Multi-objective computational optimization of human 5' UTR sequences.

The computational design of messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences is a critical technology for both scientific research and industrial applications. Recent advances in prediction and optimization models have enabled the automatic scoring and optimization of $5^\prime $ UTR sequences, key upstream elements of mRNA. However, fully automated design of $5^\prime $ UTR sequences with more than two objective scores has not yet been explored.

Data-driven prior elicitation for Bayes factors in Cox regression for nine subfields in biomedicine.

Biomedical research often utilizes Cox regression for the analysis of time-to-event data. The pervasive use of frequentist inference for these analyses implicates that the evidence for or against the presence (or absence) of an effect cannot be directly compared and that researchers must adhere to a predefined sampling plan. As an alternative, the use of Bayes factors improves upon these limitations, which is especially important for costly and time-consuming biomedical studies.

Benchmark of computational hydraulics models for open-channel flow with lateral cavities.

Computational models in hydro-environmental engineering are diverse in their background formulation and span from two-dimensional depth-averaged shallow water models, to complex fully three-dimensional turbulence models resolving large-eddy simulation with surface capturing techniques, and to Lagrangian particle-based methods. This paper presents a first-of-its-kind comparison of six different computational hydraulics fluid dynamics models, namely Iber+, HO-SWM, GBVC, OpenFOAM (RANS), Hydro3D (LES) and DualSPHysics (SPH), in the prediction of mean velocities and free-surface dynamics in two benchmarks involving open-channel flows with symmetric lateral cavities. Results show that shallow-water models capture relatively well the main large-scale coherent structures of the in-cavity flow, with wider shear layers compared to three-dimensional models, and higher velocities in the main channel.

Chromosome-scale whole genome assembly and annotation of the Jamaican field cricket Gryllus assimilis.

Gryllus assimilis, commonly known as Jamaican field cricket, is an edible insect with significant economic value in sustainable food production. Despite its importance, a high-quality reference genome of G. assimilis has not yet been published.

Chemiluminescent and fluorescent properties of extracellular red pigment from Talaromyces purpureogenus.

Talaromyces purpureogenus is an attractive option for natural pigment production owing to its ability to produce large amounts of water-soluble extracellular red pigments. Recently, natural pigments have been used to develop halochromic biosensing applications, in which the colour change acts as a signal in response to a stimulus; however, the shelf-life and signal generation ability of packaging employing natural pigments maybe suboptimal because of potential reactions with environmental factors. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an alternative method for producing measurable signals from pigments.

Biological activities of BY2-melanin, a plant-type eumelanin, isolated from cultured tobacco BY-2 cells.

BY2-melanin, a plant eumelanin distinct from nitrogen-free plant allomelanins, was previously isolated from cultured BY-2 tobacco cells. Herein, the biological activities of BY2-melanin, including its ability to protect against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and antioxidant activity, were investigated. Based on the survival rate of , the ability of BY2-melanin to protect against UVR was three and eight times higher than that of melanins isolated from fungi and bacteria, respectively.

Tailored nanoscale structure of flame-made antimony doped tin oxides and their near-infrared shielding properties.

Today's world is confronting mounting challenges and pressures from urbanization, industrial expansion, and the effects of climate change. These forces are fueling a surge in energy consumption, placing heavy demands on our limited resources. Buildings are a key contributor to this issue, as the need for cooling, heightened by heat from sunlight streaming through windows, emphasizes the critical importance of adopting energy-efficient solutions.

Unveiling the Formation Pathway of Vaterite from Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Using Metadynamics Simulations.

Calcium carbonate is a compound that is widely distributed throughout the Earth as a natural mineral and a material produced by biological activities. The crystal structure of calcium carbonate has three polymorphs: the most thermodynamically stable calcite, followed by aragonite and vaterite. Of the three crystalline phases, the formation process and structure of the most unstable, vaterite, remain mysterious.

Structural Investigation and Enriched Catalysis of Cu-Complex-Encapsulated Microporous Catalyst with Pragmatic Modeling for Prediction of Activity by Using Machine Learning.

Silicoaluminophosphates (SAPOs) are structurally diverse materials widely used in separation, catalysis, and environmental applications. In this study, a simple post-synthetic method is used to create a hybrid porous material by immobilizing a copper(II) complex onto base-functionalized SAPO molecular sieves. The copper complex, synthesized using 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and copper nitrate, is structurally confirmed through single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

In Situ Observation of Post-CO Intermediates to Decode C─C Coupling Pathways in CO Electroreduction.

Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO) reduction reaction (CORR) has emerged as a promising strategy for sustainable energy conversion and carbon utilization. Despite intensive research efforts, the understanding of intermediates and pathways leading from CORR to multicarbon (C) chemicals remains incomplete. The challenge is to gain insight into the activation of adsorbed CO and the subsequent pathways.

A Practical Application of Machine Learning for the Development of Metallole-Based Fluorescent Materials.

We have built a prediction model of the fluorescence quantum yields of metalloles. Based on the suggestion by the prediction model, we synthesized 10 fluorescent molecules to confirm the prediction accuracy. By measuring the fluorescence quantum yields of the synthesized molecules, it was demonstrated that our prediction model reasonably classified the quantum yields with an accuracy of 0.

Custom-made medium approach for effective enrichment and isolation of chemolithotrophic iron-oxidizing bacteria.

Chemolithotrophic neutrophilic iron (Fe)-oxidizing bacteria, which mainly belong to the family Gallionellaceae, universally prevail in terrestrial environments changing Fe cycling. However, they are typically recognized as difficult-to-culture microbes. Despite efforts, there are few Fe(II)-oxidizing lithotroph isolates; hence, their physiological and ecological knowledge remains limited.

Revisiting cobaloxime(II) chemistry and clearing misconceptions of cobaloxime(II) in diamagnetic Ni(II) and Pd(II) matrixes using comprehensive magnetic measurements.

Co(II) was doped into the diamagnetic one-dimensional framework of bis(dimethylglyoximato) Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes [Ni/Pd(Hdmg)] (Hdmg = dimethylglyoximate anion) (hereafter referred to as Co@Ni and Co@Pd samples) to study magnetic properties as a potential spin qubit. In a previous report of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of this compound prepared using the same doping strategy in the Ni matrix, a spectrum assigned to = 1/2 Co(II) with = 2.58, = 2.

Comparison of clinical outcomes of polyetheretherketone and hybrid resin crowns placed on molars for over two years.

This study aimed to compare the 2-year clinical outcomes of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and hybrid resin crowns placed on molars. Patients who received PEEK (P-Cr) and hybrid resin (H-Cr) crowns at Hiroshima University Hospital between 2016 and 2021 were evaluated in 2024 for crown conditions, including loss, fractures, and occlusal wear. No cases of crown debonding or fracture were observed in the P-Cr group.

Familial coaggregation and shared familiality of functional and internalizing disorders in the Lifelines cohort.

Background: Functional disorders (FDs) are characterized by persistent somatic symptoms and are highly comorbid with internalizing disorders (IDs). To provide much-needed insight into FD etiology, we evaluated FD and ID familial coaggregation and shared familiality.

Methods: Lifelines is a three-generation cohort study, which assessed three FDs (myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome [ME/CFS], irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], and fibromyalgia [FM]) and six IDs (major depressive disorder [MDD], dysthymia [DYS], generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], agoraphobia [AGPH], social phobia [SPH], and panic disorder [PD]) according to diagnostic criteria.

Salt-Induced Membrane-Bound Conformation of the NAC Domain of α-Synuclein Leads to Structural Polymorphism of Amyloid Fibrils.

α-Synuclein (αS) interacts with lipid membranes in neurons to form amyloid fibrils that contribute to Parkinson's disease, and its non-amyloid-β component domain is critical in the fibrillation. In this study, the salt (NaCl) effect on the membrane interaction and fibril formation of αS peptide (containing the non-amyloid-β component domain) was characterized at the molecular level because the αS fibrils exhibited structural polymorphism with two morphologies (thin and thick) in the presence of NaCl but showed one morphology (thin) in the absence of NaCl. The membrane-bound conformation (before fibrillation) of αS had two helical regions (first and second) on the membrane regardless of salt, but the length of the first region largely shortened when NaCl was present, exposing its hydrophobic area to the solvent.

Balancing priorities for a sustainable future in cities: Land use change and urban ecosystem service dynamics.

Cities must prepare for future uncertainties associated with climate change and societal challenges. This study used the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model to simulate potential scenarios for Tehran metropolitan area. We considered various scenarios for future development and their implications.

Stimuli-Responsive Multiacceptor Conjugated Polymers: Recent Trend and Future Direction.

Apart from the visual effects, geometric shapes of materials play an important role in their engineering and biomedical applications. Responsive materials-based patient-specific anatomical models provide better insights into the structure and pathology. Polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for advanced science and technology.

Hierarchical Structure Design of ZIF-Derived CoNiFe LDH Nanocages Grown on Ag Nanowires as High-Performance Cathode for Zn-Air Batteries.

Developing bifunctional electrocatalysts with superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and high durability are crucial for rechargeable metal-air batteries. Transition-metal-based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are promising in the application as cost-effective and high-performance air cathodes. Herein, hierarchical composites of Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-derived CoNiFe LDH nanocages in situ grown on silver nanowires (Ag NWs) are synthesized as carbon-free bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.

Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems: The Impact of C-V2X Communication Technologies on Road Safety and Traffic Efficiency.

The advancement of intelligent road transport represents a promising direction in the evolution of transportation systems, aimed at improving road safety and reducing traffic accidents. The integration of artificial intelligence, sensors, and machine vision systems enables autonomous vehicles (AVs) to rapidly adapt to changes in the road environment, minimizing human error and significantly reducing collision risks. These technologies provide continuous and highly precise control, including adaptive acceleration, braking, and maneuvering, thereby enhancing overall road safety.

Electrochemical manipulation of the insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells directly cultured on a PEDOT:PSS electrode.

The development of cell-based devices using mammalian cells is becoming increasingly feasible. To remotely control such sophisticated devices, an interface between digital computer/internet networks and cellular/organ networks is essential. This study explores the electrochemical manipulation of insulin secretion-a regulatory hormone for the control of blood sugar levels-using pancreatic β cells as a model.

Precise positioning of Au islands within mesoporous Pd-Pt nanoparticles for plasmon-enhanced methanol oxidation.

Trimetallic systems have garnered considerable attention in (electro)catalysis due to the synergistic effects resulting from the combination of three different metals. However, achieving precise control over the positioning of various metals and understanding the relationship between structure and performance remains challenging. This study introduces an approach for synthesizing Pd@Pt@Au mesoporous nanoparticles (MNPs) with distinct core-shell Pd@Pt structures, featuring well-dispersed isolated Au islands on the outer shell, improving the plasmonic effect.

Development of a low-cost microfluidic chip for hyaluronidase-free oocyte denudation in mammals.

Infertility in mammals is one of the most intricate medical issues requiring non-traditional interventions. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is one of the modern medical technologies currently used to treat infertility. However, current IVF procedures are inaccessible and unaffordable to the majority due to the high cost, the complexity of the procedure, and the reliance on highly qualified operators.

Single-Energy, Dual-Energy, and Photon-Counting Computed Tomography of the Liver: Current Development and Clinical Utility for the Assessment of Focal Liver Lesions.

Advancements in computed tomography (CT) technology, particularly the emergence of dual-energy CT (DE-CT) and photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT), can improve detection, characterization, and treatment monitoring of focal liver lesions. DE-CT, through its ability to differentiate tissues with similar densities and produce diverse datasets, has enhanced lesion visibility and diagnostic precision. PCD-CT further advances imaging with superior spatial resolution and material decomposition capabilities, offering potential for complex diagnostic scenarios.