Nutritional Aspects of Eggs for a Healthy and Sustainable Consumption: A Narrative Review.

Despite being recognized as a low-cost food, rich in proteins and other nutrients, for years eggs have been the subject of controversy regarding a possible negative impact on human health linked to their frequent consumption and their cholesterol content. This narrative review describes the composition of eggs, the properties of individual nutrients, and the impact of their deficiency or excess on human health, and the development of several pathologies. The chemical-physical properties of the proteins and lipids contained in eggs and the environmental impact linked to their production are also considered.

Screening tool for the identification of relative energy deficiency in Sport risk: validation of the low energy availability in female questionnaire - Italian version (LEAFQ-ITA).

Background: Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (REDs) is defined as a multifactorial syndrome of impaired physiological and/or psychological functioning was previously named as the Female Athlete Triad. REDs was proposed to be an expansion of the Female Athlete Triad model (), corresponding to a combination of Low Energy Availability (LEA), alteration of the menstrual cycle and bone health. could be made possible by a screening tool to determine the risk of LEA.

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and dietary intervention: A systematic review to guide further research in amenorrheic women without overt eating disorder.

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is a multifactorial condition caused by psychological stress, energy deficit, weight loss, and excessive physical activity in the absence of adequate energy intake. Nutrition plays a key role in FHA treatment, with the primary intervention focused on correcting energy imbalance. Evidence regarding the exact amount of energy required to restore menses, the timeframe for recovery, and the optimal nutritional practices to support long-term recovery and optimize reproductive outcomes, remain limited.

Diet and Endometriosis: An Umbrella Review.

The association between nutrition and endometriosis is controversial. This umbrella review aimed to investigate whether specific dietetic strategies are useful for reducing endometriosis risk/symptoms. Systematic reviews on diet therapies for endometriosis were analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis methodology, and an umbrella review was implemented using Jamovi software.

Mediterranean Diet and athletic performance in elite and competitive athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) may represent the reference dietary pattern for athletes. Our aim was to study whether MedDiet could be associated with any changes in performance in adult athletes practicing different types of sport at various levels of competition.

Data Synthesis: A systematic literature review (PROSPERO n.

Mediterranean Diet and Quality of Life in Adults: A Systematic Review.

Background/objectives: With the increasing life expectancy and, as a result, the aging of the global population, there has been a rise in the prevalence of chronic conditions, which can significantly impact individuals' health-related quality of life, a multidimensional concept that comprises an individual's physical, mental, and social wellbeing. While a balanced, nutrient-dense diet, such as Mediterranean diet, is widely recognized for its role in chronic disease prevention, particularly in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers, its potential benefits extend beyond these well-known effects, showing promise in improving physical and mental wellbeing, and promoting health-related quality of life.

Methods: A systematic search of the scientific literature in electronic databases (Pubmed/Medline) was performed to identify potentially eligible studies reporting on the relation between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and health-related quality of life, published up to December 2024.

Chronotype and Cancer: Emerging Relation Between Chrononutrition and Oncology from Human Studies.

Fasting-feeding timing is a crucial pattern implicated in the regulation of daily circadian rhythms. The interplay between sleep and meal timing underscores the importance of maintaining circadian alignment in order to avoid creating a metabolic environment conducive to carcinogenesis following the molecular and systemic disruption of metabolic performance and immune function. The chronicity of such a condition may support the initiation and progression of cancer through a variety of mechanisms, including increased oxidative stress, immune suppression, and the activation of proliferative signaling pathways.

Effect of egg consumption on health outcomes: An updated umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of observational and intervention studies.

Aims: To evaluate the effect of egg consumption on health outcomes.

Data Synthesis: A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, and Web of Science was developed using terms ("egg consumption" or "egg intake") and ("health" or "chronic diseases" or "diabetes" or "cancer" or "cholesterol" or "dyslipidemia"), and meta-analyses of observational or interventional studies published since January 2020 were included. The studies' quality was evaluated through AMSTAR-2 and NutriGrade, and the strength of evidence according to sample size, heterogeneity, and quality of articles.

Dropout in cognitive behavioral treatment in adults living with overweight and obesity: a systematic review.

Obesity is a chronic, complex, and multifactorial disease resulting from the interaction of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. It is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, which damages health and deteriorates the quality of life. Although dietary treatment can significantly improve health, high attrition is a common problem in weight loss interventions with serious consequences for weight loss management and frustration.

Nutritional counseling in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: Healthy eating habits are the basis for good health status, especially for children and adolescents, when growth and development are still ongoing. Nutrition educational programs are essential to prevent and treat chronic diseases. Nutritional counseling (NC), as a collaborative process between the counselor and the client process, could help to achieve better outcomes.

Sleep effects of Ketogenic diet in pediatric patients with migraine: Preliminary data of a prospective study.

Objective/background: Ketogenic dietary therapies' effects on sleep have been poorly investigated up to date. Preliminary results of a prospective study aimed at evaluating possible sleep changes in pediatric patients with migraine treated with classic ketogenic diet are presented.

Patients/methods: Included patients were aged 14-18 years and had a diagnosis of chronic migraine.

Nutritional counseling in athletes: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: Many studies report poor adherence to sports nutrition guidelines, but there is a lack of research on the effectiveness of nutrition education and behavior change interventions in athletes. Some studies among athletes demonstrate that nutrition education (NE), often wrongly confused with nutritional counseling (NC), alone is insufficient to result in behavior change. For this reason, a clear distinction between NC and NE is of paramount importance, both in terms of definition and application.

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Severity.

Currently available data suggest that the union of a balanced diet and an overall healthy lifestyle may determine an amelioration in several clinical parameters and in the quality of life for patients with MS (pwMS). The study objective was to investigate the possible difference in MS severity in a group of Italian patients with MS based on their adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet). Eating habits were collected through a validated 110-items Food Frequency Questionnaire, the Medi-Lite score was used for adherence to MedDiet evaluation.

Ketonemia variability through menstrual cycle in patients undergoing classic ketogenic diet.

Introduction: Ketogenic dietary therapies (KDT) are well-established, safe, non-pharmacologic treatments used for children and adults with drug-resistant epilepsy and other neurological disorders. Ketone bodies (KBs) levels are recognized as helpful to check compliance to the KDT and to attempt titration of the diet according to the individualized needs. KBs might undergo inter-individual and intra-individual variability and can be affected by several factors.

Ketogenic dietary therapies in epilepsy: recommendations of the Italian League against Epilepsy Dietary Therapy Study Group.

A stepwise increase in the utilization of ketogenic dietary therapies for drug-resistant epilepsy has been observed in Italy in the last decade, although it is still considered often underused in many centers when compared to other countries. The Dietary Therapy Study Group of the Italian League against Epilepsy proposes practical recommendations to improve shared knowledge and facilitate the application of ketogenic dietary therapies, optimizing its efficacy and tolerability. The experts involved (11 child neuropsychiatrists, two adult neurologists, one psychologist, one pharmacologist, one pediatric endocrinologist, one representative of patients' associations, and three dietitians and clinical nutritionists) responded to a survey on current clinical practice issues and were asked to discuss controversial topics related to supplementation, long-term maintenance, transition, and a multidisciplinary approach to ketogenic dietary therapies.

Case report: KETOLAND the psychoeducation program for ketogenic diet.

Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms: epilepsy, movement disorders and neurocognitive impairment. The gold standard treatment for GLUT1DS are ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs), specifically classical ketogenic diet (CKD). Despite the benefits, CKD often represents a challenge for patients and their families since meal preparation is extremely demanding and deviates a lot from normal diet.

Classic ketogenic diet in parenteral nutrition in a GLUT1DS patient: Doing more with less in an acute surgical setting.

Ketogenic Dietary Treatments (KDTs) are to date the gold-standard treatment for glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) deficiency syndrome. Administration of KDTs is generally ; however, in some conditions including the acute gastro-enteric post-surgical setting, short-term parenteral (PN) administration might be needed. We report the case of a 14-year-old GLUT1DS patient, following classic KDT for many years, who underwent urgent laparoscopic appendectomy.

Ultra-processed foods consumption is associated with multiple sclerosis severity.

Background: MS is a chronic inflammatory neurological and immune-mediated disease of multifactorial etiology. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have been generally considered unhealthy due to their poor nutritional value. Emerging evidence suggests that factors other than their nutritional content may play an additional role toward chronic inflammation.

Association between chronotype, sleep pattern, and eating behaviours in a group of Italian adults.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the possible relationship between chronotype, sleeping, and eating patterns in 74 Italian adults (71.6% women). Based on Morningness-Eveningness Questionnare (MEQ) score, participants were classified as morning ( = 24), intermediate ( = 25), and evening ( = 25) chronotypes.

Effects of Classic Ketogenic Diet in Children with Refractory Epilepsy: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Kingdom of Bahrain.

Background: The classic ketogenic diet (cKD) has been used worldwide as an effective therapy for children with drug-resistant epilepsy. However, there have been no studies performed in Middle Eastern countries in order to assess the efficacy, side effects, predictors of cKD response and factors mostly associated with diet adherence. This study aims to assess the efficacy of cKD ratios of 4:1 and 3:1 and their influence on growth and biochemical parameters, particularly lipid profile and liver function tests (LFTs), and the factors most associated with diet adherence in a cohort of children with drug-resistant epilepsy in Bahrain.

Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors of Orthorexia Can Differ among the Students of Distinct University Courses.

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is defined as the excessive attention on healthy eating, and studies especially focused on food quality ON prevalence in university students can be extremely variable. The objective of this study is to investigate whether there was a difference in ON risk between health-scientific, economic-humanistic, sport sciences and dietetics and nutrition students, and to evaluate if lifestyle-related ON risk factors (dieting, physical activity, drugs and supplements use) could have an impact in different ways in determining ON risk among students attending these four programs. Participants were recruited at the University of Pavia and received a two-section questionnaire including demographic and lifestyle information and the ORTO-15 questionnaire.

Ketogenic Dietary Therapies in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Facts or Fads? A Scoping Review and a Proposal for a Shared Protocol.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with increasing incidence. An expanding body of literature is examining connections between ASD and dietary interventions. Existing reports suggest a beneficial effect of ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) in improving behavioral symptoms in ASD.

One Month of Classic Therapeutic Ketogenic Diet Decreases Short Chain Fatty Acids Production in Epileptic Patients.

Ketogenic diet (KD), a high fat and very low carbohydrates diet, is used worldwide for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy but, due to its composition, it might exert an impact on gut health. Even though data of KD effects on intestinal microbiota changes are recently emerging, its influence on the gut environment has been scarcely addressed so far. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 1 month of KD affects the gut environment in epileptic patients, by analyzing short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production and fecal water toxicity.

Reproducibility and validity of a food-frequency questionnaire (NFFQ) to assess food consumption based on the NOVA classification in adults.

NOVA is a classification that divides foods into four groups according to processing. Since no questionnaires have been validated to assess the consumption of foods with different levels of processing in the general adult population, we tested the reliability and validity of a 94-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (NFFQ) designed to estimate the intake (g/day) and the weight ratio (%) of the NOVA food groups in Italian adults. Time reliability and validity were tested by administrating the NFFQ to 110 subjects on two different occasions and comparing it with a weighed dietary record (WDR).