Benchmark of computational hydraulics models for open-channel flow with lateral cavities.

Computational models in hydro-environmental engineering are diverse in their background formulation and span from two-dimensional depth-averaged shallow water models, to complex fully three-dimensional turbulence models resolving large-eddy simulation with surface capturing techniques, and to Lagrangian particle-based methods. This paper presents a first-of-its-kind comparison of six different computational hydraulics fluid dynamics models, namely Iber+, HO-SWM, GBVC, OpenFOAM (RANS), Hydro3D (LES) and DualSPHysics (SPH), in the prediction of mean velocities and free-surface dynamics in two benchmarks involving open-channel flows with symmetric lateral cavities. Results show that shallow-water models capture relatively well the main large-scale coherent structures of the in-cavity flow, with wider shear layers compared to three-dimensional models, and higher velocities in the main channel.