Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in People Living with HIV in Türkiye; Comorbidities and Drug Toxicities are Emerging Problems.

Introduction/objective: To reveal the epidemiology of kidney disease (KD) in people living with HIV (PWLH) and to report the antiretroviral treatment (ART) management in case of kidney disease.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective observational study identified KD under four categories: acute kidney disease (AKD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), accelerated decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR > 60 mL/min), and asymptomatic kidney disease indicated by markers of kidney damage. Clinical characteristics and etiological causes of KD in patients were evaluated.

The Temporal and Spatial Distribution Patterns of Necrotic and Apoptotic Cells in and Around the Spinal Cord Injury Site.

: Acute spinal cord trauma management necessitates understanding the primary and secondary injury mechanisms at different timepoints. : To characterize the cell death process by examining the temporal and spatial distributions of necrosis and apoptosis in an experimental spinal cord injury model. : Wistar male rats were divided into trauma (n = 30) and sham (n = 6) groups, and a 50 g/cm weight drop contusion design was used.

Impact and Citation Trends of Surveys Endorsed by the EUPSA Network Office in Pediatric Surgery: A Bibliometric Analysis.

The European Pediatric Surgeons' Association (EUPSA) Network Office regularly endorses surveys that address controversial topics in pediatric surgery. However, the scientific impact of these within the medical literature remains unclear. To address this gap, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of all published EUPSA-endorsed surveys.

Effectiveness of progressive core stabilization training on anaerobic performance in elite athletes: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Although progressive core stabilization training (PCST) improves sport-specific abilities, the effects of PCST on anaerobic performance and fatigue are still unclear today. Therefore, this prospective, single-blind (blinded: athletes, using placebo intervention), randomized (using random selection method) controlled study aimed to investigate the presence of these effects in elite athletes.

Methods: Athletes were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 30, 21.

Palatal donor site management using tissue adhesives with adjunctive coconut oil in a randomized clinical trial.

Management of the complications occurring in the donor area after epithelialized gingival graft (EGG) harvesting still poses a challenge for clinicians. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of gelatin sponge (GS), cyanoacrylate (CY), and coconut oil (CO) combination in comparison with GS + CY in donor site management. Fifty EGG were harvested from the lateral palate in 50 patients, who were subsequently randomized to receive the GS + CY (control) or GS + CY + CO combination (test).

Pediatric and Adult Inborn Errors of Immunity and COVID-19: A Comparative Study.

COVID-19 has worse clinical outcomes in inborn errors of immunity (IEI) patients. We aimed to determine COVID-19-related hospitalization/ICU admission/mortality risk in patients with IEI. We included 62 COVID-19 (29 children and 33 adults) in a referral center.

Management of Bradycardia Before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in a Patient with Mechanical Tricuspid and Mitral Valve Replacement.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has proven to be a safe and effective method, especially in patients with aortic stenosis whose surgical risk score is moderate to high. One of the possible complications after TAVI is bradyarrhythmia resulting from high-grade atrioventricular block. Some patients in this situation may require permanent pacemaker (PM) implantation.

GastroGPT: Development and controlled testing of a proof-of-concept customized clinical language model.

Background And Study Aims: Current general-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) large language models (LLMs) demonstrate limited efficacy in clinical medicine, often constrained to question-answering, documentation, and literature summarization roles. We developed GastroGPT, a proof-of-concept specialty-specific, multi-task, clinical LLM, and evaluated its performance against leading general-purpose LLMs across key gastroenterology tasks and diverse case scenarios.

Methods: In this structured analysis, GastroGPT was compared with three state-of-the-art general-purpose LLMs (LLM-A: GPT-4, LLM-B: Bard, LLM-C: Claude).

Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: targeting dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin.

Objectives: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the progression of chronic disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aimed to assess oxidative stress in MCI and AD patients using ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and dynamic thiol - disulfide homeostasis (TDH), and to investigate their potential as prognostic biomarkers.

Methods: A total of 128 participants were included in this study: 44 with normal cognition, 44 with MCI, and 40 with AD.

Validation of the EULAR/ACR classification criteria for chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis in a pediatric cohort.

Objectives: Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare autoinflammatory bone disorder primarily affecting children and adolescents. An international consensus group developed the EULAR/ACR Classification Criteria in order to define a homogeneous group of patients diagnosed with CNO. This study aims to validate these criteria in a diverse pediatric cohort and compare their performance with the Jansson and Roderick diagnostic criteria.

Overall fit of anterior and posterior single crown substructures fabricated with different additive manufacturing and conventional techniques.

Marginal and internal fit of single crowns is critical for clinical success. Further research is necessary to investigate the effects of various conventional and additive/subtractive manufacturing techniques on restoration fit, particularly for different tooth types. This in vitro study compared the fit of anterior and posterior crown substructures fabricated using five techniques: milled wax patterns for casting (CAW), 3D-printed polymer patterns for casting (3DP), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), selective laser melting (SLM), and manual wax carving (Cast).

Performance of Short-Term Culture and Direct MALDI-TOF MS for Identification of Candida Species From Blood Cultures.

Rapid and reliable identification of Candida spp. is crucial due to changing epidemiology and increasing resistance. This study aims to compare the identification rates, average Log Score (LS) values, and three different methods: short-term culture, Sepsityper kit, and an in-house method.

Accuracy and Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Glenohumeral Joint Injections: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To perform a systematic review comparing the accuracy and the efficacy of ultrasound-guided versus landmark-guided and other image-guided glenohumeral joint injections.

Methods: Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science were searched up to June 24, 2023. Independent authors reviewed and selected qualifying randomized controlled studies, cohort studies, and case control/case series comparing either the accuracy and/or clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided versus landmark-guided and other image-guided glenohumeral joint injections.

A pyrene-modified carbon nanodot as a fluorescence nanosensor for nitroaniline herbicide detection and smartphone-assisted RGB analysis using hydrogel detection kits.

Nitroaniline herbicides are widely used to combat broadleaf weeds, yet their high toxicity and persistence raise serious environmental and health concerns. Effective and sensitive detection of these herbicides in complex matrices such as soil is therefore crucial. In this study, a novel pyrene-modified carbon nanodot (4) was developed and used as a fluorescence nanosensor for the sensitive detection of nitroaniline herbicides in soil samples.

Development, Validity and Reliability of the Avoidance of Sports Activities Photo Scale (ASAP-Shoulder-Scale) in Athletes With Shoulder Pain.

Background: Fear-avoidance beliefs and kinesiophobia can contribute to shoulder pain-related avoidance behavior. In athletes, symptoms may only become apparent during training and competition. To identify shoulder pain-related avoidance behaviors, a standardized screening tool is needed.

The Modulatory Role of Positional Isomerism in Diolein on the Structural Features of pH-Responsive 2-Hydroxyoleic Acid Nanocarriers.

pH-responsive nonlamellar liquid crystalline nano-self-assemblies are gaining substantial interest in drug delivery applications owing to their unique inherent structural architectures. Using two positional isomers of diolein (namely, 1,2-diolein and 1,3-diolein) and their mixture (designated as diolein) in combination with 2-hydroxyoleic acid (2OHOA, a therapeutic agent with anticancer activity), we report on a family of stabilizer-free and pH-responsive nanoparticles with internal architectures spanning from a lamellar (L) phase to inverse hexagonal (H) and discontinuous (micellar) cubic phases. In lipid composition- and pH-dependent manners, the triggered colloidal transformations in these aqueous nanodispersions, combined with alterations in the morphological features and size distributions, were investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis.

Immediate effects of Compressive Myofascial Release versus Talocrural Joint Mobilization on passive mechanical properties and functional outcomes in participants with Achilles tendon repair.

Objective: To compare the immediate effects of two manual therapy techniques - Compressive Myofascial Release (CMR) and Talocrural Joint Mobilization (TJM) - on passive mechanical properties, ankle mobility, and functional performance in individuals following Achilles tendon repair.

Methods: Twenty participants with surgically repaired Achilles tendons received a single session of either CMR or TJM. Passive mechanical properties (tone, elasticity, stiffness) of the medial/lateral gastrocnemius and Achilles tendon were assessed via handheld myotonometer.

Optimization and Modeling of Various Fermentation Parameters Influencing Liamocin Production by NBRC 100716 Strain.

Liamocins are unique extracellular glycolipid biosurfactants produced by certain species of with potential applications in agriculture, food, medicine, and pharmaceutical industries due to their surface-active properties and antimicrobial activity. In this study, for the first time, optimization of various fermentation parameters for liamocin production by NBRC 100716 strain was carried out using the response surface methodology (RSM). By conducting numeric optimization, the optimum conditions were determined as follows: initial substrate (fructose) concentration (1) of 93.

The Effects of Upper Extremity and Lower Extremity Aerobic Exercise Training in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Aerobic exercise for both the upper extremity (UAE) and lower extremity (LAE) is recommended to increase functional capacity and walking performance in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, the effects of the UAE and LAE on patients with PAD remain uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the effects of UAE and LAE on cardiorespiratory parameters, walking distance, quality of life (QoL), physical activity, functional capacity, and hemodynamic variables in patients with PAD compared to a control group.

Current therapeutic and educational interventions for feeding problems in early childhood: A systematic review.

Feeding problems are common in early childhood and are often a source of concern for families. The aim of this review is to identify therapeutic and educational interventions for sensory-behavioral feeding problems that have become widespread in recent years and to systematically evaluate the evidence for their effectiveness. This review, registered in the PROSPERO system, was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guideline.