

Naringenin Impairs Two-Pore Channel 2 Activity And Inhibits VEGF-Induced Angiogenesis.

Our research introduces the natural flavonoid naringenin as a novel inhibitor of an emerging class of intracellular channels, Two-Pore Channel 2 (TPC2), as shown by electrophysiological evidence in a heterologous system, i.e. Arabidopsis vacuoles lacking endogenous TPCs.

DNA damage and translational response during detoxification from copper exposure in a wild population of Chironomus riparius.

Copper is one of the predominant components of pesticides employed in agriculture and known to be highly toxic once it reaches aquatic organisms. The impact of sublethal concentrations of this metal on wild insects is not yet completely understood. Studies addressing alterations in different levels of gene expression are still lacking.

Functional and dysfunctional conformers of human neuroserpin characterized by optical spectroscopies and Molecular Dynamics.

Neuroserpin (NS) is a serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) involved in different neurological pathologies, including the Familial Encephalopathy with Neuroserpin Inclusion Bodies (FENIB), related to the aberrant polymerization of NS mutants. Here we present an in vitro and in silico characterization of native neuroserpin and its dysfunctional conformation isoforms: the proteolytically cleaved conformer, the inactive latent conformer, and the polymeric species. Based on circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy, we present an experimental validation of the latent model and highlight the main structural features of the different conformers.

tRanslatome: an R/Bioconductor package to portray translational control.

Unlabelled: High-throughput technologies have led to an explosion of genomic data available for automated analysis. The consequent possibility to simultaneously sample multiple layers of variation along the gene expression flow requires computational methods integrating raw information from different '-omics'. It has been recently demonstrated that translational control is a widespread phenomenon, with profound and still underestimated regulation capabilities.

Staphylococcus aureus Efb protein expression in Nicotiana tabacum and immune response to oral administration.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most widespread agent of diseases in humans and animals. In dairy cows, S.

Biological weighting function of the UV-B-induced impairment of phototaxis in the freshwater ciliate Ophryoglena flava.

We determined the biological weighting function (BWF) of the effect of UV radiation on phototaxis of the freshwater, histophagous ciliate Ophryoglena flava. Dose-effect curves were measured by exposing the cells to 12 different irradiation regimens obtained with two different levels of UV-B radiation and by using six filters with cutoff wavelengths ranging from 280 to 335 nm. The results show that there are significant damages to phototaxis at the doses used and that the effect increases when the cutoff is shifted toward short wavelengths.