Characterization and comparison of respiratory toxicity induced by sublethal poisoning to two organophosphorus compounds: A pesticide and a sarin structural analog in mice.

The chemical risk associated with the use of organophosphorus nerve agents remains a major concern, as highlighted by recent international events (e.g., Syrian conflict, Novichok poisoning incidents) and the tense geopolitical climate.

We have liftoff: A discovery study to use artificial intelligence to identify adaptative profiles for future space missions.

Long-duration space missions will challenge astronauts' adaptive capacities. Interoception and heart rate variability (HRV), reflecting parasympathetic activity, are increasingly recognized as predictors of adaptation and health. This study investigated whether artificial intelligence may predict adaptation profiles from interoceptive and HRV responses accross different space analogs.

Why the military should be interested in biomedical technology: four domains of innovation that could change fighting power.

Biotechnology is a rapidly progressive field, currently transforming agriculture, healthcare, and life sciences. This rapid development comes with serious legal and ethical challenges as well as risks for human security and health. NATO has prioritized biotechnology and human enhancement technologies for defense, focusing on legitimate, defensive applications.

Identification of mechanisms underlying ventilatory dysfunction in organophosphorus chemical warfare agent-exposed mice.

Chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNA), such as VX, pose significant threats due to their profound impact on vital physiological systems. The primary concern is the risk of respiratory failure resulting from cholinergic dysregulation, a signaling pathway crucial for ventilatory function regulation. This study aims to elucidate the key mechanisms underlying the induction of respiratory failure in mice following sub-lethal VX exposure in order to optimize therapeutic management.

Multiple early local transmissions of chikungunya virus, Mainland France, from May 2025.

In 2025, a large outbreak of chikungunya occurred in Réunion Island (France). By 10 July, 1,911 imported cases were notified in Mainland France, most (89%) were associated with travel to Réunion Island. Ten autochthonous outbreaks in five French regions involving 27 cases were identified between May and mid-July and outbreaks occurred earlier than in previous years.

Toward a multidisciplinary neurobiology of interoception and mental health.

Interoception, the process by which the nervous system senses, interprets and integrates internal physiological signals, is fundamental to health, playing a key role in brain-body feedback loops that maintain homeostasis. Disruptions in interoceptive processing are common across psychiatric disorders, highlighting its relevance for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This review examines recent translational advances in interoception research, with a focus on anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, and functional gastrointestinal disorders, where altered interoceptive signaling contributes to core symptoms.

Effects of repeated gravity changes during parabolic flight: Evidence of the need to assist space tourists to outer space.

In the era of space tourism, walking in the steps of Neil Armstrong has never been more real. Future space tourists will have to face the harshness of the environment, especially the travel, and adapt quickly for their own safety. This issue raises both the question of preparation and the impact of such a journey on novice populations who have not been selected for their physical and cognitive abilities.

Quantitative Analysis of Muscarinic Antagonist Atropine and Tiotropium in Microvolume Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Application for Pharmacokinetic Studies.

Despite the availability of current resources, the development of medical countermeasures remains crucial in combatting the threat posed by chemical warfare agents, such as organophosphorus compounds (OPs), which are toxic nerve agents requiring rapid medical intervention. Within the available therapeutic arsenal, muscarinic antagonists such as atropine are administered to mitigate the effects of excessive cholinergic system stimulation, which leads to respiratory tract obstruction due to hypersecretions and bronchoconstriction. Tiotropium, an FDA-approved bronchodilator, acts as a muscarinic receptor antagonist and could, therefore, serve as a potential alternative.

Exertional heat illness: international military-oriented lessons learned and best practices for prevention and management.

Climate change has resulted in more frequent and intense heat waves, leading to elevated global temperatures and posing a significant health threat to individuals working in hot environments such as military personnel. Ensuring both safety and performance, alongside the increasing risk of exertional heat illnesses (EHI) due to rising temperatures, is hence even more crucial. Extensive research conducted over many years has aimed to understand the causes and impacts of EHI and develop prevention and treatment strategies.

Engineering the bone reconstruction surgery: the case of the masquelet-induced membrane technique.

The reconstruction of large bone defects remains challenging for orthopedic surgeons. Autologous bone grafts (ABGs) are the gold standard treatment for limited size defects, but larger bone defects (> 5 cm) require the use of more sophisticated techniques, such as the Masquelet technique. Over the last three decades, the Masquelet or induced membrane technique (IMT) has become increasingly popular as it does not require high-precision microsurgery skills and the time taken to achieve bone consolidation is independent of the length of the defect.

Low capacity for molecular detection of Alphaviruses other than Chikungunya virus in 23 European laboratories, March 2022.

Alphaviruses comprise over 30 identified species spread worldwide and carry a large global health burden. With vector expansion occurring in and around Europe, it is anticipated this burden will increase. Therefore, regular assessment of the diagnostic capabilities in Europe is important, e.

CD163, a novel receptor for TNF, was revealed by proximity ligation assay.

Cytokine therapy utilizes cytokines to enhance the immune system to fight diseases. These strategies rely on advanced knowledge, including the communication between cytokines and their receptors. cytokine-receptor interactions are typically analyzed by co-localization using immunolabeling.

RENEB interlaboratory comparison for biological dosimetry based on dicentric chromosome analysis and cobalt-60 exposures higher than 2.5 Gy.

In previous RENEB interlaboratory comparisons based on the manual scoring of dicentric chromosomes, a tendency for systematic overestimation for doses > 2.5 Gy was found. However, these exercises included only very few doses in the high dose range, and they were heterogeneous in terms of radiation quality and evaluation mode, and comparable only to a limited extent.

Workflow4Metabolomics (W4M): A User-Friendly Metabolomics Platform for Analysis of Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data.

Various spectrometric methods can be used to conduct metabolomics studies. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with separation methods, such as liquid or gas chromatography (LC and GC, respectively), are the most commonly used techniques. Once the raw data have been obtained, the real challenge lies in the bioinformatics required to conduct: (i) data processing (including preprocessing, normalization, and quality control); (ii) statistical analysis for comparative studies (such as univariate and multivariate analyses, including PCA or PLS-DA/OPLS-DA); (iii) annotation of the metabolites of interest; and (iv) interpretation of the relationships between key metabolites and the relevant phenotypes or scientific questions to be addressed.

DTPA and anti-inflammatory drug associations to alleviate Pu-induced response of macrophages in vitro.

Internal contamination by inhalation of plutonium poorly soluble compounds leads to their long time retention in alveolar macrophages inducing delayed pathology development. As previous studies highlighted co-localization of retained Pu and inflammatory lesions, this study was designed to assess the combined effect of the reference treatment (DTPA) and anti-inflammatory drugs on Pu-induced early response of macrophages in vitro. Pu colloids, mimicking poorly soluble Pu, were characterized using filtration and solid-state nuclear track detectors CR39.

Rapid confirmation of autochthonous origin in suspected cases of melioidosis from French overseas departments in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean by PCR-high resolution melting (HRM) analysis.

Burkholderia pseudomallei, a soil-borne bacterium that causes melioidosis, endemic in South and Southeast Asia and northern Australia, is now emerging in new regions. Since the 1990s, cases have been reported in French overseas departments, including Martinique and Guadeloupe in the Caribbean, and Reunion Island and Mayotte in the Indian Ocean, suggesting a local presence of the bacterium. Our phylogenetic analysis of 111 B.

Correlation Between Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes and Biological Markers of Key Parameters in Acute Radiation Cystitis Among Patients With Prostate Cancer (RABBIO): Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Despite advances in radiation techniques, radiation cystitis (RC) remains a significant cause of morbidity from pelvic radiotherapy, which may affect patients' quality of life (QoL). The pathophysiology of RC is not well understood, which limits the development of effective treatments.

Objective: The Radiotoxicity Bladder Biomarkers study aims to investigate the correlation between blood and urinary biomarkers and the intensity of acute RC symptoms and QoL in patients undergoing localized prostate cancer radiotherapy.

Exploring the relationship between occupational stress, physical activity and sedentary behavior using the Job-Demand-Control Model.

Objectives: To study the relationship between the occupational stress model, specifically the Job Demand-Control Model of Karasek, physical activity level and sedentary behavior.

Method: This is a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 100 volunteers working at Clermont Auvergne University.

Design and validation of a simulated multitasking environment for assessing the cognitive load on the infantry squad leader.

The increasing cognitive load on infantry squad leaders is a common challenge in modern military operations. As this can increase health and safety risks, there is a need to study the factors responsible for the increase in cognitive load. Ecological situations inherently lack strong experimental controls; therefore, microworlds that simulate real tasks are the usual alternative to field studies.