Exploiting ^{20}Ne Isotopes for Precision Characterizations of Collectivity in Small Systems.

Whether or not femto-scale droplets of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) are formed in so-called small systems at high-energy colliders is a pressing question in the phenomenology of the strong interaction. For proton-proton or proton-nucleus collisions the answer is inconclusive due to the large theoretical uncertainties plaguing the description of these processes. While upcoming data on collisions of ^{16}O nuclei may mitigate these uncertainties in the near future, here we demonstrate the unique possibilities offered by complementing ^{16}O+^{16}O data with collisions of ^{20}Ne ions.

Intrinsic Thermal Hall Effect in Mott Insulators.

In light of recent experimental data indicating a substantial thermal Hall effect in square lattice antiferromagnetic Mott insulators, we investigate whether a simple Mott insulator can sustain a finite thermal Hall effect. We verify that the answer is "no" if one performs calculations within a spin-only low-energy effective spin model with noninteracting magnons. However, by performing determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we show the single-band t-t^{'}-U Hubbard model coupled to an orbital magnetic field does support a finite thermal Hall effect when t^{'}≠0 and B≠0 in the Mott insulating phase.

Stability and Loop Models from Decohering Non-Abelian Topological Order.

Decohering topological order (TO) is central to the many-body physics of open quantum matter and decoding transitions. We identify statistical mechanical models for decohering non-Abelian TOs, which have been crucial for understanding the error threshold of Abelian stabilizer codes. The decohered density matrix can be described by loop models, whose topological loop weight N is the quantum dimension of the decohering anyon-reducing to the Ising model if N=1.

Energy-Energy Correlator for Jet Production in pp and pA Collisions.

In this Letter, we study the collinear limit of the energy-energy correlator in single-inclusive jet production in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions. We introduce a nonperturbative model that allows us to describe the energy-energy correlator in the entire angular region of the current experiments. Our results for proton-proton collisions show excellent agreement with CMS and ALICE data over a wide range of jet transverse momenta.

Complex Liouville String.

We introduce the complex Liouville string, a solvable string theory defined by coupling two Liouville theories with complex conjugate central charges c∈13+iR on the world sheet. We compute its amplitudes from first principles and establish a duality with a double-scaled two-matrix integral. We also analyze general world sheet boundaries and nonperturbative effects in the genus expansion.

Jet Rates in Higgs Boson Decay at Third Order in QCD.

We compute the production rates for two, three, four, and five jets in the hadronic decay of a Higgs boson in its two dominant decay modes to bottom quarks and gluons to third order in the QCD coupling constant. The five-, four-, and three-jet rates are obtained from a next-to-next-to-leading order calculation of Higgs decay to three jets, while the two-jet rate is inferred at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order from the inclusive decay rate. Our results show distinct differences in the dependence of the jet rates on the jet resolution parameter between the two decay modes, supporting the aim of discriminating different Higgs boson decay channels via classic QCD observables.

Axion Mass Prediction from Adaptive Mesh Refinement Cosmological Lattice Simulations.

The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion arises as the pseudo-Goldstone mode of a spontaneously broken Abelian Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry. If the scale of PQ symmetry breaking occurs below the inflationary reheat temperature and the domain wall number is unity, then there is a unique axion mass that gives the observed dark matter (DM) abundance. Computing this mass has been the subject of intensive numerical simulations for decades since the mass prediction informs laboratory experiments.

Essay: Emergent Holographic Spacetime from Quantum Information.

Holographic duality describes gravitational theories in terms of quantum many-body systems. In holography, quantum information theory provides a crucial tool that directly connects microscopic structures of these systems to the geometries of gravitational spacetimes. One manifestation is that the entanglement entropy in quantum many-body systems can be calculated from the area of an extremal surface in the corresponding gravitational spacetime.

Roughening Dynamics of Interfaces in the Two-Dimensional Quantum Ising Model.

The properties of interfaces are key to understanding the physics of matter. However, the study of quantum interface dynamics has remained an outstanding challenge. Here, we use large-scale tree tensor network simulations to identify the dynamical signature of an interface roughening transition within the ferromagnetic phase of the 2D quantum Ising model.

The effect of self-induced Marangoni flow on polar-nematic waves in active-matter systems.

 We study the formation of propagating large-scale density waves of mixed polar-nematic symmetry in a colony of self-propelled agents that are bound to move along the planar surface of a thin viscous film. The agents act as an insoluble surfactant, i.e.

Correlation-driven ultrafast charge migration in pyrrole derivatives: the influence of the alkyl group.

Pyrrole and its derivatives are essential components of many important organic molecules. By studying their response to ionization, we can gain insights into the photo-assisted reactions they participate in, as well as understand their overall photoresponse. In this study, we examine the effect of alkyl substitution in pyrrole derivatives on the ultrafast charge-migration dynamics initiated by inner-valence ionization.

Compositional Causal Identification from Imperfect or Disturbing Observations.

The usual inputs for a causal identification task are a graph representing qualitative causal hypotheses and a joint probability distribution for some of the causal model's variables when they are observed rather than intervened on. Alternatively, the available probabilities sometimes come from a combination of passive observations and controlled experiments. It also makes sense, however, to consider causal identification with data collected via schemes more generic than (perfect) passive observation or perfect controlled experiments.

, mesons from lattice QCD in fully physical conditions.

We determine masses and mixing parameters of the and meson in lattice QCD. The calculations are carried out on a set of 13 ETMC gauge ensembles with (maximally) twisted-mass Clover-improved quarks. These ensemble cover four values of the lattice spacing and pion masses from 140 to , including three ensembles at physical quark masses and six ensembles with .

Quantitative evaluation of methods to analyze motion changes in single-particle experiments.

The analysis of live-cell single-molecule imaging experiments can reveal valuable information about the heterogeneity of transport processes and interactions between cell components. These characteristics are seen as motion changes in the particle trajectories. Despite the existence of multiple approaches to carry out this type of analysis, no objective assessment of these methods has been performed so far.

Waveform distortion for temperature compensation and synchronization in circadian rhythms: An approach based on the renormalization group method.

Numerous biological processes accelerate as temperatures increase, but the period of circadian rhythms remains constant, known as temperature compensation, while synchronizing with the 24h light-dark cycle. We theoretically explore the possible relevance of waveform distortions in circadian gene-protein dynamics to the temperature compensation and synchronization. Our analysis of the Goodwin model provides a coherent explanation of most of temperature compensation hypotheses.

Expert-Level Detection of Epilepsy Markers in EEG on Short and Long Timescales.

Background: Epileptiform discharges, or spikes, within electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings are essential for diagnosing epilepsy and localizing seizure origins. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a promising approach to automating detection, but current models are often hindered by artifact-related false positives and often target either event- or EEG-level classification, thus limiting clinical utility.

Methods: We developed SpikeNet2, a deep-learning model based on a residual network architecture, and enhanced it with hard-negative mining to reduce false positives.

High harmonic spectroscopy reveals anisotropy of the charge-density-wave phase transition in TiSe.

Charge density waves (CDW) appear as periodic lattice deformations which arise from electron-phonon and excitonic correlations and provide a path towards the study of condensate phases at high temperatures. While characterization of this correlated phase is well established via real or reciprocal space techniques, for systems where the mechanisms interplay, a macroscopic approach becomes necessary. Here, we demonstrate the application of polarization-resolved high-harmonic generation (HHG) spectroscopy to investigate the correlated CDW phase and transitions in TiSe₂.

Valley-controlled photoswitching of metal-insulator nanotextures.

Spatial heterogeneity and phase competition are hallmarks of strongly correlated materials, influencing phenomena such as colossal magnetoresistance and high-temperature superconductivity. Active control over phase textures further promises tunable functionality at the nanoscale. Although light-induced switching of a correlated insulator to a metallic state is well established, optical excitation generally lacks the specificity to select subwavelength domains and determine final textures.

Observation of Floquet states in graphene.

Floquet engineering-the coherent dressing of matter via time-periodic perturbations-is a mechanism to realize and control emergent phases in materials out of equilibrium. However, its applicability to metallic quantum materials and semimetals such as graphene is an open question. The report of light-induced anomalous Hall effect in graphene remains debated, and a time-resolved photoemission experiment has suggested that Floquet effects might not be realizable in graphene and other semimetals with relatively short decoherence times.

Bernoulli Principle in Ferroelectrics.

Ferroelectric materials, characterized by spontaneous electric polarization, exhibit remarkable parallels with fluid dynamics, where polarization flux behaves similarly to fluid flow. Understanding polarization distribution in confined geometries at the nanoscale is crucial for both fundamental physics and technological applications. Here, we show that the classical Bernoulli principle, which describes the conservation of the energy flux along velocity streamlines in a moving fluid, can be extended to the conservation of polarization flux in ferroelectric nanorods with varying cross-sectional areas.

Conditioned quantum-assisted deep generative surrogate for particle-binary vector indicating thecalorimeter interactions.

Particle collisions at accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), recorded by experiments such as ATLAS and CMS, enable precise standard model measurements and searches for new phenomena. Simulating these collisions significantly influences experiment design and analysis but incurs immense computational costs, projected at millions of CPU-years annually during the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) phase. Currently, simulating a single event with Geant4 consumes around 1000 CPU seconds, with calorimeter simulations especially demanding.

Asymptotic theory of in-context learning by linear attention.

Transformers have a remarkable ability to learn and execute tasks based on examples provided within the input itself, without explicit prior training. It has been argued that this capability, known as in-context learning (ICL), is a cornerstone of Transformers' success, yet questions about the necessary sample complexity, pretraining task diversity, and context length for successful ICL remain unresolved. Here, we provide a precise answer to these questions in an exactly solvable model of ICL of a linear regression task by linear attention.

Qutrit toric code and parafermions in trapped ions.

The development of programmable quantum devices can be measured by the complexity of many-body states that they are able to prepare. Among the most significant are topologically ordered states of matter, which enable robust quantum information storage and processing. While topological orders are more readily accessible with qudits, experimental realizations have thus far been limited to lattice models of qubits.

Quantum-embedded equation-of-motion coupled-cluster approach to single-atom magnets on surfaces.

We investigate electronic states and magnetic properties of transition-metal atoms on surfaces using projection-based density embedding that combines equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) theory with density functional theory (DFT). As a case study, we explore Co adsorbed on MgO(001), an ideal model for single-atom magnet design, known for its record magnetic anisotropy among transition-metal adatoms. Periodic DFT-based calculations of the magnetic anisotropy energy, , the energy required to rotate the magnetization from parallel to perpendicular relative to the surface normal, predict in-plane magnetic anisotropy, contradicting the experimentally observed easy-axis anisotropy.