Hypoglycemia incidence and behavioural adjustments during free-living unstructured physical activity in adults with type 1 diabetes using AID systems: Results from the RAPPID study.

Aims: To assess the frequency and management of hypoglycaemia during unstructured physical activity (PA) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in real-life settings.

Materials And Methods: RAPPID is a prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted over 1 month in four French tertiary care centres. Adults with T1D using one of three AID systems (MiniMed 780G, Tandem t:slim X2 with Control-IQ, or Ypsopump with CamAPS FX) and performing ≥2 unstructured PA sessions per week were included.

Injuries and risk factors in men's beach soccer: Japanese national championships 2013-2023.

Understanding the most common injuries in beach soccer and their risk factors is essential for ensuring player safety. We aimed to describe the injury patterns and identify factors associated with the risk of injury in men's beach soccer. We prospectively recorded injuries reported by players at an on-site aid station during the Japanese National Beach Soccer Championships between 2013 and 2023 (9 tournaments).

Impact of forward and backward walking on gait parameters across parkinson's disease stages and severity: a prospective observational study.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor symptoms altering gait domains such as slow walking speed, reduced step and stride length, and increased double support time. Gait disturbances occur in the early, mild to moderate, and advanced stages of the disease in both backward walking (BW) and forward walking (FW), but are more pronounced in BW. At this point, however, no information is available about BW performance and disease stages specified using the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scale.

Simulated metabolic profiles reveal biases in pathway analysis methods.

Introduction: Initially developed for transcriptomics data, pathway analysis (PA) methods can introduce biases when applied to metabolomics data, especially if input parameters are not chosen with care. This is particularly true for exometabolomics data, where there can be many metabolic steps between the measured exported metabolites in the profile and internal disruptions in the organism. However, evaluating PA methods experimentally is practically impossible when the sample's "true" metabolic disruption is unknown.

Less combination therapy and more fistulotomy in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease in the elderly.

Background And Aims: This study aimed to describe Crohn's disease perianal fistulizing lesions in patients undergoing surgery over 60 years to compare clinical presentation, management and outcomes with those observed in younger patients.

Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2022, all patients over 60 years old who underwent a first surgical intervention for anal fistula at two medical centers were included. For each patient included, two younger patients who underwent the same surgical procedure during the same period in the same centers were matched for comparison.

Emerging strategies, applications and challenges of targeting NAD in the clinic.

Beyond their classical functions as redox cofactors, recent fundamental and clinical research has expanded our understanding of the diverse roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) in signaling pathways, epigenetic regulation and energy homeostasis. Moreover, NAD and NADP influence numerous diseases as well as the processes of aging, and are emerging as targets for clinical intervention. Here, we summarize safety, bioavailability and efficacy data from NAD-related clinical trials, focusing on aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

Integrins from extracellular vesicles as players in tumor microenvironment and metastasis.

Integrins constitute a large and diverse family of cell adhesion molecules that play essential roles in regulating tumor cell differentiation, migration, proliferation, and neovascularization. Tumor cell-derived exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles, are enriched with integrins that reflect their cells of origin. These exosomal integrins can promote extracellular matrix remodeling, immune suppression, and vascular remodeling and are closely linked to tumor progression and metastasis, acting as pivotal players in mediating organ-specific metastasis.

The multi-kingdom cancer microbiome.

Microbial influence on cancer development and therapeutic response is a growing area of cancer research. Although it is known that microorganisms can colonize certain tissues and contribute to tumour initiation, the use of deep sequencing technologies and computational pipelines has led to reports of multi-kingdom microbial communities in a growing list of cancer types. This has prompted discussions on the role and scope of microbial presence in cancer, while raising the possibility of microbiome-based diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tools.

The Solve-RD Solvathons as a pan-European interdisciplinary collaboration to diagnose patients with rare disease.

Despite advances in genomic diagnostics, the majority of individuals with rare diseases remain without a confirmed genetic diagnosis. The rapid emergence of advanced omics technologies, such as long-read genome sequencing, optical genome mapping and multiomic profiling, has improved diagnostic yield but also substantially increased analytical and interpretational complexity. Addressing this complexity requires systematic multidisciplinary collaboration, as recently demonstrated by targeted diagnostic workshops.

Indications for haematopoietic cell transplantation and CAR-T for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders: 2025 EBMT practice recommendations.

For over two decades, the EBMT has updated recommendations on indications for haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) practice based on clinical and scientific developments in the field. This is the ninth special EBMT report on indications for HCT for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders. Our aim is to provide guidance on HCT indications according to prevailing clinical practice in EBMT countries and centres.

Overflow metabolism in bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells: different names, same game.

Overflow metabolism refers to the widespread phenomenon of cells excreting metabolic by-products into their environment. Although overflow is observed in virtually all living organisms, it has been studied independently and given different names in different species. This review highlights emerging evidence that overflow metabolism is governed by common principles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

Exploring experiences of the regulatory toxicology system: system-level promoters and inhibitors of new approach methodologies.

The transition from traditional animal-based approaches and assessments to New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) marks a scientific revolution in regulatory toxicology, with the potential of enhancing human and environmental protection. However, implementing the effective use of NAMs in regulatory toxicology has proven to be challenging, and so far, efforts to facilitate this change frequently focus on singular technical, psychological or economic inhibitors. This article takes a system-thinking approach to these challenges, a holistic framework for describing interactive relationships between the components of a system of interest.

Macrophage metabolic reprogramming during dietary stress influences adult body size in Drosophila.

Immune cells are increasingly recognized as nutrient sensors; however, their developmental role in regulating growth under homeostasis or dietary stress remains elusive. Here, we show that Drosophila larval macrophages, in response to excessive dietary sugar (HSD), reprogram their metabolic state by activating glycolysis, thereby enhancing TCA-cycle flux, and increasing lipogenesis-while concurrently maintaining a lipolytic state. Although this immune-metabolic configuration correlates with growth retardation under HSD, our genetic analyses reveal that enhanced lipogenesis supports growth, whereas glycolysis and lipolysis are growth-inhibitory.

Organocatalysed three-component modular synthesis of BN isosteres and BN-2,1-azaboranaphthalenes via Wolff-type rearrangement.

[2,1]-Azaboranaphthalenes represent unique boron-nitrogen (BN) isosteres of naphthalenes, attracting interest for the development of molecules with enhanced therapeutic potency. The existing synthetic strategies are generally two-component reactions with harsh conditions. Here we report an organocatalysed three-component modular synthesis of ring-fused BN isosteres and BN-2,1-azaboranaphthalenes following ring expansion of unstrained cyclic ketones (n = 4-8) via Wolff-type rearrangement.

Algae-dominated metaproteomes uncover cellular adaptations to life on the Greenland Ice Sheet.

Eukaryotic algae-dominated microbiomes thrive on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) in harsh environmental conditions, including low temperatures, high light, and low nutrient availability. Chlorophyte algae bloom on snow, while streptophyte algae dominate bare ice surfaces. Empirical data about the cellular mechanisms responsible for their survival in these extreme conditions are scarce.

Overview of Tools to Evaluate Human Health Toxicity, Ecotoxicity, and Toxicokinetic Profiles in the Hazard Assessment of Chemicals Used in Cosmetics.

The development of alternative methods to animal testing has gained momentum over the years, including the rapid growth of methods, which are faster and more cost-effective. A large number of tools have been published, focusing on Read-Across, (quantitative) Structure-Activity Relationship ((Q)SAR) models, and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. All of these methods play a crucial role in the risk assessment for cosmetics.

[Oncologists and hematologists' perspective on advance directives. A French national survey].

Background: The prevalence of cancers and hematological malignancies is high and continues to grow. The severity of these pathologies calls for patients to be given the opportunity to express their values, particularly with regard to the intensity of treatment and the type of care they wish to receive. However, the prevalence of advance directives (ADs) in this population remains low.

Assessing the reproducibility of facebow transfers: A mesh-based intra-observer study.

Statement Of Problem: The reproducibility of positioning the maxillary occlusal plane in an articulator with a facebow remains debated. Its clinical use is widespread, yet its reliability and clinical outcomes compared to other transfer methods under standardized conditions remain uncertain.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the intra-operator reproducibility of maxillary positioning on an articulator using a facebow compared to a standardized transfer table.