Evaluation of carbohydrate antigen 125 in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction diagnosis.

Background: Current evidence supports the role of circulating carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in risk assessment, disease monitoring and therapeutic guidance in heart failure (HF). However, there is limited data on its diagnostic applicability. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of CA125 in identifying HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in an outpatient population.

TLR7/8 ligands R848 and imiquimod induce differentiation of bone marrow cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome towards mature neutrophils.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) arise as a consequence of acquisition and progressive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic modifications by haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) which result in an impaired cell differentiation and the clonal expansion of myeloid progenitors leading to blast-cell accumulation in bone marrow (BM) and myelodysplasia. TLRs are expressed on HSPC and play a role in modulating haematopoiesis by instructing commitment to the myeloid lineage, and therefore may have potential therapeutic application. We have determined the in vitro effect of R848 (TLR7/TLR8 agonist) and Imiquimod (TLR7 agonist), on differentiation, apoptosis and cell viability in primary cultures of bone marrow samples from MDS (n = 6) and AML patients (n = 13).

Extracellular matrix dysfunction and synaptic alterations in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with strong evidence implicating neurodevelopmental abnormalities in its pathophysiology. Olfactory neuroepithelial cells from patients provide a unique platform for studying neurodevelopmental processes. These cells can be cultured into neurospheres and differentiated into neurons, allowing the study of patient-specific alterations related to the disorder.

Comparative analysis of patient-derived organoids and patient-derived xenografts as avatar models for predicting response to anti-cancer therapy.

Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and organoids (PDO) are widely used to model cancer and predict treatment response in matched patients. However, their predictive accuracy has not been systematically studied nor compared. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using PDX or PDO from solid tumors treated with identical anti-cancer agents as the matched patient, identifying 411 patient-model pairs (267 PDX, 144 PDO).

Cardiotoxicity in Adult Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Background/objectives: The incidence of cardiac morbimortality in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unknown.

Methods: We analyze the characteristics, incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of cardiac events in AML patients treated for second-line (2L) or third-line (3L) episodes.

Results: Among 327 2L AML patients (median age 62 years old), 135 experienced cardiac events, with an incidence of 38.

Therapeutic role of venous leg compression in worsening heart failure with predominant extravascular congestion: a case report.

Background: Worsening heart failure (WHF) may occasionally present with predominant extravascular fluid overload without clear intravascular congestion. This scenario can challenge traditional diuretic-based strategies, particularly in patients with infiltrative cardiomyopathies such as amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, where congestion often manifests as volume overload without substantial intravascular volume expansion.

Case Summary: This case report highlights the potential efficacy of venous leg compression (VLC)-a therapeutic approach traditionally employed in chronic venous diseases to improve venous return-combined with parenteral diuretic therapy in alleviating signs and symptoms in a 50-year-old woman with AL amyloidosis and WHF.

Aging diastole - root cause for atrial fibrillation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

The age-related decline in diastolic function can result in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and atrial fibrillation (AF), which are comorbid conditions that are increasingly prevalent and have a high socioeconomic burden. In humans, diastolic dysfunction results from structural and functional changes that increasingly impede diastolic filling after midlife. Comorbidities and pathomechanisms that lead to additional increases in cardiac filling pressures accelerate the age-related deterioration in diastolic function.

Validation and normative data for the BAC app in Spanish-speaking individuals with psychosis and healthy controls.

Background: Cognitive impairment is central to psychosis and strongly linked to functional outcomes. The Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) app is a tablet-based, automated tool for assessing key cognitive domains but has not been validated in Spanish-speaking populations or across illness stages.

Methods: A total of 402 participants (117 with first-episode psychosis [FEP], 125 with schizophrenia, and 160 controls) completed the BAC app along with clinical and functional assessments.

Unraveling the potential of hypothalamic deep brain stimulation for obesity: Impacts on memory, neuroplasticity and brain metabolism in the Zucker rat.

The lateral hypothalamus (LH) plays a key role in regulating energy balance and appetite, making it a potential target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treatment-resistant obesity. In this study, we evaluated the short and long-term in vivo effects of continuous LH-DBS over 15 days in a genetic model of obesity: the Zucker rat. We examined changes in body weight, brain glucose metabolism (via positron emission tomography, PET), and memory performance, along with ex vivo neuroplasticity in different hippocampal layers one month post-treatment.

Blumgart Anastomosis Versus Invaginating Pancreato-gastrostomy For Reconstruction After Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) rates between Blumgart anastomosis (BA) and invaginating pancreato-gastrostomy (PG) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).

Summary Background Data: POPF rates after PD are still high. The only modifiable factor available to improve POPF is the anastomotic technique.

Current status and challenges of multi-omics research using animal models of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is an underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which account for most deaths worldwide. Use of diverse preclinical models of atherosclerosis has been implemental in understanding the underlying mechanisms, the implicated cell types, the genes and the molecules at play in the onset and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Although significant research advancements have been made, further research is necessary to delve into factors influencing plaque types, site preference within the vasculature, interactions with adjacent tissues (liver, pancreas and perivascular adipose tissue), inflammation and sex-based disparities, among others.

Prognostic impact of cytogenetic alterations in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia treated with risk-adapted protocols.

Background And Objective: In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), cytogenetic alterations have influence on treatment response and are essential for risk stratification, although some have uncertain prognostic relevance. In this study, the prognostic impact of cytogenetic alterations was analyzed in a series of newly diagnosed AML patients treated with risk-adapted protocols.

Patients And Method: The cytogenetic profile of 1417 adult patients diagnosed with de novo AML (without t(15;17) or PML::RARA) enrolled in the CETLAM cooperative group protocols from 1994 to 2012 was studied, and its impact on survival was evaluated.

A radiomics-based artificial intelligence model to assess the risk of relapse in localized colon cancer.

Background: Accurately estimating relapse risk in localized colon cancer (LCC) remains a challenge, as clinicopathological staging often fails to differentiate patients with a higher likelihood of recurrence. There is a need for novel tools to improve patient selection for post-operative chemotherapy. Radiomics has emerged as a powerful, noninvasive approach that may enhance clinical decision making.

Synthetic biology-driven optoelectronic biosensor for rapid and highly sensitive norovirus detection in fecal samples.

The convergence of synthetic biology and biosensing technologies is revolutionizing diagnostics by enabling highly specific, scalable, and high-throughput detection platforms. In this study, we introduce a synthetic biology-driven optoelectronic biosensor for the rapid and highly sensitive quantification of human norovirus in clinical fecal samples. Our system integrates norovirus-like particles (NoV-LPs), produced via a baculovirus-insect cell expression system, as precise reference nanomaterials, alongside high-affinity single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies generated through phage display as bioreceptors.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Thyroid Nodule Management: Clinical Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Objective: The increasing incidence of thyroid nodules (TN) raises concerns about overdiagnosis and overtreatment. This study evaluates the clinical and economic impact of KOIOS, an FDA-approved artificial intelligence (AI) tool for the management of TN.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 176 patients who underwent thyroid surgery between May 2022 and November 2024.

De Novo Heterozygous Missense Variant Causes an Unexpected Phenotype of Non-Syndromic Hearing Impairment with Apparently Recessive Inheritance.

Hearing impairments (HIs) are clinically and genetically very heterogeneous. Finding the causative mutations in patients is frequently a challenge. We investigated two brothers affected by a sensorineural, moderate non-syndromic HI.

TIM3 breast cancer cells license immune evasion during micrometastasis outbreak.

In metastasis, the dynamics of tumor-immune interactions during micrometastasis remain unclear. Identifying the vulnerabilities of micrometastases before outbreaking into macrometastases can reveal therapeutic opportunities for metastasis. Here, we report a function of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) in tumor cells during micrometastasis using breast cancer (BC) metastasis mouse models.

Synthesis of 2-(3-aminopropyl)benzopyrans as potential antipsychotic agents targeting D/D and 5-HT receptors.

The high prevalence and complexity of neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, makes the development of new, safer and more effective neuroleptic drugs a continuing need. We have synthesized 2-(3-aminopropyl)benzopyrans bearing a chroman-6-ol nucleus, a 3‑carbon atoms side chain, and an ionisable nitrogen into different amine frameworks. The specific affinity of 2-(3-aminopropyl)benzopyrans was determined by competition binding assays of radioligands on membranes from CHO cells stably expressing the cloned human D, D and 5-HT receptors.

Corrigendum: Circulating miR-28-5p is overexpressed in patients with sarcopenia despite long-term remission of Cushing's syndrome: a pilot study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.

Disease-specific U1 spliceosomal RNA mutations in mature B-cell neoplasms.

Recurrent mutations in the third base of U1 spliceosomal RNA responsible for marked splicing and expression abnormalities have been described in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and some solid tumors. However, the clinical significance of these mutations in large and independent CLL cohorts as well as their presence in other B-cell neoplasms is unknown. Here we characterized U1 mutations in 1670 CLL and 363 mature B-cell lymphomas.

Association Between Lycopene and Metabolic Disease Risk and Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Lycopene, a dietary carotenoid with antioxidant properties, protects against sun-induced skin damage, prostatic conditions such as chronic prostatitis, and cancer; however, its role in metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (MAFLD), remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically assess the association between lycopene levels (serum and dietary) and the risk of metabolic diseases.

Methods: This study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF).

Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction and Therapeutic Adherence During Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction.

A significant proportion of post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients do not reach target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Suboptimal LDL-C reduction is often attributed to poor adherence to pharmacological therapy and lifestyle recommendations. : In a prospective registry of 179 post-MI patients who completed a Phase 2 Cardiac Rehabilitation Program (CRP), we evaluated the characteristics and predictors of suboptimal LDL-C reduction.